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Objects
Everything in Java is within classes and objects. Java objects hold a state, state are variables which are saved
together within an object, we call them fields or member variables.

Let start with an example:

class Point {
int x;
int y;
}

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This class defined a point with x and y values.

In order to create an instance of this class, we need to use the keyword

Point p = new Point();

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new .

In this case, we used a default constructor (constructor that doesn't get arguments) to create a Point. All classes
that don't explicitly define a constructor has a default constructor that does nothing.

We can define our own constructor:

class Point {
int x;
int y;

Point(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
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this.y = y;
}
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}

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This means we can not longer use the default constructor new Point() . We can now only use the defined
constructor new Point(4, 1).
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We can define more than one constructor, so
Point can be created in several ways. Let's define the default
constructor again. Expected Output Show Code Window

class Point { (http://www.dmca.com/Protection/Status.aspx?ID=fd56e7e29e1f43ccbe7ce1023cb5781c)

int x;Copyright © LearnJavaOnline.org. Read our Terms of Use (/tos) and Privacy Policy (/privacy)
int y;
 Point() {
this(0, 0);
Methods
}
We can now define methods on Point .
Point(int x, int y) {
class Point { = x;
this.x
... this.y
// Our =code
y; previously
}void printPoint() {
} System.out.println("(" + x + "," + y + ")");
}

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Point center(Point other) {
Notice the //
usage of the
Returns thekeyword
this here. Wethis
center between can use
pointit within a constructor
the other point to call a different constructor (in
// Notice
order to avoid we are using
code duplication). integer,
It can only bewethewan't get within
first line an accurate value
the constructor.
return new Point((x + other.x) / 2, (y + other.y) / 2);
We also
}
used thethis keyword as a reference of the current object we are running on.
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} we defined
After p we can accessx and y .
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p.x = 3;Code

Public
p.y = 6;
and Private
Although we'll talk about modifiers later on, it's important to understand the different between private and public
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variables and methods.

When using the keyword private before a variable or a method, it means only the class itself can access the
variable or method, when we're using public it means everybody can access it. We usually see constructors
defined as public, variables defined as private and methods are separated, some public and some private.

Exercise
Write a new method in Point called scale , that will make the point closer by half to (0,0). So for example, point (8,
4) after scale will be (4, 2).

Start Exercise

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Expected Output Show Code Window

(http://www.dmca.com/Protection/Status.aspx?ID=fd56e7e29e1f43ccbe7ce1023cb5781c)
Copyright © LearnJavaOnline.org. Read our Terms of Use (/tos) and Privacy Policy (/privacy)
Code Window

Output Window

Run Reset Solution

Expected Output Show Code Window

(http://www.dmca.com/Protection/Status.aspx?ID=fd56e7e29e1f43ccbe7ce1023cb5781c)
Copyright © LearnJavaOnline.org. Read our Terms of Use (/tos) and Privacy Policy (/privacy)