JESSA MARIE P.

DAUG 11 HUMSS- MARX E- TECH

1st activity
Define the following:
1. HTTP - The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application protocol for distributed,
collaborative, hypermedia information systems that allows users to communicate data on
the World Wide Web.

What is the purpose of HTTP?

- HTTP was invented alongside HTML to create the first interactive, text-based web
browser: the original World Wide Web. Today, the protocol remains one of the primary
means of using the Internet.

How does HTTP work?

- As a request-response protocol, HTTP gives users a way to interact with web
resources such as HTML files by transmitting hypertext messages between clients
and servers. HTTP clients generally use Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
connections to communicate with servers.
HTTP utilizes specific request methods in order to perform various tasks. All HTTP
servers use the GET and HEAD methods, but not all support the rest of these request
methods:

● GET requests a specific resource in its entirety

● HEAD requests a specific resource without the body content
● POST adds content, messages, or data to a new page under an existing web
resource
● PUT directly modifies an existing web resource or creates a new URI if need be
● DELETE gets rid of a specified resource
● TRACE shows users any changes or additions made to a web resource
● OPTIONS shows users which HTTP methods are available for a specific URL
● CONNECT converts the request connection to a transparent TCP/IP tunnel
● PATCH partially modifies a web resource

2. WEBSITE - A website is a set of webpages that are joined together. People look at
websites with a computer of some kind, sometimes including the computer inside
mobile phones and televisions. The websites are kept on computers called web
servers.

Overview
- There is almost always a single homepage which has links to other pages that are
part of that "site". Sometimes it has links to pages that are part of other "sites" as well. (Note
that net jargon uses the word site, which also means a physical place in the real world, to
mean a web URL). A home page serves as the introduction page of a website.
Websites can be used to advertise or sell things. They can also be used to talk to other
people. A blog is a website where the location of the material is less relevant than who writes
it, and which is more focused on dialogue. Very often the people who use blogs dislike the
word "site" since it implies a controlled place. Sites are good for looking up information on the
computer.

Types
[1]
Weblog (also known as blog).

[2]
● Wiki (A website where anyone can edit the pages).
● Content Management System (Software that can edit web pages through a WYSIWYG
editor).
[3]
● Search engine (A website like Google, which you can use to search the web).
[4]
● Social networking sites (Like Facebook, which allows you to interact with friends).

Access
- Users can access any website by using a URL. This is the website address which is shown near
the top of the web browser. The homepage and the rest of the site usually have the same words at the
start of the URL — for instance, pages at the Simple English Wikipedia always start
"http://simple.wikipedia.org/..." but are different after that. However, if a person does not buy a domain
name, the website could be an IP Address. An example of an IP address is 172.217.13.228.

Appearance
- Web sites are usually shown in HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) but are not always
written or kept that way - some use WAP and others use XML.
Website builder software is usually a collection of software tools that allow the construction of
[5]
websites without manual code editing. Several hosted website services have website builder
[5]
software built-in.

3..COM - On the Internet, "com" is one of the top-level domain names that can be used
when choosing a domain name. It generally describes the entity owning the domain name as
a commercial organization. Along with the second-level domain name (for example: "whatis"
in whatis.com), the top-level domain name is required in Web and e-mail addresses.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has overall
responsibility for domain names (as well as for Internet Protocol addresses and many other
Internet parameters). Day-to-day responsibility is delegated to specific registrars, such as
Network Solutions and a number of competing companies for .com, .org, .net, and .edu
top-level domains.

Specific criteria are set forth for the use of the top-level domain name in RFC 1591 - Domain
Name System Structure and Delegation.

The top-level domain names administered by ICANN and its delegate agencies are: com,
edu, gov, int, mil, net, and org. In addition to these, domain name applicants within the United
States may also be able to register a name under a U.S. top-level domain name based on
geography. See RFC 1480 - The US Domain and visit the U.S. Domain Registry for
registration procedures.

Top-level domain names for countries other than the United States are administered by each
country and are based on the ISO-3166 list of country codes.
4. URL ( Uniform Resource Locator )
- Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is another name for a web address. URLs are made of
[1]
letters, numbers and other symbols in a standard form. People use them on computers, to make the
computer fetch and show some specific resource (usually a web page) from another computer (web
server) on the Internet. They do this by typing the URL into a web browser, or more often clicking a
link, for example one on a web page that they are already seeing.
URLs consist of several parts:
● A protocol. Very often, this is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
● Some separation characters: ://
● The other computer's name or address. It is very common for names to start with www.
(which stands for World Wide Web), but the entire name is up to that computer's
administrator.
In some cases, the URL may also contain
● The path to a document or script.
● In the case of a script, additional parameters after a question mark (?)
● Username and password needed to access a certain page
● Some text after a pound sign (#), naming a spot to skip ahead to.
The URL of this page is https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Locator
● https is the protocol
● simple.wikipedia.org is the web site
● /w/index.php is a script. That script gets parameters, title=Uniform_Resource_Locator
A shorter form, called a ("relative") URL, is used when a computer could correctly fill in the full
("absolute") URL from context. For example, of /wiki/URL only works for a link on Wikipedia to this
page on Wikipedia. Absolute URLs can be shared outside of computers, even with little or no
explanation.
URLs is URI. URI is Uniform Resource Identifier. URL vs URI Archived 2017-08-07 at the Wayback
[2]
Machine is basically same. So, you don't need to confuse in it.

Extensions
- These are at the end of the domain name which has a period mark before it. At first there
were six main extensions:

● .com - Commercial use

● .net - network / Internet service provider use
● .org - Organizational use
● .edu - Educational use (Schools and universities)
● .mil - Military use
● .gov - Governmental use
Today, there are many other URL extensions. These are usually either a top level domain or interest
grouping. Each country has its own top level domain, for example, .ca for Canada, .us for the United
States of America or .co.uk for the United Kingdom. Many countries have a government-only
extension, for example the United States uses .gov or .fed.us, .gc.ca for Canada and .gov.uk for the
United Kingdom. Interest group domains would include .tv (television), .pro (professionals) and .xxx
(pornography). These are not used as often as the original extensions.

5. INTERNET - The Internet is the biggest world-wide communication network of computers. The
Internet has millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which
together carry many different kinds of information. The short form of internet is the 'net'. The World
Wide Web is one of its biggest services. It is used by billions of people all over the world.

The Internet was developed in the United States by the "United States Department of Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency" (DARPA). The Internet was first connected in October of
[1]
1969 and was called ARPANET. The World Wide Web was created at CERN in Switzerland in 1990
by a British (UK) scientist named Tim Berners-Lee.
Today, people can pay money to access the Internet from internet service providers. Some services
on the Internet cost nothing to use. Sometimes people who offer these free services use advertising to
make money. Censorship and freedom of speech on the Internet can be controversial.

Services on the Internet

- The Internet is used for many things, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and
other documents of the World Wide Web.
The most used service on the Internet is the World Wide Web (which is also called the "Web" or
“www”). The web contains websites, including blogs and wikis like Wikipedia. Webpages on the
Internet can be seen and read by anyone (unless the page needs a password, or it is blocked).
The second biggest use of the Internet is to send and receive e-mail. E-mail is private and goes from
one user to another. Instant messaging is similar to email, but allows two or more people to chat to
each other faster.
Some governments think the internet is a bad thing, and block all or part of it. For example, the
[2]
Chinese government thinks that Wikipedia is bad, so often no one in China can read it or add to it.
[3]
Another example of the internet being blocked is in North Korea. Some parents and schools block
parts of the Internet they think are bad for children to see.

Dangers on the Internet

- The Internet makes communication easy, and communication can be dangerous too.
People often send secret information, and sometimes other people can steal that information. They
can use the Internet to spread lies or stolen secrets or dangerously bad advice. For example,
Facebook has had some problems with privacy settings.

● Some websites may trick people into downloading viruses that can harm a computer, or
spyware that spies on its users (looks at what they are doing and tells someone else).
[4]
● E-mails can have harmful files with them as "attachments".
 ● In internet chatrooms, people might be preying on others or trying to stalk or abuse them.
● The Internet contains content that many people find offensive , as well as content intended
to be offensive.
● Criminals may steal people's personal information or trick people into sending them
[5]
money.

3 EXAMPLES OF WEB 1.0 AND DEFINE EACH

1. Web 1.0
– Web 1.0 refers to the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution.
Earlier, there were only few content creators in Web 1.0 with the huge majority of
users who are consumers of content. Personal web pages were common,
consisting mainly of static pages hosted on ISP-run web servers, or on free web
hosting services.
In Web 1.0 advertisements on websites while surfing the internet is banned. Also,
in Web 1.0, Ofoto is an online digital photography website, on which user could
store, share, view and print digital pictures. Web 1.0 is a content delivery network
(CDN) which enables to showcase the piece of information on the websites. It can
be used as personal websites. It costs to user as per pages viewed. It has
directories which enable user to retrieve a particular piece of information.

Four design essentials of a Web 1.0 site include:

1. Static pages.
2. Content is served from the server’s file-system.
3. Pages built using Server Side Includes or Common Gateway Interface
(CGI).
4. Frames and Tables used to position and align the elements on a page.
2. Web 2.0
– Web 2.0 refers to world wide website which highlight user-generated
content, usability and interoperability for end users. Web 2.0 is also called
participative social web. It does not refer to a modification to any technical
specification, but to modify in the way Web pages are designed and used. The
transition is beneficial but it does not seem that when the changes are occurred.
An interaction and collaboration with each other is allowed by Web 2.0 in a social
media dialogue as creator of user-generated content in a virtual community. Web
1.0 is enhanced version of Web 2.0.
The web browser technologies are used in Web 2.0 development and it includes
AJAX and JavaScript frameworks. Recently, AJAX and JavaScript frameworks
have become a very popular means of creating web 2.0 sites.

Five major features of Web 2.0

1. Free sorting of information, permits users to retrieve and classify the

information collectively.
1. Dynamic content that is responsive to user input.
2. Information flows between site owner and site users by means of
evaluation & online commenting.
3. Developed APIs to allow self-usage, such as by a software application.
4. Web access leads to concern different, from the traditional Internet user
base to a wider variety of users.

Usage of Web 2.0 –

The social Web contains a number of online tools and platforms where people
share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts and experiences. Web 2.0
applications tend to interact much more with the end user. As such, the end user is
not only a user of the application but also a participant by these 8 tools mentioned
below:Podcasting
1. Blogging
2. Tagging
 3. Curating with RSS
4. Social bookmarking
5. Social networking
6. Social media
7. Web content voting

3. Web 3.0 –
It refers the evolution of web utilization and interaction which includes altering the
Web into a database. In enables the upgradation of back-end of the web, after a
long time of focus on the front-end (Web 2.0 has mainly been about AJAX,
tagging, and another front-end user-experience innovation). Web 3.0 is a term
which is used to describe many evolutions of web usage and interaction among
several paths. In this, data isn’t owned but instead shared, where services show
different views for the same web / the same data.
The Semantic Web (3.0) promises to establish “the world’s information” in more
reasonable way than Google can ever attain with their existing engine schema.
This is particularly true from the perspective of machine conception as opposed to
human understanding. The Semantic Web necessitates the use of a declarative
ontological language like OWL to produce domain-specific ontologies that
machines can use to reason about information and make new conclusions, not
simply match keywords.
Below are 5 main features that can help us define Web 3.0:Semantic Web
The succeeding evolution of the Web involves the Semantic Web. The semantic
web improves web technologies in demand to create, share and connect content
through search and analysis based on the capability to comprehend the meaning
of words, rather than on keywords or numbers.
1. Artificial Intelligence
Combining this capability with natural language processing, in Web 3.0,
computers can distinguish information like humans in order to provide
faster and more relevant results. They become more intelligent to fulfil
the requirements of users.
 2. 3D Graphics
The three-dimensional design is being used widely in websites and
services in Web 3.0. Museum guides, computer games, ecommerce,
geospatial contexts, etc. are all examples that use 3D graphics.
3. Connectivity
With Web 3.0, information is more connected thanks to semantic
metadata. As a result, the user experience evolves to another level of
connectivity that leverages all the available information.
4. Ubiquity
Content is accessible by multiple applications, every device is connected
to the web, the services can be used everywhere.

Difference between Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 –

Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0

Mostly Wildly Portable and

Read-Only Read-Write Personal

Company Community
Individual Focus
Focus Focus
 Live-streams /
Home Pages Blogs / Wikis
Waves

Consolidating
Owning Content Sharing Content
Content

Web Forms Web Applications Smart Applications

Directories Tagging User Behaviour

Page Views Cost Per Click User Engagement

Banner Interactive Behavioural

Advertising Advertising Advertising

Britannica The Semantic

Wikipedia
Online Web
 RDF / RDFS /
HTML/Portals XML / RSS
OWL