Earth Science - Grade 11

I. Introductory Concept

Did you use water this morning? I am sure you did. All living creatures need water to
live. Everyone in our planet is responsible for preserving water and preventing its pollution.
Children and youth are especially capable of making wiser choices and persuading elder
people to save water and make sure that it is sustainably used and managed. Even the
simplest activities can make a real difference to our world.

Healthy soils are essential for healthy plant growth, human nutrition, and water
filtration. Healthy soil supports landscapes that is more resilient to the impact of drought,
floods or fire. Soil helps to regulate the Earth’s climate and stores more carbon than all of
the world’s forest combined.

Read on and perform the activities prepared for you in this Simplified Module Intended
for Learning Encounter (SMILE) Learner’s Packet.

II. Learning Competencies

1. Explain how different activities affect the quality and availability of water for
home use. (S11ES-Ig-16)
 Cite ways on how these activities can be regulated to improve the quality and
availability of water for human use.
2. Identify human activities, such as farming, construction of structures, and
waste disposal, that affect the quality and quantity of soil.
 Enumerate human activities that affect the quality and quantity of soil.
III. Activities

Activity 1: “Water Has Many Uses” Family Questionnaire

Together with your family, list as many uses of water as you can. Does your family
use water differently in summer and in rainy months? Next, decide on your family’s top
seven (7) uses and list them below.

The ways our family uses water:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

RO_Earth Science_Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 1

“My Family’s Top Seven (7) Uses of Water” (In order of importance - 1 as the most
important)
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________
Pretend with your family that beginning tomorrow you will no longer have running
water in your home. Your family will only be able to get water from a well that is located
four (4) kilometers from your home. You have to walk to and from the well to collect your
water. Plan on how your family will work together to bring the needed amount of water to
your home. Assign a role to each member of the family. (Things to consider: You will need
15 gallons of water. What container size will you use? Do you have younger siblings? Is
everyone in the family capable of making the trip?)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________

Family Member: __________________________ Role/Duties: _______________________

Family Member: __________________________ Role/Duties: _______________________
Family Member: __________________________ Role/Duties: _______________________
Family Member: __________________________ Role/Duties: _______________________
Family Member: __________________________ Role/Duties: _______________________

Analysis

1. Do you think water is wasted with your everyday activities? Why or why not?
2. Why is water considered as a precious resource?
3. Do you think you could spend a whole day without using water? Why or why not?
4. What do you think are our responsibilities concerning water?
5. Why do we need water to lead a healthy and happy life?
6. Do water use habits affect environment and human health? Why or why not?
7. Do you think your family should be more water conscious? What can you do about
it?

RO_Earth Science_Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 2

Abstraction
Water (H2O) is very important. Because
of water, Earth is able to support many
different life forms. In humans, water makes up
between 68% and 72% of the body volume, and
it is so important that we cannot survive longer
than 3 days on average without replenishment.
Clean, drinkable water is more than a precious
resource - it’s crucial to human life.
Unfortunately, population growth and pollution
are threatening to seriously undermine the https://waterqualitytohoku.com/en/%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%96%E5%9B
%9E%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA%E5%B7%A5%E
availability of clean drinking water in many of 5%AD%A6%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B
the world’s major cities. That means that 8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0/
getting clean, pure drinking water to people has
become an increasingly difficult task, requiring cities not only to pay for expensive
treatments, but also to pay for the construction of treatment plants to dole out expensive
treatments.

Because water is such a vital resource, it is important to understand how much is

available, where it comes from, and how to make sure we will have enough drinkable water
in the future.

Here are some of the human activities that is seriously polluting clean water.

Agriculture is a huge contributor to

water pollution, from fertilizers used
for row crops to the manure created
by large-scale animal agriculture.

https://steemit.com/farms/@litzismar/pollution-in-the-
agricultural-sector

RO_Earth Science_Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 3

Fossil fuel production is another
human activity that places
considerable strain on drinking water
and not just because fracking and coal
mining use a great deal of water, but
because their waste products can
pollute groundwater, and therefore
drinking water, as well.
http://www.broadstarwindsystems.com/fossil-fuels/

Mountain top removal mining  -  a

technique where coal mining
companies remove tops of mountains
to reveal coal. It can also degrade the
drinking water of communities that
live near the mining sites.

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2
011/aug/19/mountaintop-removal-mining

Pharmaceuticals - In addition to poop,

sewage, fertilizers, and coal ash,
drinking water might have a drug
problem. Health providers as well as
livestock producers use millions of
pounds of pharmaceutical drugs each
year, and some of those are ending up
in treated drinking water. https://www.cleanwateraction.org/2017/01/11/virginia%
E2%80%99s-last-major-source-untreated-sewage-
dumping

RO_Earth Science_Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 4

Development and land-use changes  -
 or the changing of land from rural to
urban. Considering the degradation of
drinking water in some places, like in
Asia, population density in key
watersheds has expanded rapidly
since the beginning of the 20th
century.
https://news.wisc.edu/changes-in-land-use-climate-and-
agriculture-undermine-efforts-to-clean-up-madison-
lakes/

Each person can do his or her part to conserve water. Simple choices, such as taking
shorter showers and turning off the water faucet when you brush your teeth, are helpful. If
everyone tries to conserve water, we can make a big difference.

Here are some simple ways we can do to help conserve and protect water sources.

1. Use less water. Turn off the water faucet while you brush your teeth and shave.
Take shorter showers. Run the clothes washer and dishwasher only when they are
full.

2. Keep harmful substances out of the water. Do not put hazardous materials,
pesticides, oil, prescription drugs, or personal care products down the drain or toilet.
They will wind up in the bay and other local waterways. Of course, it is better to use
nontoxic products when you can.

3. Keep pipes and water-closet in good condition. Fix leaks and drips. Even a small drip
can waste hundreds of gallons a month. Maintain your septic system fecal matter
from malfunctioning. This system can contaminate beaches or groundwater.

4. Use water-efficient water-closet. If you want to extend the use of an old toilet, you
can save more than a gallon of water per flush if you put a plastic jug filled with
water or pebbles in the toilet tank to reduce the amount of water used.

5. Use water efficiently outdoors. Landscape your yard with native and drought-
tolerant plants. Direct water runoff from your roof to strategic spots of your lawn or
garden.

6. Drive less. Driving affects water quality. That is because exhaust eventually settles
out of the air, often into waterways. By choosing alternatives to driving (public

RO_Earth Science_Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 5

 transit, biking, walking, and carpooling) and bundling your errands, you will reduce
vehicle emissions and help protect our water resources.
Application
“Water Has Many Uses”
Collage Making Activity
Directions:
Create a collage or collection of pictures and images that show the many ways people use
water using the materials listed below.
Materials:
Paper, cardboard or poster-board, magazines, glue sticks or bottles of glue, and scissors.

Activity 2: Human Activities That Affect the Quality and Quantity of Soil

Directions: Read the statements carefully and identify the human activity described in each
item. Choose your answers from the box.

Mining Pollution Tourism development Soil Erosion

Deforestation Overpopulation Terrace cultivation
Fossil fuels Farming Conversion of agricultural land to commercial land

_________________1. The process that erodes, breaks or gradually diminishes things down.
Usually takes place on the surface of soil, rock or dissolved material
from one location of the Earth’s crust.
_________________2. The act or method of modifying the current physical use of a parcel
of agricultural land for a non-agricultural purpose
_________________3. Method of growing crops on slides of hills or mountains by planting
on graduated terraces built into the slope.
_________________4. Refers to the growth and maintenance of the tourism industry in a
given locality.
_________________5. It is the act or process of working the ground, planting seeds and
growing edible plants.
_________________6. The state whereby the human population rises to an extent
exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting.
_________________7. The introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that
cause adverse changes.
_________________8. The largest source of emission of carbon dioxide, which is one of the
greenhouse gases that allows radiative forcing and contributes to
global warming.

RO_Earth Science_Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 6

_________________9. Refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost
for other uses such as agricultural croplands.
_________________10. Extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from
the Earth.

Analysis

4 PICS 1 WORD!

Direction: Identify the word that is common to each set of pictures.

These pictures are related to the human activities that affect the quality and quantity of
the soil.

1. ` 2.

____ _______ ______

3. 4.

_______ _______ __________

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 7
Abstraction

Human Activities that Affect the Quality and Quantity of Soil

Soil erosion- a gradual process that occurs

when the impact of water or wind detaches
and removes soil particles, causing the soil
to deteriorate. Soil deterioration and low
water quality due to erosion and surface
runoff have become severe problems
worldwide. The problem may become so
severe that the land can no longer be
cultivated and must be abandoned. Many https://www.google.com/search?q=soil+ero
agricultural civilizations have declined due sion&source
to land and natural resource
mismanagement, and the history of such
civilizations is a good reminder to protect
our natural resources.

Conversion of agricultural land to

commercial land- Land use conversion is
defined as the act or method of modifying
the current physical use of a parcel of
agricultural land for either a non-
agricultural purpose or the same
agricultural use but other than soil
cultivation as well as growing of crops and
trees.
https://www.google.com/search?q=house+c
onstruction
Terrace cultivation- an agricultural practice
that suggests rearranging farmlands or
turning hills into farmlands by constructing
specific ridged platforms. These platforms
are called terraces. Terracing requires huge
inputs of labor to construct and maintain,
and when not properly maintained, the
effects can be catastrophic. Unmaintained
terraces can lead to mudslides, the
creation of deep galleys and increased soil
erosion, particularly in sandy soils or on
extremely steep terrains. Terracing also

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 8
has been shown to reduce soil quality via
the leaching of important nutrients from https://www.google.com/search?q=terrace+
the soil in some areas. cultivation

Tourism development- Tourism

development consists of many elements
including, but not limited to: developing
and managing private-public partnerships,
assessing the competitors to gain
competitive advantage, ensuring
responsible and sustainable development.
Tourism often put pressure on natural https://www.google.com/search?q=tourism
resources through over consumption. +development

Farming- an activity that takes place on a

farm, and involves biological process such
as growing crops or raising livestock, for the
purpose of harvesting products. Farming
alters the natural cycling of nutrients on
soil. Pesticides, fertilizers and other toxic
farm chemicals can poison the soil. The
detrimental effects of agricultural practices
on soil quality include erosion,
desertification, salinization, compaction and
pollution. https://www.google.com/search?q=farming

Overpopulation- is an undesirable
condition where the number of existing
human population exceeds the actual
carrying capacity of Earth. Overpopulation
is one of the main contributors to many
environmental issues. It will place great
demands on resources and land, leading to
a widespread environmental issues. Below
are some of the issues associated with
overpopulation:
 Farming impacts
 Deforestation https://www.google.com/search?q=overpop
ulation
Pollution- defined as the contamination of
the physical and biological components of
the Earth/Atmosphere system to such an
extent that normal environmental
processes are adversely affected. Unwanted

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 9
chemicals in the soil due to human activities
results to soil pollution. The use of
insecticides and pesticides absorbs nitrogen
compounds from the soil making it unfit for
plants to derive nutrition. Plants may not be
able to grow properly. Various forms of
chemicals produced from industrial waste
are released which affects the quality of the https://www.google.com/search?q=pollutio
soil. n&tbm

Burning of fossil fuels- refers to the burning

of oil, natural gas, and coal to generate
energy. It is used to generate electricity and
to power transportation and industrial
processes. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable
source of energy which contains carbon.
When fossil fuels are burned, they release
carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other https://www.google.com/search?q=burning
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, +fossil+fuels
which contribute to the formation of smog
and acid rain which is very dangerous and
disrupts soil fertility and destroys crop.

Deforestation- refers to the decrease in

forest areas across the world that are lost
for other uses such as agricultural
croplands. Multiple factors either of human
or natural origin, causes deforestation.
Natural factors include natural forest fires
or parasite-caused diseases which can
result in deforestation. The expansion of
agriculture caused nearly 80% of global
deforestation. Deforestation weakens and
degrades the soil. The soil will become https://www.google.com/search?q=deforest
increasingly fragile, leaving the area more ation
vulnerable to natural disasters such as
landslides and floods.

Mining-is the process of extracting useful

materials from the Earth. Some examples of
substances that are mined are: coal, gold
and iron ore. The two major categories of
modern mining include surface mining and
underground mining. Mining can cause
physical disturbances to the landscape,

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 10
creating eyesores such as waste-rock piles
and open pits. Such disturbances may
contribute to the decline of wildlife and https://www.google.com/search?q=mining&
plant species in an area. tbm=isch&ved

Application

Make a 3-day journal about your household activities that may have a positive or
negative impact to the environment. Your output will be rated using the rubrics below.

IV. Scoring Rubrics for Collage Making

Criteria 5 4 3 2
Variety of excellent good variety of adequate limited variety of
pictures variety of pictures used to variety pictures used to
used to pictures used to develop the of pictures used develop the main
develop main develop the main to idea
idea main idea idea develop the
main
idea
Ideas many original several original some original few original ideas
originality ideas in the ideas in material ideas in material in material
interest material display is display is display is evident
display is evident and evident and but not much
evident and stimulate stimulated some interesting
stimulate a interest interest
great
deal of interest
Relevance of materials materials some materials little materials
material selected selected selected is selected is
connected to are all relevant are mostly relevant and relevant and
main idea and relevant somewhat rarely
clearly and connected connected to connected to the
connected to the
to the main the main idea main idea
idea
Visual Impact overall visual overall visual overall visual overall visual
effectiveness impact is very impact is impact is impact is limited
of overall effective effective somewhat
presentation effective

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 11
Scoring Rubrics for Journal Making

Criteria 5 (Excellent) 4 (Good) 3 (Poor)

Content Selected items are Selected items are Selected items are
important and help important and help less important and
make content make content not interesting. The
interesting. The interesting. The details focus on the
details focus on the details focus on the less important
most important less important information.
information. information.
Comprehensibility Can understand all of Can understand Can understand
what is being most of what is less/little of what is
communicated. being being
communicated. communicated.
Grammar, Spelling Journal is highly Journal is highly Inadequate
and Sentence polished; no polished; maximum discussion; more
Structure grammar or spelling of 2-3 grammar or than 4 grammar or
errors. spelling errors. spelling errors.

V. Answer Key

Activity 1:

Answers may vary.

Analysis:

1. Yes, One of the most common way in which I waste water is by leaving the water running
when I brush my teeth, shaving or doing the dishes. I take long showers which waste almost
5 to 10 gallons of water. I do not pay attention about leaky faucet. I wash fruits and
vegetables in running water.

2. Water is precious because of its limited source. It is needed for all living things and must
be managed well to ensure we have enough for our needs and to protect our environment.

3. No, humans can only survive in a short amount of time without water because the body
needs it in every process, including:

 regulating body temperature through sweating and breathing

 supporting in digestion by forming saliva and breaking down food
 moisten mucous membranes
 helps in balancing the pH of the body
 lubricating joints and the spinal cord

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 12
 4. Water is a shared life force. It connects our world, flowing through all in existence in a
never-ending cycle of vitality. I visualize the creeks and rivers as the veins of the earth;
water is the blood of the land. Using this mindset, we can replace the concept of water
as a resource with the undeniable fact that water is the driving force for all life. We
must remember that our imperative relationship with water is not symbiotic. Life needs
water, water does not need life. And in this postulation, we find the absolute and
indisputable need for responsibility. Not responsibility to the water itself, but the life
that relies on it.
5. Answers may vary
6. Answers may vary
7. Answers may vary

Activity 2:

1. SOIL EROSION
2. CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND TO COMMERCIAL LAND
3. TERRACE CULTIVATION
4. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
5. FARMING
6. OVERPOPULATION
7. POLLUTION
8. BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
9. DEFORESTATION
10. MINING

Analysis: 4 PICS 1 WORD

1. SOIL EROSION
2. MINING
3. FARMING
4. TERRACE CULTIVATION

VI. Reflection

Complete the following sentence prompts:

I have learned that …

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 13
 I wish to ask my teacher about…
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

VII. References

K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies with corresponding CG Code, Deped

Curriculum and Instruction
https://www.google.com/search?q=soil+erosion&source
https://www.google.com/search?q=mining&tbm=isch&ved
https://www.google.com/search?q=deforestation
https://www.google.com/search?q=burning+fossil+fuels
https://www.google.com/search?q=pollution&tbm
https://www.google.com/search?q=overpopulation
https://www.google.com/search?q=farming
https://www.google.com/search?q=tourism+development
https://www.google.com/search?q=terrace+cultivation
SLM Science 11 Quarter 1 Earth Science-Water Resources: Waste Generation and
Management SDO Masbate Province – Camata C.

Development Team of the Learner’s Packet

Writer: Mary Grace L. Ebona

Validators/Editors: Manuel Luis F. Teodoro

Elenita P.Fabella
Madilyn B. Povadora
Filomena R. Dela Peña
Rechilda C. Aplacador
Chonelou John J. Loberiano
Nikki Faith A. Bantillo
Athina L. Camila

Layout Artist: Mary Grace L. Ebona

Quality Assurance
Teams: Helen Z. Cornelio
Antonio G. Belmonte, Jr.
Athina L. Camila
Hector M. Panti
Iriga City Division

RO_Science-Grade 11_Q1_LP 5 14