1st esam

Police investigators take for granted the electronic

devices such as cellphones, computers and other
electronic devices can be processed to give
investigative leads.
Less appreciation of electronic evidence

It is the general questioning of all persons at the crime scene conducted by

the investigator. Field inquiry
It is the questioning of person who is believe to possess knowledge that is
official interest to the investigator. Interview
It is a questioning of a person suspected of having committed an offense or a
person who is reluctant to make full disclosure of information in his
possession which is pertinent to the investigation. It is confrontational in
nature. Interrogation

Pertains to absence of police investigator during trial to act as prosecutor’s

witness due to retirement and transfer of concerned investigator. Failure to
Prosecute
Non-observance of proper documentation in the turn-over of evidence from
one officer to another or one office to another. Chain of Custody
Police personnel are not knowledgeable about crime scene preservation and
basic investigation. No template for the conduct of investigation
The SOCO, investigators, prosecutors and other concerned agencies work
separately and independently in the conduct of their investigation. Inadequacy
of coordination
Lack of material documentation of the case under investigation. Incomplete
Case Folder
Police investigators take for granted the electronic devices such as cellphones,
computers and other electronic devices can be processed to give investigative
leads. Less appreciation of electronic evidence

The most difficult to handle, because of its nature, it

needs special support resources to process.
Special Location

Each item of evidence must be evaluated in relation to

all the evidence, individually and collectively. If
necessary, these pieces of evidence must be subjected
to crime laboratory examination.
Evaluation of Evidence

It is used to describe the physical or material evidence

that a crime has been committed.
Corpus Delicti

A wrong act by its nature punished as felonies under

the RPC. Example: murder, rape, etc.
Mala Inse
It refers to the functional capability of the PNP Crime
Laboratory Group (CLG) performed by its trained
personnel through the recognition, methodical search,
proper documentation/ recording and collection of
physical evidence at the crime scene.
Scene of the Crime Operation

These are information to ensure that the items can be

identified by the collector at any time in the future.
This precaution will help immeasurably to establish
the credibility of the collector’s report or testimony
and will effectively avoid any suggestions that the item
has been misidentified.
Marking of Evidence

A public safety officer who is tasked to conduct the

investigation of all criminal cases as provided for and
embodied under the revised penal code, criminal laws
and special penal laws.
Criminal Investigator

A list of all persons who came into possession of an

item of evidence, continuity of possession.
Chain of Custody
The execution of a suspect’s “WAIVER” as stated in
Article 125 of the RPC shall not be done in the
presence of his chosen counsel or any independent
counsel.
True

The use of the crime laboratory in the examination of physical evidence, such
as Forensic Ballistics, Forensic Chemistry and other affiliated sciences. This is
part of Criminalistics in Criminology. Instrumentation
The knowledge or facts that the investigator had gathered or acquired from
persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the
commission of a crime or criminal activities. Information
It is a conversation with a purpose, motivated by a desire to obtain certain
information from the person being interviewed as to what was either done,
seen, felt, heard, tasted, smell or known. Interview

A list of all persons who came into possession of an

item of evidence, continuity of possession.
Chain of Custody

This is accomplished after the search is completed,

the rough sketch finished and photographs taken.
Collection of Evidence
Are directed to the community’s moral code and values. These are crimes that Answer 1
negatively affects society, rather than individuals or property. Crimes against society

Are crimes that are directed to a person’s belongings, intellectual properties

and money. It includes many common crimes relating to theft or destruction of Answer 2
Crimes against property
someone else’s property.
Are crimes directed to an individual person’s body, honor and life. It refers to a
broad array of criminal offenses which usually involve bodily harm, the threat Answer 3
of bodily harm, or other actions committed against the will of an individual. Crimes against the person
(e.g. murder, assault, harassment)

It refers to the post-incident police operational

procedures undertaken at the crime scene when a
crime has been committed.
Crime Scene Investigation

All investigators in any police unit must be a graduate

of prescribed investigation course with a rank of at
least Patrolman (Pat).
False

All collected evidence can only be released upon order

of the court or prosecutor, as the case maybe.
Releasing of Evidence
Affords the crime scene protection from weather and allows investigators to take time
and process the scene in a slow and methodical manner, without concern for weather
influences. Indoor Crime Scene
Most vulnerable to weather condition and present more problems. Outdoor
Crime scene
The most difficult to handle, because of its nature, it needs special support
resources to process. Special Location
From indoor to outdoor and/or vice versa. Continuing/Mixed Crime scene

Affidavit of Arrest of arresting officers must be taken

immediately not later than 24 hours.
True

It refers to the duty investigator duly assigned or

designated to conduct the inquiry of the crime by
following a systematic set of procedure and
methodologies for the purpose of identifying
witnesses, recovering evidence, arresting and
prosecuting perpetrators.
Investigator on Case

For witness known to be reluctant or hostile, and for those who are believed
to refuse or cooperate in the investigation or those who may be persuaded to
cooperate. Group/Pretext Interview
For cooperative witness or those who may be persuaded to cooperate. Normal
Interview
Is frequently necessary in many cases because additional on vital points is
necessary. Follow-up Interview
In booking procedure, the arrested suspect shall be
fingerprinted, photographed and subjected to medical
examination to include liquor and drug tests.
True

A wrong act arising out of doing an act prohibited by

special laws. Example is illegal possession of firearms.
Mala Prohibita

A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident has

been committed. Also known as the “Treasure Island”
in criminal investigation.
Crime Scene

It refers to the functional capability of the PNP Crime Laboratory Group (CLG)
performed by its trained personnel through the recognition, methodical
search, proper documentation/ recording and collection of physical evidence
at the crime scene. Scene of the crime operation
Are members of the police, military, fire, medical teams and other volunteer
organizations who are expected to be the first to respond to calls for
assistance in cases of incidents involving explosives. First Responder
It refers to the duty investigator duly assigned or designated to conduct the
inquiry of the crime by following a systematic set of procedure and
methodologies for the purpose of identifying witnesses, recovering evidence,
arresting and prosecuting perpetrators. Investigator-on-case
Are members of the police, military, fire, medical
teams and other volunteer organizations who are
expected to be the first to respond to calls for
assistance in cases of incidents involving explosives.
First Responder

It efers to the post-incident police operational

procedures undertaken at the crime scene when a
crime has been committed.
Crime Scene Investigation

The “body of the crime”, it is used to describe the physical or material

evidence that a crime has been committed. CORPUS DELICTI
Is an act or omission that is punishable by the Revised Penal Code, the
criminal law of the Philippines. Felonies are committed not only by means of
deceit (dolo) but also by means of fault (culpa). Felony
It is an act or omission that is punishable by special laws. Offense

Ranked as the premiere criminal motivation for carnapping, committed

primarily by juvenile offenders while typically in the company of friends.
Joyriding
Criminals have found motor vehicle theft for resale to be highly profitable with
minimal risk.
Theft for resale
Here, the vehicle may either be used as transportation to and from various
locations of crimes or actually used in the crime itself
Transformation for other crime
When a person other than the owner of a well-known
trademark registers that trademark as an internet
domain name and then attempts to profit from it
either by ransoming the domain name back to the
trademark owner or by using the domain name to
divert business from the trademark owner to the
owner of the domain name.
Cyber Squatting

Offensive or unjustifiable access obtained to

someone’s personality or personal affairs without his
or her permission and/or knowledge using the social
media or other means in the cyberspace.
Infringement of Privacy

Is a job undertaken on a motor vehicle in order to

replace its entire body with a new body.
Body-building

This refers to the importation of goods into a specific

country without the corresponding legal documents,
permits, and licenses. Goods maybe brought to
isolated beaches or ports of entry.

Direct or Outright Smuggling

Images and videos of children involved in sexual
activities are traded on the internet around the clock.
Child Pornography

It is a crime involving an attack or threat of attack

coupled with demand for money to avert or stop the
attack.
Computer Sabotage and Computer Extortion

Once the carnapper removes the lock cap of the ignition, it is inserted by
screwing the tip into the keyway.
Slam-puller
Once in the stolen motor vehicle, the lock cap is removed, an extractor is
attached, and then turned to remove the lock. The motor vehicle can then
easily be started with a screwdriver. Ignition extractor
It is a thin, easily obtainable piece of metal or aluminum, notched at both
ends, enables easy entry by the carnapper who slides the tool I n the small
crevice between the door and the door frame. Once the lock is manipulated,
the door is easily opened.
Slim Jim

These are event-dependent programs where

programs kick into action only when a certain event
(“Trigger event”) occurs.
Logic Bombs
Is given a unique username and password to the e2m
system, and are strictly enjoined from using
usernames and passwords other than those given to
them.
Alerting Officer

The contents of websites and other electronic

communications over the net can be really distasteful,
obscene or offensive for a variety of reasons.
Cyber Obscenities

It pertains to the improper use of telecommunications

services in falsifying a carrier of any rental, fee or
charge or causing a service to be supplied to another
person without payment of the proper rental, fee or
charge.
Theft of telecommunication services

Cyberbullies get a perverse sense of satisfaction

(gratification) from sending people “flame” mail and
hate mail.
Sending hate mails

These are applications that look like they are doing

something harmless, but secretly have malicious
codes that does something else (system override,
hiding or deleting of file folders, changing appearance
and system settings).
Trojan Horses

It is a program that copies itself and infects a PC,

spreading from one file to another, and then from one
PC to another when the files are copied or shared.
Virus

Is the use of electronic messaging systems like emails

and other digital delivery systems and broadcast
media to send unwanted bulk messages
indiscriminately.
Spamming

It is also known as “An Act Amending Certain

Sections of the Tariff and Customs Code of the
Philippines”.
Republic Act No. 10863
With the connivance of customs personnel, imports
that are conditionally free that are supposedly for
manufacturing of products at export processing zones
or intended to free trade zones are lost in transit to
Manila, or are allowed to enter the local market
without paying import duties.
Diversion of Cargo

It is issued to make sure that all concerned customs

personnel are cautious and thorough in examination
of the alerted shipment and its accompanying import
documents in order to verify derogatory information
or suspected violation of the shipment.
Alert Order

Commonly known as the “Cybersex” industry,

wherein children as young as two years old are being
forced to perform sex acts for the titillation of paying
customers around the globe who watch via webcams,
or porn performers who are performing sexual acts
being recorded or uploaded on the internet for money.
Sex Trade

The Alerting Officer shall first issue the Alert Order in

the e2m Alert System with the accomplished
prescribed Alert Order Form in quadruplicate copies.
Electronic Alert

Is changing the color of a motor vehicle by means of painting. There is

repainting whenever the new color of a motor vehicle is different from its
color as registered in the Land Transportation Office.
Repainting
It is the tearing apart, piece by piece or part by part, of a motor vehicle.
Dismantling
It is the introduction of some changes in the shape or form of the body of the
motor vehicle
Remodeling

This occurs when someone forcefully takes control of

a website (by cracking the password and later
changing it).
Web Jacking

This is online harassment wherein the victim is

subjected to a barrage of online messages and emails.
Cyber Stalking

It is the systematic process of tracing a crime-related

firearm recovered by law enforcement agency from its
manufacturer or importation through the chain of
distribution to first retail sale of the firearm to a
private citizen.
Firearms Tracing

It is the use of a computer to create a dishonest

misrepresentation of fact as an attempt to induce
another to do or refrain from doing something which
causes loss.
Computer Fraud

The Alerting Officer shall submit within twenty-four

(24) hours from its issuance, the duly accomplished
quadruplicate copies of the Alert Order Form to the
Office of the Commissioner and shall send copies
through electronic mail.
Manual Alert

It is the main enforcement agency tasked to prevent

smuggling in the Philippines.
Bureau of Customs

This could be smuggling in the high seas, wherein

small boats siphon fuel or oil from larger ships from
high seas, away from customs zones, for later resale
into the country.
Fuel/Oil Smuggling
It is a National Support Unit (NSU) of the PNP which
enforces traffic laws and regulations, promote traffic
and rider safety consciousness, and develops reforms
in crime prevention against all forms of lawlessness
committed using motor vehicles.
PNP-HPG

A perpetrator alters documents stored in

computerized form, in which the crime committed
may be forgery.
Computer Forgery and Counterfeiting

This includes hate speech (publishing a blasphemous

libel), hacking (interceptive private communications),
identity theft, online stalking (criminal harassment)
and uttering threats.
Cyber Violence

Is the erasing, scratching, altering or changing of the

original factory-inscribed serial number on the motor
vehicle engine, engine block or chassis of any motor
vehicle.
Defacing or tampering

Unregulated ports and wharves in BASULTA are used

to smuggle merchandise from Malaysia and Indonesia
without the attention from law enforcement.
Unloading of goods in private ports and wharves

This refers to the importation of goods into the

country through fraudulent, falsified, or erroneous
declarations in order to evade the customs duties and
taxes.
Technical Smuggling

Carnappers would pretend as police/military personnel in staging carnapping activities.

They’ll usually flag down their would-be victims and hold their intended victim at
gunpoint. False Checkpoints
Carnapping syndicates/groups will tail their would-be victim and at gunpoint,
divest all valuables and money remittances for delivery, then forcibly take
control of the victim’s vehicle. Delivery Vehicle Carnaps
Suspects on board a motor vehicle will intentionally bump a victim’s car. Once
the victim stops and alights from their motor vehicle, the suspects will
immediately take the victim’s vehicle at gunpoint. Bump and Rob

It uses the network to send copies of themselves to

other PC’s, usually utilizing a security hole to travel
from one host to the next, often automatically without
user intervention.
Computer Worms

Is the taking, with intent to gain, of a motor vehicle

belonging to another without the latter’s consent, or
by means of violence against or intimidation of
persons, or by using force upon things?
Carnapping

Is any vehicle propelled by any power other than

muscular power using the public highways.
Motor Vehicle

Perpetrators knowingly uses, causes to be used, or

accesses a computer, computer service, or computer
network without authorization and they do so with an
intent to commit, attempt to commit or further
commission of any felony; or thereby knowingly gains
access to a computer material.
Cyber trespass

It is a crime where electronic funds transfers is used

in concealing and in moving the proceeds of crime.
Electronic money laundering & Tax evasion
It refers to the state of psychic or physical dependence
or both on dangerous drugs following the
administration or use of that drug.
Drug Dependence

He shall ensure that all police witnesses shall

religiously attend and testify in court during the trial
and shall require them to secure a Certificate of
Appearance from the Court and to submit an After
Court-Duty Report.
Chief of Police

Police Officers responsible for the security of the

raiding team and to control entry and exit of
authorized persons in the area of operation
Back up security

It is believed to be operating in more than 50

countries and is currently touted as the largest
producer and supplier of heroin, methamphetamines
and Marijuana. It is considered as the most cohesive
mafia group in the western hemisphere.
Mexican Sinaloa Drug Cartel
Refers to the illegal cultivation, culture, delivery,
administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale,
trading, transportation, distribution, importation,
exportation and possession of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.
Illegal Drug Trafficking

This refers to the threat of use of force, coercion,

abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or
vulnerability, or giving of payments or benefits to a
person in control of the victim. This answers the
question “How was it done?”
The Means

The objective of this is to make the original “dirty”

money as hard to trace back as possible.
Layering

The search warrant must be served within how many

days?
10 days

It also defines as any act of injecting, intravenously or

intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,
smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or
otherwise introducing into the physiological system of
the body, any of the dangerous drugs.

Drug Usage

It remains the number one drug of choice overall,

especially among the poor.
Shabu

This is the method of breaking down cash deposits

below the reporting threshold.
Smurfing

These businesses may be “front companies” that

provide legal goods or services but whose real purpose
is to clean laundered money.
Legitimate Business Ownership

The team that undertakes the collection,

documentation and forensic examination of collected
physical evidence with the end view of establishing
facts relative to a crime scene.

SOCO/Processing Team
This includes prostitution, sexual exploitation, forced
labor, slavery or similar practices and the removal of
organs. This answers the question “Why was it done?”
The Purpose

Refers to the state of periodic or chronic intoxication

produced by the repeated consumption of a drug.

Drug Addiction

Who shall immediately prepare a detailed report

including photographs of all seized/confiscated non-
drug evidence?

Investigator on Case

They are referred as individuals below the age of 18

who are, or have been recruited or used by armed
groups in any capacity. It includes both boys and girls
who are used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers,
spies, or used for sexual gratification of conventional
forces.
Child Soldiers
No PNP personnel shall be allowed to conduct a
planned anti-drug operation unless he is a member of
an anti-drug unit.

True

Victims are being compelled or forced to work very

long hours, usually in hard conditions, and their
wages if not all are given to their traffickers.

Forced Labor

A medical service rendered to a client for the effective

management of his total condition complications
arising from drug abuse.
Treatment

It is any substance taken into the body that alters the

way and the mind and the bodywork.
Chemical

He undercover Police Officer who act as a buyer of

illegal drugs for purposes of effecting the arrest of the
offender.

Poseur Buyer
A network of illegal drug operations operated and
manned carefully by groups of criminals who
knowingly traffic through nefarious trade for personal
or group profit.
Drug Syndicate

This refers to the illegal consumption, administration,

possession and abuse of illegal drugs. After the
successful distribution of illegal drugs, it is now time
for drug dependents to consume it.
Drug Consumption

It must be done with the local police units in the area of operation to prevent any possible
confrontation (mis-encounter), without sacrificing operational security.
Coordination

It shall be issued by the person receiving the evidence.

Such receipt shall form part of the case folder of the
transmitting Unit.
Acknowledgement Receipt

For warrantless seizures like buy-bust operations,

inventory and taking of photographs should be done
at?
at the nearest Police Station or Office
It is trafficking people to use their internal organs for transplant. Victims are exploited by
coercion and threat in order to remove their internal organs like kidneys for illicit organ trade
operation of their traffickers.
Organ Harvesting

Refers to the pledging by the debtor of his/her

personal services or labor or those of a person under
his/her control as security or payment for a debt.
Debt Bondage

It refers to the status or condition of a person over

whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership are exercised.
Slavery

This includes sexual services and practices offered

during rest and recreation periods for members of the
military.
Sex Tourism

Within how many hours upon confiscation/seizure

when practicable, all seized drugs and/or CPEC’s shall
be submitted to the PDEA Laboratory Service or the
PNP Crime Laboratory Offices for examination and
proper disposition.
24 hours
It refers to the Moving the funds from direct
association with the crime.
Placement

It is the shipment of cash from one country to another

through mail or shipping companies (UPS, FedEx,
DHL), and/or courier services transporting cash-in-
check or carry-on baggage or in their persons.
Cash Smuggling

Acts as Ground Commander and must ensure the

orderly and proper conduct of search.
Supervisor

Composed of Police Officers tasked to perform

specific functions such as to seize, inventory, record,
photograph-document, and investigate arrested
suspects in the area of operation.
Search and Investigation Teams

Who must preserve the integrity and evidentiary value

of all evidences?
Seizing Officer
They usually use human drug couriers (“drug mules”)
to smuggle drugs into a country of destination in
exchange for a huge amount of money.
West African Drug Syndicate

It is any non-consensual or abusive sexual act

performed without the victim’s permission or consent.
It is the recruitment, transportation, or harboring of
persons through threat, use of force, or other coercion
for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
Sexual Exploitation

All anti-illegal drug operations to be conducted by a

team shall be led by a Police Non- Commissioned
Officer.
False

It is important to note that all PNP Anti-Illegal Drug

Units shall be required to have at least three (3)
female member operative who shall be responsible for
arresting and frisking female suspects, and for taking
into custody children found in the place of operation.
False
This involves a final bank transfer into the account of
a local business in which the launderer is “investing”
in exchange for a cut in the profits.
Integration

This refers to the recruitment, transportation,

transfer, harboring or receipt of persons. It answers
the question “What was done?
The Act

These are pseudo-companies that exist for no other

reason than to launder money. They take in dirty
money as “payment” for supposed goods or services,
but actually provide no goods or services.
Shell Corporations

It is dominating the country’s illegal drug trade by

undertaking bulk smuggling and manufacturing of
illegal drugs.
Chinese/Filipino-Chinese Drug Syndicates