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Christopher G. Reddick, PhD

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1. Public administration—Data processing. 2. Information technology—Political aspects. 3. Internet in public
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This book is dedicated to Cathy Obien.





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Contents
Preface xi
About the Author xiii
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ChapterLLC © Jones
1 Public Administration & Bartlett Learning, LLC
and Information
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Chapter Objectives 3
Introduction 3
What Is Public
© Jones Administration
& Bartlett and IT?
Learning, LLC © Jones4& Bartlett Lea
Theories
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Why Study IT in Public Administration? 6
Differences Between Public and Private Sectors 7
Framework for Understanding IT and
© Jones & Bartlett
Public Learning, LLC
Administration © Jones & Bartlett Learning,
10 LLC
Summary NOT FOR SALE OR 13 DISTRIBUTION
Discussion Questions 13
PART I The External Environment 15

Chapter 2 E-Democracy
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Introduction 18
Framework for Conceptualizing E-Democracy 19
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E-Democracy Theories Learning, LLC © Jones 20& Bartlett Lea
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Trust SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
Government NOT FOR 23 SALE OR D
ICT and Politics 24
Political Campaigns 25
E-Voting
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SocialOR
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v
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vi Contents
Open Government 34
The
NOT Internet and theOR
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Presidential NOT FOR SALE OR DI
Campaign 37
Summary 41
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E-Participation NOT FOR SALE OR45 DISTRIBUTION
Introduction 46
Framework for Understanding E-Participation 47
& Bartlett Learning, LLC Perspectives on E-Participation
Additional © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC50
Internet and Civic EngagementNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 51
Digital Divide 56
Policymaking Process and ICT 61
E-Rulemaking 64
Web
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Technologies
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E-Participation NOT FOR65 SALE OR DI
Summary 71
Chapter
© Jones & Bartlett4 E-Governance
Learning, LLC 73
Chapter
NOT FOR SALE ORObjectives
DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR 74 DISTRIBUTION
Introduction 74
E-Governance Defined 75
Models of E-Governance 77
E-Governance and Citizens © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC81
E-Governance and OrganizationalNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
Change 82
Transparency 83
New Public Management 84
New Public Service 85
E-Governance and Service Delivery
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Street-Level Bureaucrats 86
Geographic Information Systems 90
Citizen Relationship Management 90
Case Studies of CRMLLC
Adoption © Jones & Bartlett Learning,
91 LLC
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Summary DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
93

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Contents vii
PART II The &

© Jones Internal Environment
Bartlett Learning, LLC 95& Bartlett Lea
© Jones
Chapter 5 Leadership and Management 97
Introduction 98
Differences
© Jones & Bartlett Between LLC
Learning, Public and Private Sector© Jones & Bartlett Learning,
99 LLC
Leadership NOT FOR SALE OR101 DISTRIBUTION
Management Support Systems 102
Public Managers Perspectives 103
Chief Information Officers 104
Major Federal IT Laws 108
Planning for Public Information Systems 110
Summary 112
Chapter 6 E-Government
NOT FOR and Organizational Change NOT FOR
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Introduction 116
Bureaucracy and ICT 117
Computing LLC
and Bureaucratic Power © Jones & Bartlett 117
Learning, LLC
IT and Organizational Structure NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
119
IT and Administrative Reform 120
E-Government as a Management Strategy 121
E-Government Evolution 123
E-Government Benefits and Challenges 125
E-Government Effectiveness Survey of Public Managers 127
Summary 131
Chapter 7 Enterprise
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Introduction 136
Public Management Information Systems 137
Enterprise LLC
Architecture © Jones & Bartlett Learning,
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Federal Enterprise Architecture NOT FOR SALE OR139 DISTRIBUTION
Interoperability 144

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viii Contents
Strategic Factors 145

Enterprise
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Cloud Computing 147
Project Management IT Projects in Public Sector 147
Information Systems Success and Failures 148
Information SystemsLLC
Success and Users © Jones & Bartlett 150
Learning, LLC
E-Government Projects NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
152
Framework in IT and Public Administration 154
Summary 155
PART III Major Issues 157
Chapter 8 E-Procurement, E-Commerce, and

© JonesOnline
Financial LLC
Reporting © Jones
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Objectives NOT FOR
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Introduction 161
E-Procurement Background 161
E-Procurement Growth Model 162
NOT FOR SALE Adoption of E-Procurement
OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR166 DISTRIBUTION
Governance Structures and Technologies Used
for E-Procurement 167
Shared Services 170
Outsourcing
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Online Financial Reporting NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 173
Public Sector E-Commerce 174
Summary 176
Chapter 9 Human Resources Information Systems 179
Introduction 180
Evolution LLC
of IT in HR © Jones & Bartlett Learning,
180 LLC
Virtual HR NOT FOR SALE OR181 DISTRIBUTION
HRIS Importance for Public Managers 182

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Contents ix
Strategic Orientation of Information Systems and HR 182

HR
NOTRoles
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Information Systems
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Common Technologies Used 187
Telework 193
IT Workers and Government 193
© Jones & Bartlett
Summary Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett 195
Learning, LLC
Discussion Questions NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
195
Chapter 10 Information Security and Privacy 199

Chapter Objectives © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC
200
Introduction NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 200
Information Security and Privacy in
Public and Private Sectors 201
Information Privacy 201
Policy Instruments to Enhance Information Security © Jones203& Bartlett Lea
Environmental Factors and Preparedness 205
Management and Information Security 207
Employees and Information Security 209
Information
© Jones & Bartlett SecurityLLC
Learning, Threats and Controls © Jones & Bartlett 210
Learning, LLC
Cybercrime and Cybersecurity NOT FOR SALE OR215 DISTRIBUTION
Summary 219

References © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC
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Index NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 241


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Preface
Public Administration and Information Technology explores the important influence
of information technology (IT) on public sector organizations as well as the major
issues that public administrators need to know concerning the impact of IT on their
& Bartlett Learning, LLCSpecifically, there is an ©
organizations. Jones &ofBartlett
examination Learning,
the external environment LLCthat
influences IT and public administration NOTsuchFOR SALE ORe-participation,
as e-democracy, DISTRIBUTION and
e-governance. There is also a discussion of the internal environmental issues of IT
and public administration such as leadership, organizational change, and enterprise
architecture. Finally, some of the most important issues in the domain of IT and
public administration are examined: e-procurement, e-commerce, human resources,
privacy, and information security. This book takes a sociotechnical perspective,
arguing that an understanding of both the external and internal environments, NOT FOR and SALE OR DI
the technology used, is needed to grasp the most important issues in the realm of IT
and public administration.
Public Administration and Information Technology is essential reading for those
© Jones & Bartlett
teaching Learning,
courses in IT andLLC
public administration. It can© Jones & Bartlett
also be used Learning, LLC
as a supple-
NOT FORmentary
SALEtextbook for courses that explore innovation in NOT
OR DISTRIBUTION publicFOR
sectorSALE
reform through
OR DISTRIBUTION
the use of IT. This book could be used in a management information systems class
where the importance of public sector IT is stressed. Finally, this book is ideal for
practitioners who want the latest research on IT and public administration. Chapter
objectives and discussion questions are included in each chapter. Additionally, the
main pointsLLC © Jones
of each chapter are demonstrated & Bartlett
within opening and Learning,
closing case LLC
stud-
R SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOTisFOR
ies. Particularly innovative in this textbook SALE
the use OR research
of survey DISTRIBUTION
infused in
each chapter that delves into the important issues of IT and public administration.
Survey research provides real-world relevance to many of the issues discussed in
the chapters. Finally, Public Administration and Information Technology examines
both the external&and
© Jones internal Learning,
Bartlett environment,LLC
bridging the research on IT © andJones
politics& Bartlett Lea
with NOT
the study of the bureaucracy,
FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION which are both essential to the field
NOTpublic
of FOR SALE OR D
administration.
Christopher G. Reddick
San Antonio, Texas
xi
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NOT FOR SALE
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About the Author

Christopher G. Reddick is an associate professor and Chair of the Department of
Public Administration at the University of Texas at San Antonio, USA. Dr. Reddick’s
research and teaching interests are in information technology and public sector or-
ganizations. © Jones
Some of his publications can be found&in Bartlett Learning,
Government InformationLLC
Quar-
R SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORJournal
terly, Electronic Government, and the International SALEofOR DISTRIBUTION
Electronic Government
Research. Dr. Reddick recently edited the two-volume book entitled Handbook of
Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation: Com-
parative Studies. He is also author of the book Homeland Security Preparedness and
Information Systems.


xiii
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& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

R SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR

R SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Technology

Christopher G. Reddick, PhD

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Lea

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Lea

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© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Lea

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© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Lea

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Lea

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

& Bartlett Learning,

PART I The External Environment 15

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

PART II The &

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

Strategic Factors 145

Chapter 8 E-Procurement, E-Commerce, and

& Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

Strategic Orientation of Information Systems and HR 182

Chapter 10 Information Security and Privacy 199

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© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Lea

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About the Author

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PART I The External Environment 15

Strategic Factors 145

Chapter 8 E-Procurement, E-Commerce, and

Strategic Orientation of Information Systems and HR 182

Chapter 10 Information Security and Privacy 199