GLOBALNE

OCIEPLENIE

KINGACHMIEL
GLOBAL WARMING
 RESEARCH QUESTION

Is the phenomenon of GLOBAL WARMING intensified

by human activities?
 HYPOTHESIS
Human activities contribute to global warming by
increasing the greenhouse gas.
 A chart of the anthropogenic (“human generated”)
greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

Figure: Greenhouse gas emissions

by major gas. Each of these gases
is emitted by human activities,
contributing to a warming planet.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most
important greenhouse, stemming
from fossil fuel combustion, land 62%
use, and industrial processes. 62%
Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide
(N2O), and fluorinated gases
(f-gasses) are also important.

Data from the EPA, with adjustments to separate chemical and cement emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel
combustion based on data from the World Resources Institute. 2019
 One- f i f th of global g r eenhouse
gas pollution comes f rom
Deforestation defor es tati on and forest
deg r adation
Plants and trees a large amount
of carbon dioxide within it as it
takes carbon dioxide from the
environment and releases
oxygen. When vegetation is cut
down or crops are burnt, they
release this stored carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere thereby
contributing in global warming

★ Tropical forest loss currently

accounts for 8 percent of the
world’s annual carbondioxide
emissions.
★ Between 2015 and 2017,
forest-related emissions were 63
percent higher than the average
for the previous 14 years, rising
from 3 billion to 4.9 billion metric
tons per year.
 Burning of Fossil Fuels
Over the past years, the world’s industrialized nations have hanged the
balance of carbon content in the atmosphere by burning huge amounts of
fossil fuels which contains concentrated carbon such as coal, oil, and gas.
This is one of the biggest sources of emission of carbon dioxide that allows
radiative forcing and contributes to global warming.
 THE ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION OF CO2

★ Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main heat-trapping 2019 - 415ppm

gas largely responsible for most of the average

warming over the past several decades.
★ In 2013 the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii
recorded more than 400ppm. In March 2015
global averages reached this threshold, and in
September 2016 the world reached a point of
no-return: CO2 concentration levels are unlikely
to dip below 400 ppm again. As of this spring
(2019), the levels of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere rose to about 415 ppm.

The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased dramatically, from a

pre-industrial era (AD 1000 – 1750) concentration of approximately 280
parts per million (ppm) to today's 400 ppm.
 METHANE EMISSION

CH₄ is an important greenhouse gas and also a precursor of

the air pollutant O3. About 60% of the current globalmethane
is emitted by sources like agriculture(especially from rice
fields and cattle), landfills, biomass burning, wastewater, and
the production and pipeline transport of fossil fuels, while ca
40% is from natural sources. At world level, CH₄ emissions
and concentrations are still increasing.
 ★ Methane (CH4) persists in
the atmosphere for far less
time than carbon dioxide
(about a decade), it is much
more potent in terms of the
greenhouse effect. In fact
its global warming impact
is 25 times greater thanthat
of carbon dioxide over a
100-year period. Globally it
accounts for approximately
16 percent of
human-generated
greenhouse gas emissions.

➔ This emerging dynamic highlights

methane’s growing contribution to
global warming relative to the
observed slower growth rates of
CO2 over the past threeyears.
Figure 1. Top: projections of atmospheric methane concentrations(left, ppb) and carbon
dioxide concentrations(right, ppm) for the four Representative Concentration Pathway
(RCP)scenarios and observed globally averaged atmospheric abundance at marine
boundary layer sites from the NOAA network (black, Dlugockenky 2016).
(https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/120207/pdf;Article

It has a GWP 300 times that of carbon dioxide
on a 100-year time scale, and it remains in the
atmosphere, on average, a little more than a
century. It accounts for about 6 percent of
human-caused greenhouse gas emissions
worldwide.
Emitted in smaller quantities than other
greenhouse gases (they account for
just 2 percent of man-made global
greenhouse gas emissions), they trap
substantially more heat. Indeed, the
GWP for these gases can be in the
thousands to tens of thousands, and

Nitrous oxide N2O, the third most they have long atmospheric lifetimes,in
some cases lasting tens of thousands
important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the most of years.

abundantly emitted ozone depleting

substance. Nitrous oxide is emitted during
agricultural and industrial activities (fertilizer),
combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as
well as during treatment of wastewater.
Fluorinated gases:
Synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are
emitted from a variety of industrial processes.
Fluorinated gases are sometimes used as
substitutes for stratospheric ozone-depleting
substances These gases are emitted in smaller
quantities. These chemicals are typically used as
refrigerants or in industrial processes.
 HARMFUL EFFECTS OF GLOBALWARMING

★ Expected long-term effects of current global warming are rising sea

levels, flooding, melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, fluctuations in
temperature and precipitation, drought, heat waves and forest fires

Polar bears have become a symbol of global warming, because the Arctic landscape is one of the first to absorb the impact of rising temperatures. Warming temperatures melt
polar ice and force animals like the polar bear to move farther south in search of food and other resources.
 TEST HYPOTHESIS & CONCLUSION
★ The results support the hypothesis -
human activities contribute to global
warming by increasing the greenhouse
gas.
★ Continued emission of greenhouse
gases will cause further warming and
long-lasting changes in all components
of the climate system, increasing the
likelihood of severe, pervasive and
irreversible impacts for people and
ecosystems. Scientists worry that the
climate is changing faster than some
living things can adapt to it.
 WHAT WE CAN DO ?

★ Some scientists are working to capture carbon dioxide and store it underground, rather than
let it go into the atmosphere. This process is called carbon sequestration.
★ We can improve the fuel efficiency of cars and other vehicles.
★ We can also support development of alternative energy sources, such as solar power and
biofuels, that don’t involve burning fossilfuels.
★ We can improve energy efficiency in homes and businesses.
★ Protecting existing forests and planting newones
★ Changes in farming practices (reduce the use offertilizers)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/120207/pdf;Article

https://skepticalscience.com/fact-check-trump-picks-on-agw.html

https://globalecoguy.org/the-three-most-important-graphs-in-climate-change-e64d3f4ed76 2019

https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/global-trends-methane-emissions-and-their-impacts-ozone-concentrations

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094003/meta#erlaa37b

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01609327163003086f2

https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/science/human-contribution-to-gw-faq.html#.XGMafLh9jIUct/

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/greenhouse-effe

https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/07/24/global-warming-climate-warming-faster-than-has-last-2-000-years/1816664001/

https://scitechdaily.com/has-global-warming-stopped/

http://lawjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/jel/article/view/248/185

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/greenhouse-effect-101

https://news.mongabay.com/2018/10/tropical-deforestation-now-emits-more-co2-than-the-eu/