Analog Integrated Circuits

Module 2

Linear applications of OPAMP

Third Year B. Tech. (Electronics Engg.)

VJTI, Mumbai, India
2021-2022
Module 2: Linear applications
• Amplifiers
• Current to Voltage converters
• Voltage to Current converters
• Difference amplifier
• Instrumentation amplifiers
• Summing and scaling amplifiers
• Integrator
• Differentiator.
 Amplifiers
• Depending on the applications of the input signal to the terminals, Op-
amp amplifiers are classified as;
• Inverting Amplifiers
• Non-inverting Amplifiers
• The gain is decided by the external components i.e. Resisters

Simply changing the application of

input signal to the terminals
amplifiers are changeable.

If Rf is change to zero (Output shorted to non-inverting terminal) then the

circuit converted to voltage follower or the buffer.
Current to Voltage converters
• Currently the world smart covered the whole world.
• Smart home, Smart city, Smart devices etc. are popularly in use.
• Computerized control becomes need of an hour thus HMI becomes
the need
• Physical world is connected to
the computer through DAC.
• Transducer is current actuating
device (Current source)
• Processing devices process
voltages.

Thus there is need to convert the

current into voltage
Current to Voltage converters
Let us see how the current source can be converted to voltage

• Just by connecting resister across the

current source
• Equivalent current flows through the loop
• Create voltage drop across resister.
V=IxR
• Thus the voltage depends on the current
and thus the current source is converted
into current dependent voltage source
Current to Voltage converters
If this voltage source drive further Load then

• The current is divided into two components

• Current through resistance Rin
• Current through Load resistance RL

Thus the voltage across Load is

However, ideally the V = I x Rp

voltage should be where Rp is equivalent parallel resistance of Rin & RL

independent of the
load. • Thus the output voltage depends on the
RL >> R VR < V Load resister.
Current to Voltage converters
This issue can be solved with the active current to voltage
converter Thus considering the Op-Amp ideal the point
A is at zero potential.
Then apply KCL

Current Ip is,

(0 − 𝑉𝑜 )
𝐼𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝑝 =
𝑅𝑓
A
𝑉𝑜
𝐼𝑖𝑛 = −
𝑅𝑓
𝑉𝑜 = −𝐼𝑖𝑛 × 𝑅𝑓
As R is considered to be constant then,

𝑽𝒐 ∝ 𝑰𝒊𝒏
 Current to Voltage converters
Thus even if the load resistance is connected in the circuit
then also there is no effect on the current voltage relation.

This is also called as trans-impedance amplifier as output voltage &

𝑽𝒐
input current then, = 𝒛
𝑰𝒊𝒏
Applications of Current to Voltage converters

Photodiode Application
Applications of Current to Voltage converters

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Applications of Current to Voltage converters
 Thank You

Queries if any??
You can email queries / questions / feedback at
rnawale@el.vjti.ac.in
with subject: AIC Module 1 Queries