Blythea Ysabelle Joquiño STEM 11- St.

Basil
Topic: The Effect of Different Vaccine Brands to the Decision of Filipinos to be
Vaccinated
Related Literature:
There are currently 4 different brands of vaccine being administered in the Philippines
namely the Pfizer/BioNTech Comirnaty, AstraZeneca/AZD1222 vaccines, the
Janssen/Ad26.COV 2.S developed by Johnson & Johnson, and the Sinovac-
CoronaVac. (World Health Organization, 2021)

Sinovac Biotech was the most preferred coronavirus (COVID-19) brand by Filipino
respondents in a May 2021 survey in the Philippines. The brand, created by a Chinese
biopharmaceutical company, was chosen by 39% of Filipinos. In comparison, 32% of
respondents said they preferred the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine brand. At the time of the
survey, China's Sinovac supplied 71% of the COVID-19 vaccines that arrived in the
country, followed by AstraZeneca from the United Kingdom. (Department, 2021)

According to health experts, people waiting for higher efficacy vaccines, as well as
widespread misinformation, poor government messaging, and fresh memories of the
troubled 2016 rollout of the dengue fever vaccine DengVaxia, which put thousands of
children in danger, have all contributed to vaccine hesitancy in the Philippines.
(Westerman, 2021)

Because of the public's preference for the Pfizer vaccine, the Philippine government has
decided to refrain from announcing which vaccine brands will be used. Prior to this
incident, people would flock to Pfizer vaccine distribution sites. People would refuse if
the aforementioned brand was not administered and would instead wait at the back of
the lines. (Venzon, 2021)

According to a May 2021 SWS survey, Sinovac Biotech and Pfizer BioNtech
coronavirus vaccines were the most preferred vaccines of Filipino adults due to their
high efficacy rate. The Department of Health admitted that Filipinos’ preference to a
certain vaccine brand had contributed to hesitance of people to be vaccinated despite
the announcement of the government to receive vaccines as soon as possible.
(Tomacruz, 2021)
Since the FDA changed Janssen's emergency use authorization to include a warning
regarding a rare risk of blood clots and low platelets known as TTS (thrombosis with
thrombocytopenia syndrome), women under 50 may opt for one of Pfizer's or Moderna's
mRNA vaccines, which do not carry this risk. (Berg, 2021)

Because of their reputation or via association, the countries where they are made, and
emerging news of side effects, vaccine hesitancy may be substantially more acute for
some vaccine brands. Some brands are likely to be favored over others, as evidenced
by the immediate crowding of vaccination locations when a few Pfizer doses were
available. (Mendoza, Dayrit, Alfonso, & Ong, 2021)

Public responses to COVID-19 vaccines may differ depending on their perceptions

about the manufactures. Some pharmaceutical companies have a good history in terms
of medicine and vaccine development which are also based on the countries that they
are located in that follow strict regulations and standards. But some companies like one
in China is still struggling and in currently facing corruption allegation which affects the
preferences of the citizens. (Mendoza, Dayrit, Alfonso, & Ong, 2021)

COVID-19 vaccine brand hesitancy and other challenges to vaccination in the

Philippines
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.21264837v1.full-text

COVID-19 Vaccine Preference as Basis for Vaccination: A Multi-Criteria Analysis

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rania-Maulana/publication/354501382_COVID-
19_Vaccine_Preference_as_Basis_for_Vaccination_A_Multi-Criteria_Analysis/links/
613b5428f07b08309084c85e/COVID-19-Vaccine-Preference-as-Basis-for-Vaccination-A-
Multi-Criteria-Analysis.pdf
Topic: The Effect of Parental Involvement in the Academic Performance of STEM
Students
Related Literature:
According to research, parental pressure has a negative relationship with scholastic
outcomes like as school engagement, motivation, and accomplishment, whereas
parental support has a favorable relationship. As the major agent of socialization,
parents have a significant impact on children's self-perceptions, abilities, and attitudes
toward STEM education. (Hoferichter & Raufelder, 2019)

The students’ motivation, activity choices, and interest towards STEM is greatly
influenced by their parents’ specific beliefs and actions as well as their perceptions.
(Eccles, 2015). In line with the General Expectancy-Value Model of Achievement
Choices, it was found out that when their parents demonstrated positivity, co-activity,
and school-focused behaviors, children had higher ability self-concepts and gave a
higher priority to STEM topics. (Simpkins, Chara D, & Garcia, 2015)

It is widely assumed that parental involvement in education has an impact on student

results. Some studies show that when parents are actively involved in their children's
education, they show a variety of achievement-related results. It was also shown that
parent involvement impacts students social, emotional, and character development.
This also led to the increased attendance of students, reduced suspensions, and
reduced high school dropouts. (Johnson, Mohr-Schroeder, Moore, & English, 2020)

In 2012 and 2015, PISA assessed parental involvement in students’ education through
an international comparative study. These studies mainly focused on mathematics and
science proficiency. Some of the parent survey questions focused on the importance of
parental involvement connected to student progress, differences between school
systems, and differences between cultures/socioeconomic groups. These findings
revealed that parents' expectations were strongly and favorably related to their
children's math performance and positive attitudes toward learning. The data also
suggested a close relationship between parents' early involvement in science activities
and their children's attitudes toward science. (Johnson, Mohr-Schroeder, Moore, &
English, 2020)
A New Framework for Understanding Parental Involvement: Setting the Stage for
Academic Success
https://www.rsfjournal.org/content/rsfjss/2/5/186.full.pdf

Examining how parent and teacher enthusiasm influences motivation and

achievement in STEM
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epub/10.1080/00220671.2020.1806015?
needAccess=true
 Topic: The Effect of Having Branded and Generic Medicines to the Preference of
Filipino Consumers
Related Literature:
Brand-name pharmaceuticals are often regarded to be "original," and in some ways, this
is true. They are the first of their kind, as a pharmaceutical business must frequently go
through extensive research, development, and clinical testing before making a product
available to the general public. When consumers hear the word "generic," they typically
assume that the drug isn't as effective as its brand-name version or that it's a
counterfeit. This is not the case, however. Generic medications have the same quality,
potency, recommended dosage, intended use, route of administration, effects, and
adverse effects as brand-name drugs. Consumers may find more comfort utilizing brand
name drugs in most circumstances, according to experts. (Brand Names vs. Generics:
Which is Better?, 2020)

A survey of patients in the Philippines was conducted via questionnaire to determine

their perception of generic drugs. Out of the 1,160 patients that participated, only 7% of
them had the knowledge of the correct definition of what a generic drug means. While
55% knew about the law that requires physicians to write the generic names of drugs in
their prescriptions, 47% were aware of the law that requires pharmacies to offer generic
drug alternatives, and 84% knew that they have a right in choosing what type of
medicine they want to buy. This study also revealed that most of the patients preferred
purchasing brand-name medicines over the generic ones. (Wong, et al., 2014)

In terms of efficacy, over half of respondents (48%) believe generics are less effective
than brand-name drugs, while 33 percent believe generics are equal to brand-name
medicines and 4.8 percent believe generics are more effective. (Wong, et al., 2014)

Some Unilab branded paracetamols, such as Bioflu, Neozep, and Solmux, were out of
supply due to a rise in fever and flu cases in the Philippines. The Department of Health
urged individuals to purchase generic alternatives, claiming that there is no shortage of
this type of medicine because other brands are still available. (Staff, 2022)
The Prevalence of Philippine Prescribing, Dispensing, and Use Behavior in
Relation to Generic Drugs and their Risk Factors
https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/126974/1/pidsdps1417.pdf
References
Berg, S. (2021, May 7). Which COVID-19 vaccine should I get? What to tell your
patients. Retrieved from American Medical Association: https://www.ama-
assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/which-covid-19-vaccine-should-i-get-what-
tell-your-patients
Brand Names vs. Generics: Which is Better? (2020, September 24). Retrieved from
Makati Medical Center:
https://www.makatimed.net.ph/news-and-exhibits/news/brand-names-vs-
generics-which-is-better
Department, S. R. (2021, November 23). Preferred coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine
brand in the Philippines as of May 2021. Retrieved from Statista:
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1240908/coronavirus-vaccine-preferred-brand-
philippines/
Eccles, J. S. (2015, November 2). GENDERED SOCIALIZATION OF STEM
INTERESTS IN THE FAMILY. Int. J. Gender Sci. Technol. 7, 116–132. Retrieved
from International Journal of Gender, Science, and TEchnology.
Harmsen, I. A., Ruiter, R. A., Paulussen, T. G., Mollema, L., Kok, G., & Melker, H. E.
(2012, November 20). Hindawi. Retrieved from Factors That Influence
Vaccination Decision-Making by Parents Who Visit an Anthroposophical Child
Welfare Center: A Focus Group Study:
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/apm/2012/175694/
Harris, A. L., & Robinson, K. (2016). A New Framework for Understanding Parental
Involvement: Setting the Stage for Academic Success. rsf: the russell sage
foundation journal of the social sciences, 186-201.
Hoferichter, F., & Raufelder, D. (2019, March 5). Mothers and Fathers—Who Matters
for STEM Performance? Gender-Specific Associations Between STEM
Performance, Parental Pressure, and Support During Adolescence. Retrieved
from Frontiers in Education:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2019.00014/full
Johnson, Mohr-Schroeder, Moore, & English. (2020). Parent Involvement and Its
Influence on Children's STEM Learning: A Review of the Research. Handbook of
Research on STEM Education, 323-324.
Mendoza, R. U., Dayrit, M. M., Alfonso, C. R., & Ong, M. M. (2021, August 19). Public
trust and the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign: lessons from the Philippines as it
emerges from the Dengvaxia controversy. Retrieved from NCBI:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8426681/#hpm3297-bib-0025
Patients’ perception of generics in the Philippines. (2014, February 6). Retrieved from
GENERICS AND BIOSIMILAR INITIATIVE:
 https://www.gabionline.net/reports/Patients-perception-of-generics-in-the-
Philippines
Simpkins, S. D., Chara D, P., & Garcia, K. (2015). Parental support and high school
students' motivation in biology, chemistry, and physics: Understanding
differences among latino and caucasian boys and girls. Journal of Research in
Science Teaching, 1386-1407.
Staff, C. P. (2022, January 4). Some branded paracetamol out of stock; govt urges use
of generic drugs. Retrieved from CNN Philippines:
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/1/4/Paracetamol-shortage-COVID-
19-medicine.html
Tomacruz, S. (2021, May 24). Sinovac, Pfizer top COVID-19 vaccines preferred by
adult Filipinos. Retrieved from Rappler: https://www.rappler.com/nation/top-covid-
19-vaccines-preferred-by-adult-filipinos-sws-survey-may-2021/
Venzon, C. (2021, May 20). Philippines fights vaccine bias in face of Pfizer preference.
Retrieved from Nikkei Asia: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/COVID-
vaccines/Philippines-fights-vaccine-bias-in-face-of-Pfizer-preference
Westerman, A. (2021, May 19). Do People Need To Know Which COVID-19 Vaccine
They're Getting? One Country Says No. Retrieved from npr:
https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/05/19/998139555/
do-people-need-to-know-which-covid-19-vaccine-theyre-getting-one-country-
says-no
Wong, J. Q., Baclay, J. R., Duque, R. G., Roque, P. M., Serrano, G. K., Tumlos, J. O., &
Ronsing, A.-A. A. (2014, March). The Prevalence of Philippine Prescribing,
Dispensing, and Use Behavior. Retrieved from Philippine Institute for
Development Studies:
https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/webportal/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1417.pdf
World Health Organization. (2021, October 7). Retrieved from Coronavirus disease
(COVID-19): Vaccines: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-
coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-
(covid-19)-vaccines?
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