Analyze

Dr. Abhishek Narain Singh

Why to Analyze?
• To look at the problem from a different perspective
• To identify the ‘real issue’ or root cause of the problem
• To unearth the hidden issues

Techniques: Various method can be used:

• 5 WHYs
• Fish-bone analysis
• Conflict of interest analysis
5 WHYs
• Developed by Toyota in 1930s.

• Based on Toyota’s "go and see" philosophy, i.e. decision making is based on
an in-depth understanding of what's actually happening on the shop floor.

• Take a problem and ask ‘why’ multiple times to get to the root cause of the
situation/problem.

• It may have a single lane of inquiry, or multiple possible causes may have
multiple lanes.

• No rigid criteria to go for 5 levels. Stop at a level when no further drill-

down is possible.
Example:
Why do
students need
to share notes?

5 WHY (multi-lane)
Conflict of Interest
Arises because of:
• Contradicting situations
• Want to have best of both the words

• ENV (Element Name Value) Method

Example 1: The Three Musketeers
Porthos
• Fearless swordsman
• Doesn’t like to be touched

• Likes to have good and fancy dresses

• Likes to party – food, especially good
wine
• Popular among the women – have
many mistresses

Porthos
You are Portho’s Tailor
Tailor’s Conflict
Solutions
• Take Portho’s older clothes [Anurag]
• A lady tailor taking the measurements [Ria]
• Someone similar in built of Porthos [Ria]
• Trial of different size clothes [Anurag]
• Use a laser scale to take measurement [Maitrika]
• Use the mirror reflection of Porthos [Anurag]
What’s your conflict?
- derive a conflict of interest situation from your design thinking
challenge
Example 2: Students’ Sharing of Notes
• Many subjects to study
• Every subject has multiple notes
• Every student has different pace of learning
• Every teacher has different style of teaching

Challenge: In classroom, focus on listening and understanding the concepts

OR take down notes?

Hence, incomplete (or poorly taken) notes, leading to sharing of notes

among students.
Thank You!