Kinetic Theory of Gases 487

Hints and Explanations

1. (3) If a lorry is moving with constant velocity, then the energy; therefore, we can say that the absolute zero
v rms of the gas molecules inside the container does temperature is not zero energy temperature.
not change and we know that T ∝ v rms
2
. Therefore, the
8. (3) Since we have
temperature remains same.
1M 2 MT
P= v rms ⇒ P ∝
2. (3) If the gas is not ideal, then its molecules possess 3V V
­potential energy. Hence, statement (i) is wrong.
At constant volume and temperature, if the mass of the
 The rms speed of different gases at same tempera-
gas is doubled, then the pressure is also doubled, that is,
 1 
ture depends on its molecular mass  v rms ∝ . the new pressure would be 150 cm of mercury column.
 M
Hence statement (ii) is also wrong.
M
 Kinetic energy of 1 g gas depends on the molecu- 9. (4) From PV ∝ MT or V ∝ T ;
P
lar mass  E gm ∝ 1  . Hence, statement (iii) is also M
 Here   represents the slope of curve drawn on
 M  P
wrong. However, the kinetic energy of 1 mole of an volume and temperature axis.
ideal gas does not depend on the molecular weight M
 For first condition, slope   , graph is D (given in
 3   P
 E = RT  . Hence, statement (iv) is correct. the problem)
2
1 2M M
3. (1) The kinetic energy per degree of freedom is kBT .   For second condition, slope = 4   , that
2 P/2  P
Since the diatomic gas possesses two degrees of is, slope becomes four time, therefore, graph A is
freedom for rotational motion; the rotational K.E. is ­correct in this condition.
1 
2  kBT  = kBT 10. (1) The rms speed depends upon the molecular mass as
2 
1
v rms ∝ ,
 Since both gases (oxygen and nitrogen) are diatomic M
and they have the same temperature (300 K), the ratio  However, the kinetic energy does not depend on the
of the average rotational kinetic energy is equal to 1. mass. It depends only on temperature of an ideal
f f gas.
4. (3) Energy of 1 mole of gas = RT = PV , where f  is
2 2 E ∝ M0
the degrees of freedom.

For monatomic gas, we have Since we have m1 > m2 > m3, we get
3 (v rms )1 < (v rms )2 < (v rms )3
E total = PV
2 (as f = 3)
However, ( K 1 ) = ( K 2 ) = ( K 3 ).
For diatomic gas, we have
5 11. 
(3) We know that
E total = PV (as f = 5)
2 3RT 8 RT
v rms = , vav =
5. (3) Due to the increase in temperature, the root mean M π M
square velocity of gas molecules increases. Hence, RT
and v mp = 2
they strike the wall more often with higher velocity. M
Hence, the pressure exerted by a gas, on the walls of
Therefore, v rms : vav : v mp = 3 : 2.5 : 2
the container, increases.
Hence, v mp < vav < v rms
6. (3) The average translational kinetic energy does not v rms 3 3 2
depend on the molar mass of the gas. Different gases and = 2
or v rms = v mp
v mp 2 2
possess same average translational kinetic energy at

Therefore, the average kinetic energy of one
the same temperature.
molecule is
7. (1) At absolute zero temperature, the kinetic energy of the 1 1 3 2 3
= mv rms
2
= m v mp = mv mp
2

gas molecules becomes zero but they possess potential 2 2 2 4

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 488 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

12. (2) The average speed of gas molecules is For N2: The internal energy is
• 
8kBT 5 5
vav = U= RT = × 0.048 = 0.08 eV
    πm 2 3
 
It depends on temperature and molecular mass.
17. (3) The pressure in container X for 1 mole (n = 1) of O2
Thus, the average speed of oxygen will be same in
gas is
vessel A and vessel C and that is equal to V1 . nRT RT
PO2 = = (1)
13. (3) Mean K.E. of gas molecules is     V V

3 3 The pressure in container Y for 1 mole (n = 1) of He

E = kBT = kB(t + 273) gas is
2 2
 where T is the temperature in kelvin and t is in nRT R( 2T )
PHe = = (2)
­centigrade. Therefore,     V V

3 3 From Eqs. (1) and (2), we get

E = kBt + × 273 kB
2 2 PHe = 2PO2
where kB is the Boltzmann’s constant.

 
By comparing this equation with the standard 18. (4) The root means square velocity of molecule in left
­equation of straight line y = mx + c , we get part is
3 3 3kB T
m = kB and c = 273kB v rms =
2 2 mL

 Thus, the graph between E and t will be a straight  The mean or the average speed of molecule in the
line with positive intercept on E-axis and positive right part is
slope with t-axis. 8 kB T
vav =
π mR
14. (2) Since mass of gases are equal so number of moles
will not be equal. That is, From the given data, we get
μ A ≠ μB
3kB T 8 kB T
=

From ideal gas equation, PV = μRT , hence, mL π mR

PAV A PBVB
= (as the temperature of the containers is 3 8
μ μB ⇒ =
 A mL π mR
same)
From this relation, it is clear that if PA = PB , then mL 3π
⇒ =
VA μA mR 8
= ≠ 1 , that is, V A ≠ VB
VB μB
Similarly, if V A = VB , then 19. (2) We know that root mean square velocity is
PA μ A 3RT
= ≠ 1 , that is, PA ≠ PB . v rms =
PB μB M
g RT
15. (2) We know that speed of sound, c =
M 3RT
or 300 =
V1 V2 M
For isobaric process, =
T1 T2
3R(T / 2) 1
and ′ =
v rms = × 300 = 150 m s−1
V 4V 2M 2
Hence, 0 = 0 ⇒ T2 = 4T1
T1 T2
20. (1) We know that
c1 T
From = 1 2E 3
c2 T2 P= or E = PV
3V 2
c0 T0 Hence, the total energy is
We get = ⇒ c 2 = 2c0
c2 4T0
3
E= PV
16. (4) We have the following two cases: 2
•  For O2: The average translational kinetic energy 3
3 •  For H2: 1500 = PV
is=
KT = RT 0.048 eV. 2
2

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 Kinetic Theory of Gases 489

3 2L 3M
•  For N2: E = × 2PV t=
2 TL + T0 5R
Hence, E = 1500 × 2 = 3000 J.
x
dx
21. (4) According to ideal gas equation
ρRT A B
P=
M
 where ρ is the density of the gas and M is the atomic T0 TL
L
mass of the gas; therefore,
ρ2 RT
P1 = (1) 25. (2) If m is the total mass of the gas then its kinetic
M1 1
 2
­energy is mv .
ρ2 RT 2
and P2 =  (2)  When the vessel is suddenly stopped, then the total
M2
kinetic energy increases the temperature of the gas.
Dividing Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
Hence,
P1 ρ1 M 2
= 1 m  R 
P2 ρ2 M1 mv 2 = μ C V ∆T = Cv ∆T  as C V = g − 1
2 M
ρ1 P1 M1 m R 1
or = ⇒ ∆T = mv 2
ρ 2 P2 M 2 M g −1 2

P1 4 M1 2 Mv 2(g − 1)
Here, we have = , = ⇒ ∆T =
P2 3 M 2 3 2R

ρ1 4 2 8 26. (4) In mixture, gases acquire thermal equilibrium (i.e.,

Therefore, = × = the same temperature); hence, their kinetic energies
ρ2 3 3 9
are also the same.
22. (1) We know that, PV
27. (1) We know that n =
1 mN 2 RT
P= v rms
3 V and N = nNA, where NA = Avogadro number.
Therefore,
3kBT
Since, v rms = , we have PVN A
m N=
RT
1 N N
P= × × 3kBT = kBT 1.3 × 105 × 7 × 6.023 × 1023
     3 V V =
8.314 × 103 × 273.15
P = 200 × 109 × 1.38 × 10−23 × 6 = 1.7 × 10−11 Pa = 2.413 × 1023
    

23. (4) We have E ∝ T , but v rms ∝ T . That is, if tempera-

28. (1) Here, T = Temperature in centrigrade scale, K = tem-
ture becomes twice, then the energy becomes two
perature in absolute scale
times:
2 × 6.21 × 10–21 = 12.42 × 10–21 J T = K − 273 → 2T = 2 K − 273 × 2

However, the rms speed becomes 2 times, that is, So final temperature in case (i) = 2K
484 × 2 = 684 m s−1 So final temperature in case (ii) = 2K – 273

Hence, more in case (i).
24. (1) We know that,
29. (4) As we know that vav ∝ T
g RT 5RT vav1 T1 1
v= =
M 3M Therefore, = =
vav 2 T2 2
5R   T −T   ⇒ T2 = 4T
dx = c ⋅ dt = T0 +  L 0  x  dt
3M   L  
Now, since P ∝ T , we have P2 = 4P.

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 490 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

the molecules and the volume occupied by the

3RT1 3RT2
30. (4) Since v1 = v 2 ⇒ = molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume
M1 M2
occupied by the gas.
=
Here, T1 T=
H2 , M 1 =
M H2 and T2 T=
N2 , M 2 M N2.
35. (1) We have
Therefore, we have
 aT 2  c
TH2 TN 2  P + V  V = RT + b
=
M H2 M N2
TH2 300 ⇒ P + aT 2V −1 = RTV − c + bV − c
⇒ =
M H2 14 M H2 ⇒ P = ( RT + b )V − c − (aT 2 )V −1
⇒ TH2 = 21.4 K
 By comparing this equation with given equation,
31. (2) Since we know that P = AV m − BV n , we get m = − c and n = −1
1 mN 2 36. (2) At lower pressure, we can assume that the given gas
P= v rms (1)
3 V PV
behaves as ideal gas; thus, = constant; however,
RT
2
Also, v rms = v x2 + v y2 + v z2 = 3v x2 . But here x-component when the pressure increases, the decrease in volume
of mean square velocity is v2. Therefore, does not take place in the same proportion and so
PV
2
v rms = v 2 . Now, Eq. (1) becomes increases.
RT
1 mN 2 mNv 2 37. (4) 
Due to the reason that there is zero attraction
=P = 3v
3 V V ­between the molecules of ideal gas.

32. (1) For the given gases, we have same volume, same 38. (4) According to Boyle’s law, multiplication of pressure
temperature and same number of moles, therefore and volume remains constant at the bottom and the
from the ideal gas equation, we have top.
P2V2
P1 = P2

Thus, ratio of the pressure will be 1:1.

r
33. (4) 
Since the total energy of the system remains
h
unchanged, we have

U1 = U2

f f  (P1 V1)
⇒ nRT =  ( 3nRT ′)
2 2  If P is the atmospheric pressure at the top of the lake
T and if the volume of the bubble is V, then we have
⇒T′ =
1 1 = P2V 2
3 PV

Also, PV = nRT ( P + hρ g )V0 = PV

P + hρ g 
Therefore, P ′V = 3nRT ′     ⇒ V =   V0
 P
T
P ′V = 3nR
3  ρ gh 
Hence, V = V0 1 +
 P 
On comparing with ideal gas equation, we get
39. (3) 
For a given pressure, volume is more if the
P′ = P temperature is more (Charles’ law).
T
T′ = From the graph, it is clear that V2 > V1. Therefore, T2 > T1.
3
40. (3) In the given graph, the line has a positive slope with
34. (3) At low pressure and high temperature, real gas obey
x-axis and negative intercept on y-axis.
PV = RT, that is, they behave as ideal gas because
at high temperature we can assume that there Thus, we can write the equation of line as
is no force of attraction or repulsion act among y = mx – c  (1)

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 Kinetic Theory of Gases 491

According to Charles’s law, we have From the above equation, we can write as

 V  m
V t =  0  t + V0 Slope of V – T curve ∝
 273  P

By rewriting this equation, we get 45. (3) Since the number of moles remains constant, we
have
 273 
t = Vt − 273 (2) P0V0 P0V0 PV0 PV0
 V0  + = +
RT0 RT0 R 2T0 RT0
 By comparing Eqs. (1) and (2), we can say that the
4 2 P0V0
temperature is represented on y-axis and the volume ⇒ P= P0 ; n =
3 3 RT0
is represented on x-axis.

41. (2) When temperature of the gas increases, it expands. 46. (2) Here, we have P1 = 720 kPa,
Since the cross-sectional area of right piston is more, T1 = 40 ° C = 273 + 40 = 313 K
the greater force works on it (because F = PA). Thus,
the piston moves towards right. P ∝ μT

42. (1) From ideal gas equation, we have P2 μ 2 T2 3 626

⇒ = = × = 1.5
P1 μ1 T1 4 313
PV = μRT
   
⇒ P2 = 1.5P1 = 1.5 × 720 = 1080 kPa
μR
    ⇒ P = T
V 47. (3) According to Boyle’s law, we have
 On comparing this equation with y = mx , the slope
1 1 )bottom = ( P2V 2 )top
( PV
of the line is
μR 4 3 4
tan θ = m = ⇒ (10 + h ) × π r1 = 10 × π r23
   V 3 3
1 However, r2 = 2r1 ; therefore,
That is, V∝
tan θ
(10 + h )r13 = 10 × 8r13

 It means line of smaller slope represents greater
­volume of gas. ⇒ 10 + h = 80

 For the figure shown in the question, points 1 and ⇒ h = 70 m

2 are on the same line and so they represent same
48. (4) We have
volume, that is, V1 = V2 .
PV = μRT
 Similarly, points 3 and 4 are on the same line, they
represent same volume, that is, V3 = V4 . ⇒ P ∝ μ (since V, r and T are constants)
μ1 P1
 However, V1 > V3 (= V4 ) or V2 > V3 (= V4 ) as the slope ⇒ =
μ 2 P2
of line 1–2 is less than 3–4.
10 107
⇒ =
μ 2 2.5 × 106
N
43. (4) PV = RT
NA ⇒ μ 2 = 2.5 kg

N 1 P1 V1 T2 1 Hence, the mass of the gas taken out of the cylinder is

= × × = ×4×2
N 2 P2 V2 T1 2 10 − 2.5 = 7.5 kg

N1 4 49. (4) We know that
⇒ =
N2 1 PV
n=
kT
44. (3) We know that,
( 2P )( 2V ) PV
m Now, n′ = =4 = 4n
PV = RT kT kT
M
n 1
V mR or =
⇒ = n′ 4
T MP

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 492 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

50. (3) We know that 55. (3) 

The range of specific heat capacity varies from
P1 n1 positive to negative and from zero to infinity. It
­
P ∝n⇒ = ­depends on the nature of process.
P2 n2

Now, number of moles of nitrogen is 56. (2) We know that the fraction of the given energy that
1
35 goes to increase the internal energy is .
⇒ n1 = nN 2 = × 1000 = 1250 g
28
 Thus, we can say that the fraction of given energy
Final number of moles when pressure in the tank in- 1
that supplied for external work is 1 − .
creased from 6 atm to 9 atm, is g
1250 3 57. (3) We have the following two states:
n2 = × 9 = 1250 × = 1875
6 2
 • For state A: C P − C V = R , that is, the gas behaves
Therefore, n2 = nN 2 + nO2 as ideal gas.
1875 = 1250 + nO2 • For state B: C P − C V = 1.06 R ( ≠ R ), that is, the gas
does not behave like an ideal gas.
⇒ nO2 = 625 moles
 
We know that at high temperature and at low
Now, amount of oxygen supplied to the tank is given
­pressure, the nature of gas may be ideal.
by
Mass = Number of moles × Molecular weight Thus, we can say that PA < PB and TA > TB .
= 625 moles × 32 g = 20,000 g = 20 kg
 μ1g 1 μ 2g 2   3 × 1.3 2 × 1.4 
 g − 1 + g − 1 (1.3 − 1) + (1.4 − 1)
51. (1) As we know that P ∝ n
58. (2) g mix = 1 =
2
= 1.34
 μ1 μ2   3 2 
2 +
 g − 1 g − 1 +
 (1.3 − 1) (1.4 − 1)
When pressure is 1 atm, n1 =
m1 1 2

2 3 59. (4) As argon is a monatomic gas, its molecules possess

When pressure is 1.5 atm, n = + only translational kinetic energy, that is, share of
m1 m2
P1 n1 translational and rotational energies are 100% and
Therefore, =
P2 n 0%, respectively.
f
1 n1 Mean kinetic energy for μ mole gas is μ ⋅ RT .
60. (4) 
⇒ = 2
1.5 n Therefore,
7
n1 E = μ RT
⇒ n2 = 2
2
 m 7 1 7
3 2 =   NkBT =   NkBT
⇒ = M 2 44  2 
m2 m1 × 2
7
= NkBT (as f = 7 and M = 44 for CO2 )
m1 1 88
⇒ =
m2 3
61. (3) The given velocity of sound is vs = 330 m s −1, ,
.
density of gas, ρ = 1.3 kg m −3 atmospheric pressure,
52. (1) Specific gas constant
Universal gas constant (R ) 8.3 P = 1.01 × 105 N m −2
  r= = = 4.15 J mol−1 K−1
Molecular mass of gas (M ) 2 gP
Substituting these values in vsound = , we get
ρ
53. (2) As we know that g = 1.41.
1 kBT 2
λ= From the relation g = 1 + , we get
2 π d 2P f
1 2 2
 we can write as P ∝ , that is, by increasing l two f= = =5
λ g − 1 1.4 − 1
times, the pressure becomes half.
62. (3) The fraction of energy supplied for increment in
54. (3) For polyatomic gas, the ratio of the specific heat cap­ ­internal energy is
acities (g ) is given by g < 1.33. Because we know that 1 3
the atomicity of gas increases, its value of g ­decreases. = (as g = 5 / 3 for monatomic gas)
g 5

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 Kinetic Theory of Gases 493

Therefore, the percentage energy is 5 7

• For diatomic gases: =f 5=
,CV RT , C P = RT
300 2 2
= 60%
5 3 5
•  For monatomic gases: =f 3=
,CV RT , C P = RT
 The fraction of energy supplied for the external work 2 2
done is given by 3 5
= f 3=
,CV RT , C P = RT
2 2
1 g − 1 ( 5 / 3) − 1 2
1− = = =
g g 5/ 3 5
 Option (1): CP – CV = R, which is same for both the
Therefore, the percentage energy supplied is gases. So, option (1) is incorrect.
2
× 100% = 40% Option (2): For diatomic gas:
5
7 5
CP + CV =  +  RT = 6 RT
5 2 2
3. (3) We have μ1 = 1, g 1 = (for monatomic gas) and
6
3
7 For monatomic gas:
μ 2 = 2, g 2 = (for diatomic gas)
5 3 5
5R C P + C V =  +  RT = 4RT
3R 7R 5R 2 2
C P1 = , C V1 = , C P2 = , C V2 =
2 2 2 2
Therefore, CP + CV is larger for diatomic than mona-
Therefore,
tomic. So, option (2) is incorrect.
( μ1C P1 + μ 2C P2 )
C Pmix μ1 + μ 2 CP 7
  g mixture = = Option (3): For diatomic gas: = = 1.4
C Vmix ( μ1C V1 + μ 2C V2 ) CV 5
μ1 + μ 2
CP 5
For monatomic gas: = = 1.6
μ1C P1 + μ 2C P2 CV 3
=
μ1C V1 + μ 2C V2 So, option (3) is incorrect.

 5R   7R   T  5 
 1 ×  +  2×  Option (4): For diatomic gas: C P ⋅ C V =    ( RT )2
2   2  19  2  2 
= =
 3R   5R  13
 1 ×  +  2×  35 2 2
2   2  = RT
4
64. (1) Molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure is
 3  5 
7 For monoatomic gas: C P ⋅ C V =    ( RT )2
C P = R. Mayer’s relation can be written as follows:  2  2 
2
15
= ( RT )2
Molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) 4
− Mollar specific heat capacityat constant volume (Cv)
Therefore, CP ⋅ CV is larger for diatomic gas than for
= Gas consttant (R)
monatomic gas. So, option (4) is correct.
That is, C P − C V = R ⇒ C V = C P − R
6. (2) For Nitrogen: M = 14 g mol−1 = 0.014 kg mol−1.
6
7 5  7  Given
= R − R = R  since C P = R 
2 2 2
T = 300 K ; P = 1.0 atm; D = 1.5 × 10−10 m;
Hence, the required ratio is kB = 1.38 × 10−23 J K −1
 7 1
R Since λ =
C P  2  7 2nD 2
g= = =
CV  5 5
  R where n = number of moles per unit volume. So,
2

65. (4) Since we know that PN A 1.01× 105 × 6.023 × 1023

=
RT 8.314 × 300
f  f +2
CV = RT ;  C P =   RT
2  2 

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 494 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

Therefore, Therefore,
−23
8.314 × 300 × 10 1.38 × 10−23 × 300
λ= λ=
2 × 1.01× 105 × 1.52 × 10−20 × 6.023 1.4142 × 3.14 × 2.25 × 10−20 × 1.013 × 105
≈ 1.29 × 10−6 m ≈ 1290nm 4.14
λ= × 10−6 = 0.409 × 10−6 = 4.09 × 10−7 m
    10.12
67. (4) Mean free path of nitrogen molecule is
The time taken by the molecule between two suc-
kBT cessive collisions is
λ=
2π d 2 P
λ 4.09 × 10−7
t= = = 0.005 × 10−7 s = 5.0 × 10−10 s
We have v 675
λ 4.09 × 10−7
T = 273 + 27 = 300 K; P = 1.013 × 105 N m −2 ; t= = = 0.005 × 10−7 s = 5.0 × 10−10 s
v 675
d = 1.5 × 10−10 m

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