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    Adobe Scan 04 Jul 2021

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    Nibedita Nayak
    1. The orientation of water molecules near an electrode can be either in the "p-up" or "flip-down" position depending on the charge on the electrode. 2. When the charge is positive, the water molecules orient with their oxygen atoms closest to the electrode (p-up position). When the charge is negative, they orient with the hydrogen atoms closest instead (flip-down position). 3. The changing charge on the electrode causes the water molecules to flip between these two orientations as their dipole moments attempt to align with the changing electric field.

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    Adobe Scan 04 Jul 2021

    Uploaded by

    Nibedita Nayak
    14 views6 pages
    1. The orientation of water molecules near an electrode can be either in the "p-up" or "flip-down" position depending on the charge on the electrode. 2. When the charge is positive, the water molecules orient with their oxygen atoms closest to the electrode (p-up position). When the charge is negative, they orient with the hydrogen atoms closest instead (flip-down position). 3. The changing charge on the electrode causes the water molecules to flip between these two orientations as their dipole moments attempt to align with the changing electric field.

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    Chemistry

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    1. The orientation of water molecules near an electrode can be either in the "p-up" or "flip-down" position depending on the charge on the electrode. 2. When the charge is positive, the water molecules orient with their oxygen atoms closest to the electrode (p-up position). When the charge is negative, they orient with the hydrogen atoms closest instead (flip-down position). 3. The changing charge on the electrode causes the water molecules to flip between these two orientations as their dipole moments attempt to align with the changing electric field.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    14 views6 pages

    Adobe Scan 04 Jul 2021

    Uploaded by

    Nibedita Nayak
    1. The orientation of water molecules near an electrode can be either in the "p-up" or "flip-down" position depending on the charge on the electrode. 2. When the charge is positive, the water molecules orient with their oxygen atoms closest to the electrode (p-up position). When the charge is negative, they orient with the hydrogen atoms closest instead (flip-down position). 3. The changing charge on the electrode causes the water molecules to flip between these two orientations as their dipole moments attempt to align with the changing electric field.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    1Exploin woden eleeinoode iwmenaeAion cwith onientaion

    and the p-p-up moclel a cwoden


    Ans. (when wotemmoletule Coveivma the oleutnode
    hn oteopenoting belwe waten
    moletudes and the amelt oluode,
    Thene m hite dupes s unlenackios ei
    beween hu medal ad dhe waden molueles.
    These thnee fowes one openodivt o ony
    dime, v when the, eleinodle us nchag ed.
    Thus, alhough. he oernode ha, mo hange.
    nds,othartton on walen moleue
    These odBnaukive tontesmay ovehicome the
    omes
    otes dhok btndwoien molteulea dnto
    Melwos in he qud phase .

    When he eletodi s choqeo, the


    OMes 0 odimaskton betcweenhe. meal
    e CUOA en molewles still opemate, but un
    add ton , the chonge on dhe melad wiu
    slimulode he cwoten molatul tooviüent
    dhemcwes.
    We hawe seen dhat tuodem molecule
    soweni -

    dipoles- ane ottted by the pmesuta e a


    chonqtd electnode. isount }Mom , dhy
    exis un dhuumo disonnay, bu chose o ud
    hty
    ht Dnden ond Oent. Nos the' dltthnade
    Can be posttivelDn neqatively ohong e.
    The cuoden moleuu dow ollway d e t dn
    he Some Cwoyoetouur they bned poles
    coh a posive aho neqaiv change, dnd
    thu dhein oentotton shoulo depend tn
    the chanqe on the eleuode.
    lhene cn oe dwo miking CondiBions
    bn heMlaton ookcoeen he chang
    oiendadsen
    on
    he olecnode ond. the
    th d poles lodive. do dhe 8tunu
    ton
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    OMSes 0unleri ode tho uhas,a
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    Uigy posik
    dopstes
    opole idus hein poBeial onengy
    otqtng.themsolwu so hot he dpole,
    ,

    AVonbecomes ponalel do the ielou.


    n ohen coonds, dhe cwoteni dpuleApup
    So dkod he oygen atDmsOunL n ' he he
    Conac"with the elertnode, ond dhe
    hdnogen end odhe cuoden potui dto he
    soluion. Ths s the p-up skote. s} the
    oeled cuoden moltelu.
    The. oihen,mifinq, condi tion Octums when
    elenom ane puiped dno he electnodk
    do make v o meahi vely chonged.
    Dw Ae oosts Simple. electnoastr
    Qnquument, dhe ipped p dapolas cw
    dun omo nd and p ddon.Sn sneuw
    sAote, dhe hydwone Qn i n g h e
    elertnode and Ahe oen otom s fowand
    uhe Selutton.
    Elre.:eld elu field
    Symbol fon Symbe
    trp-up dpole flop-down dipole

    Flip-p
    Cwoden molecule
    FLop-doon
    Cwoct er m a l e u l

    (b)
    a The
    p-up oentoaion
    cuote
    bThe lop- down bantakion oa
    moecuit on n elect node.
    We estoblished tho o dhe. dwo nbneme
    pololA most dhe Cwoden moleuds ane
    ethen n the p-up o d n uhe Lop-down
    posti on s.
    twhen he polendial s n uhe neqi Dn %etweuh
    the dwo imAs, not onL the monomou
    Cupp and lop down) twoudd be onpcted,
    oux aluo he oimen spectes. TheMatio
    tht edenodle tovento o dhee hnece
    Conliqn oadiom s obhaincd dh Considerat

    a tolltna eq um Cl:

    Two monomtu toth One dümen widh


    DPPDStte dpole momtht mo n t dpole
    t moletule. St usmade p
    men Awo water
    molculu tnienied in PPosie d . The net
    dpole momut &he m e gnoleuule ds zeo
    Ki
    atHaDads aCHDSol
    k
    A
    (HDa, ads C)a, sol
    Cwhene, HaD)ad monomens on
    *he
    wnehanqed, stana
    2 , d s dmeus o tht
    nchasiqe d une
    Fuom Akhe aloove tcle, mple kinetic
    Considanation s indicote hat h e
    elodive mocuts o monomen s dimens
    on h &tuae olocu nom
    [tHDnds k Cm (1-
    a)-k.,
    dt
    + - - kao
    Ohd,

    [tMla lads.kCa-,ea)-k,ä a
    ka k.Od -
    Cohtne
    Cm Concentnafion e monomen
    CA Cont ent niodion dimen
    m.Pnaukion s othe Sunoue covenod
    b monomeu dmens.

    k's Hepresent nate Cohstouts fon e a nau


    S weConsiden ha
    +, 9a 1

    und thad at. equil:biun he noie o


    s
    polh eacions, i.e. eqn and 2eno,

    then,
    Lka) Om k t k,) - O

    a tkgt k.3) - Ika)


    Equakino heie awo equakions , anol
    Bdoshituing on C1-Ca)

    (1- aka+ k3

    Equodion ves the tovemage dime


    Qs a mion etheode Contants
    One mont Speticokion Con be done to
    uis equadion, Ond tthat us AkD amume

    tho k k-ond that k. k. Then


    eq heuomes

    ka -

    (1-
    nedbing ohen than the
    o kalka
    kalk ds
    Lontount on neortion a in
    eqnO, a Cund Can
    eupneed un exumso ht Aondamd
    Mee ememg chang , Aaa.on the
    oimens on the una
    Om otion '
    om the dsorloe d, monomts, 1,
    -Aa/RRT
    d)a

    hvalue o AG US-H KImol o 243 k,

    Thw, Sudasti tudina is valut n eqn


    Ond Solwiny seuotibn on d»One
    tnds hot 6 8 and D.32
    he vouunes dimeu mo na mers
    9

    n hat Megi on close. t the PzC.


    I ndcoten dhot ot adhe Pzc mosh o
    he Cwodem modetulss aye CumDciated
    4 dimtn. Thenet he. moleculs
    3 h, YLOmotn O mDn bm \ S most
    prolouy ,

    Odeded pahallel do
    2cuare o Hhe
    molocules.
    As the poentiol dht deunodt
    chougs
    o posiive voluu, dhe dimems oreou
    unoinale Cwaden moltwle. eno, koqelher
    cotth. he monome, they tond
    Coith heih oyaens clpse he
    elettnode, in the
    p-ppost kion.

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