Building ? ?: UNIT - I: Introduction To Building Materials (Contact Hours: 06)

BMC 1/27/2022
UNIT -I: Introduction To Building Materials

(Contact Hours: 06)
Functions of buildings – Types of building materials – Sustainable

materials in construction - Regulations & Standards –
Fundamental properties and selection of materials.
Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Professor)

Department of Civil Engineering
MVGR C E (Autonomous)
Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 1
BUILDING ? ?
Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 1

BMC 1/27/2022
BUILDING ? ?
 Building is a man-made structure with a roof and walls standing

more or less permanently in one place, such as
a house or factory.
 Buildings serve several needs of society – primarily as shelter

from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store
belongings.
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS

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TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPENCY FINANCIAL GROUP
BUILDING
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
Group – a) Residential Building

Group – b) Educational Building (School, College, etc.)
Group – c) Institutional Building (Hospital, Jails, Prisons, etc.)
Group – d) Assembly Building (Recreation & Cinema Halls, etc.)
Group – e) Business Building (Banks, Offices, etc.)
Group – f) Mercantile Building (Commercial complexes & Malls, etc.)
(will include both retail and wholesale stores)
Group – g) Industrial Building (Workshops, Factories, etc.)
(will include low, moderate and high fire hazards)
Group – h) Storage Building (Stores & Cold storages, etc.)
Group – i) Hazardous (Storage of chemicals & Explosives, etc.)

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CLASSIFICATION BASED ON TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
Type – 1) Structural Components offers 04 hrs. fire resistance

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FINANCIAL GROUP
Low Income Group (LIG) : Built – up area less than 1000 sft.
Medium Income Group (MIG): Built – up area less than 3000 sft.
High Income Group (HIG) : Built – up area more than 3000 sft.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ? ? ?
 Building which provides more than half of its floor area for
dwelling or residence purposes. In other words, Building in
which sleeping and living accommodation is provided for
normal residential purposes, with or without cooking facilities.
CLASSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
HORIZONTAL GROWTH VERTICAL GROWTH

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CALSSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

According to Vertical Growth :
1. House/Dwelling Unit (BHK)
2. Group Houses (G+2)
3. Multi Storeyed (Apartments) (G+5)
4. High Rise (G+10)
5. Sky scrapers
CALSSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

According to Horizontal Growth :
1. Detached Building :
A building with walls and roofs independent of any other
building and with open spaces on all sides.
2. Semi-Detached Building :
A building having one or more side attached with wall and roof
with other building.
3. Row housing :
Three or more dwellings joined side by side
4. Mixed Land Use Building :
A building partly used for non-residential activities and partly
for residential purpose.

BMC 1/27/2022
ACCORDING TO HORIZONTAL GROWTH
OPEN SPACE
OPEN SPACE BUILDING OPEN SPACE
PLOT
OPEN SPACE
DETACHED BUILDING
OPEN SPACE
BUILDING BUILDING
OPEN SPACE OPEN SPACE
BUILDING BUILDING PLOT
OPEN SPACE
SEMI-DETACHED BUILDING

BMC 1/27/2022
OPEN SPACE
OPEN SPACE
OPEN SPACE
BUILDING BUILDING BUILDING BUILDING
PLOT
OPEN SPACE
ROW HOUSING
FUNCTIONS OF BUILDINGS
SHELTER FROM WEATHER
PROVIDING SECURITY
PERSONAL PRIVACY
CREATING LIVING SPACE

BMC 1/27/2022
UNIT -I: Introduction To Building Materials

(Contact Hours: 06)
Functions of buildings – Types of building materials – Sustainable

materials in construction - Regulations & Standards –
Fundamental properties and selection of materials.
Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Professor)

Department of Civil Engineering
MVGR C E (Autonomous)
BUILDING MATERIALS ??
Materials which are used for the civil engineering building

construction purpose are called as building materials.
General Qualities of Building materials are,

1. Strong
2. Durable
3. Long lasting
4. Easy to use
5. Easy available..etc….

BMC 1/27/2022
BUILDING MATERIALS
Natural Available Man Made
TYPES OF BUILDING MATERIALS
1. Cement 8. Bricks
9. Tiles
2. Sand (Fine Aggregate)
10. Paints
3. Coarse Aggregate
11. Glass Items
4. Water
12. Plastic Items
5. Steel or Iron 13. Electrical Items
6. Stones 14. Water supply items
7. Wood or Timber 15. Sanitary Items


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CONVENTIONAL SIGNS
FOR
BUILDING MATERIALS

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SELECTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS
BASED ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
BASED ON DURABILITY PROPERTIES
BASED ON THEIR AVAILABILITY
BASED ON WORKABILITY
GREEN / SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

BMC 1/27/2022
GREEN BUILDINGS ???

1. Green buildings also known as green constructions or sustainable buildings.
2. Sustainability means avoid or reduce the use of natural resources in order to
maintain an ecological balance.
3. Green buildings reserves valuable natural resources and improve our quality of life.
4. In other words, Green buildings are high-quality, healthier and more energy-efficient
structures / homes or units.
5. Green buildings are having more service life and operational performance with
normal environmental impact.
Green Buildings Concept = Service life X Performance
Environmental Impact
OBJECTIVES OF GREEN BUILDING
EFFICIENTLY USING OF NATURAL ENERGY
PROTECTING OCCUPANT HEALTH AND LIVING PRODUCTIVITY
REDUCING WASTE, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT IMPACT.

BMC 1/27/2022
FEATURES OF GREEN BUILDINGS
There are several features which can make a building ‘green’
 Efficient use of energy, water and other resources
 Use of renewable energy, such as solar and wind energy
 Pollution and waste reduction measures
 Enabling of re-use and recycling
 Good indoor environmental air quality
 Use of materials that are non-toxic, workable and maintainable
 Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
GOALS OF GREEN BUILDINGS
1. Select the site so that the building can use maximum natural resources.
2. To design the building in a way that it should use the resources efficiently
3. To use energy efficiently
4. To use water efficiently
5. To use materials efficiently
6. To improve indoor environmental quality
7. To optimize operation and maintenance
8. To reduce waste from the building.

BMC 1/27/2022
NECESSITY OF GREEN BUILDINGS
Green buildings are necessary to replace traditional or conventional buildings,

because these consumes or are responsible for the following,
• 45% of the world’s total energy use

• 50% of all-natural materials and resources
• 50% of wood use in North America
• 33% of the world’s CO2 emission
• 80% of potable water use
• 25% of freshwater withdrawal (including power plants)
• 40% of municipal solid waste produced for local landfills,
• 50% of ozone-depleting CFC’s still in use.
GREEN BUILDINGS vs NON – GREEN BUILDINGS

BMC 1/27/2022
GREEN / SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
GREEN / SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
1. Green materials are materials used for Green building

construction.
2. Green building materials also called as eco-friendly materials
and they are locally available and renewable.
3. Green Building materials are important in designing a green
building, for more efficient and energy saver.
4. GBM are alternative to conventional building materials which
can give a lower impact on the environment.
P.SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 30

BMC 1/27/2022
TYPES OF GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS
1. Rock (or) Stone
2. Mud and Clay
3. Bamboo
4. Glass
5. Rammed Earth
6. Straw Bale and Cork
7. Re-cycled Wood and Plastic
8. Re-cycled Steel
9. Ferrock and Mycelium

BAMBOO AS GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL
1. Bamboo is one of the most
remarkable versatile and
sustainable building materials
available.
2. It grows fast and in a wide range
of climates. It is exceedingly
strong for its light weight and can
be used both structurally and as a
finish material.

BMC 1/27/2022
RAMMED EARTH AS GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL

1. Rammed earth is a technology that has
been used by human civilization for
thousands of years and can last a very long
time.
2. Rammed earth provides several
advantages such as superior thermal mass,
temperature and noise control, strength
and durability, low maintenance, fire
proofing, load bearing and pest deterrence.
3. In this concept, main components are soil,
clay and sand also Very little percentage of
lime and water at the time of construction.
STRAW BALE AND CORK AS GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL
Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses bales of straw

(commonly wheat, rice, and oats straw) as structural elements.
Cork is a great insulating material. It keeps warmer in the winter and cooler in
the summer. It is much more energy efficient than wood flooring. Cork is also
good for sound insulation.
CORK
STRAW-BALE

BMC 1/27/2022
FERROCK AND MYCELIUM AS GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL
• Ferrock is a new material being researched that uses recycled materials

including steel dust from the steel industry to create a concrete-like
building material that is even stronger than concrete.
• Ferrock, a carbon-negative cement alternative which offers a stronger and
greener alternative to standard cement manufacturing methods helps reduce
a significant amount of carbon emission.
• Mycelium is a futuristic building material that’s natural – it comprises the

root structure of fungi and mushrooms.
• Mycelium in concrete, which is capable of organic self-healing, reduces the
need for high price repairs
FERROCK AND MYCELIUM AS GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL
FERROCK
MYCELIUM

BMC 1/27/2022
TYPES OF GREEN CONCRETES
1. Timbercrete
2. Grasscrete
3. Ashcrete
4. Hempcrete
5. Polymercrete
TIMBERCRETE: Timbercrete is an interesting building material made of

sawdust and concrete mixed together. Since it is lighter than concrete, it reduces
transportation emissions, and the sawdust both reuses a waste product and
replaces some of the energy-intensive components of traditional concrete.
Timbercrete can be formed into traditional shapes such as blocks, bricks, and
pavers.
HEMPCRETE: Hempcrete is a concrete made with woody inner fibers of the

hemp plant. The hemp fibers are bound with lime to create concrete-like shapes
that are strong and light. Hempcrete blocks are super-lightweight, which can also
dramatically reduce the energy used to transport the blocks, and hemp itself is a
fast-growing, renewable resource.

BMC 1/27/2022
GRASSCRETE:
• Grasscrete is a method of laying concrete flooring, walkways, sidewalks, and
driveways in such a manner that there are open patterns allowing grass or other
flora to grow.
• While this provides the benefit of reducing concrete usage overall, there’s also
another important perk — improved stormwater absorption and drainage.

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BMC 1/27/2022

UNIT -I: Introduction To Building Materials

Functions of buildings – Types of building materials – Sustainable

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Professor)

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 1

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 2

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 1

 Building is a man-made structure with a roof and walls standing

 Buildings serve several needs of society – primarily as shelter

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 3

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 4

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 2

OCCUPENCY FINANCIAL GROUP

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 5

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY

Group – a) Residential Building

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 6

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 3

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

Type – 1) Structural Components offers 04 hrs. fire resistance

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FINANCIAL GROUP

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 7

CLASSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

HORIZONTAL GROWTH VERTICAL GROWTH

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 8

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 4

CALSSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

1. House/Dwelling Unit (BHK)

2. Group Houses (G+2)

3. Multi Storeyed (Apartments) (G+5)

4. High Rise (G+10)

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 9

CALSSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 10

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 5

ACCORDING TO HORIZONTAL GROWTH

OPEN SPACE BUILDING OPEN SPACE

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 11

ACCORDING TO HORIZONTAL GROWTH

OPEN SPACE OPEN SPACE

BUILDING BUILDING PLOT

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 12

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 6

ACCORDING TO HORIZONTAL GROWTH

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 13

SHELTER FROM WEATHER

CREATING LIVING SPACE

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 14

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 7

UNIT -I: Introduction To Building Materials

Functions of buildings – Types of building materials – Sustainable

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Professor)

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 15

Materials which are used for the civil engineering building

General Qualities of Building materials are,

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 16

Dr.P.Sudheer (Asst. Prof.) 8

Natural Available Man Made

Dr. P. SUDHEER (Asst.Prof) 17

TYPES OF BUILDING MATERIALS

6. Stones 14. Water supply items

7. Wood or Timber 15. Sanitary Items