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Grade 10 STE- RESEARCH 4

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
EVALUATING THE RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH PAPER

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Grade 10 STE- Research 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Evaluating the Results and Discussion of Research
Paper
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Sorsogon

Schools Division Superintendent – Jose L. Doncillo, CESO V
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent – Ma. Jeany T. Abayon
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief – Rolando F. Embile
Education Program Supervisor (Science) – Michelle H. Guadamor

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITERS: ALLAN D. FUASO

EDITORS: JASMIN P. NACION

REVIEWERS: ERNESTO B. GILE JR.

JAMELY C. DACILLO
WELIMEN C. OSEO
MICHELLE H. GUADAMOR

LAYOUT ARTISTS: ALLAN D. FUASO

ERNESTO B. GILE JR.

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 10
GRADE 10 STE- RESEARCH 4
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Evaluating the Results and Discussion of
Research Paper

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 Most Essential Learning Competency

Utilizes the Standards (Criteria or Checklist) in Evaluating

Research Paper

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 Evaluating the Results and
Discussion of Research Paper

Introduction

In the previous module, you were able to

utilize the standards through criteria or checklist in
evaluating the materials and methods of a
research paper. You did some task and exercises
through which you were able to gain insights about
the processes involved in a scientific research or
investigatory project.
In this module, you will learn how to utilize
the standards through criteria or checklist in
evaluating the results and discussions of a
research paper. Understanding this process will
help you improve your research writing skills and
identify the most relevant information and
supplementary ideas as well as formulating a
rubric.

Most Essential Learning

Competency & Objectives

In this module, you will utilize the standards (criteria or checklist) in evaluating
research paper. Specifically, you should be able to:
1. Utilize the standards (criteria or checklist) in evaluating results and
discussions of a research paper for peer evaluation; and
2. Utilize the standards (criteria or checklist) in evaluating results and
discussions of a research paper for group evaluation.

Duration: 5 meetings

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 Pre-Test

Before we start our lesson, try to answer these

five (5) questions below.

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter

corresponding to the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is true about the results of an

experiment?
a. Contains summary of literature reviewed.
b. Practical suggestions for implementation of findings.
c. Findings are presented in appropriate tables or graphs.
d. Statement about the correlation of the independent and independent
variable.
2. What elements could be included in the results and discussion section?
a. Tabular data c. Summary of findings
b. Research timeline d. Graphical representations
3. Which of the following is not a purpose of the discussion section?
a. Test the hypothesis
b. Critically evaluate and explain the results
c. Attempt to answer the research questions
d. review your findings in the context of the literature and the existing
knowledge about the subject
4. How should the discussion of the results be written or presented?
a. Discuss the positive results only
b. Set aside the impact of the results
c. Discuss the weak and strong points
d. Evaluation shall include only few chosen data
5. How should the results section be written or presented?
a. Include the positive results only
b. Notes and interviews and rephrased
c. Include suggestions on reversing negative results
d. Show the most relevant information in graphs, table, and figures

Did the test puzzle you a bit? It’s okay if

you’re not yet sure with your answers. As
you go on with this module, you will learn
and find out if you’re answers are correct.
So buckle up and get ready with your
journey.

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 Learning Activities

E licit/ Engage
Before we start our lesson for this module, let
us review the categories of investigatory
projects and the important components of a
thorough research paper.

At this point, your novel research idea has reached the critical
part. The findings of your research must be interpreted carefully as it
encloses the gist of the study. The soundness of your discussion relies
on the correspondence of your presented results to the problem being
addressed.
As a young researcher, your idea about the fields of science that are available
for your reference may be limited to what you have observed around you.
Perhaps you have the idea of the key elements of each part of the research
paper. Kindly provide the relevant information being asked as you go on with this
discussion.

Write your research title or topic in the space provided.

Research Title/Topic:

Kindly enumerate the elements that you expect to see in the results and discussion
section of a research paper.

Results
1.
2.
3.
4.

Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.

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 Like many other researchers, you must have followed the guidelines on the
format as required. You may have included in your research paper the data in
tabular form and graphical representation aside from the interpretation in text format.
As per instruction, you may have already considered to include the calculations of
your statistical data.
Does the content and organization of your write-up match with the standards?
How will you check the correctness of the format that you used?

E xplore
Let us find out whether your research paper
has passed the requirements. Let us
discover a useful way of evaluating a
research paper and identify points for
improvement. In this module we, will be
using a rubric to evaluate a research paper.

What is a rubric?
A rubric is simply a scoring guide to evaluate the quality of
either performance task or a written output such as a research plan.
It is a tool that has set the criteria and description of the expected output with a
corresponding point or descriptive rating based on performance level. It shall be
used with mutual agreement between the rater (expert) and the ratee (student
researcher). A checklist is also very useful in evaluation. It serves as guide for the
writers as well. For this module, a checklist will be the basis for evaluation of the
results and discussion.
Based on the content and characteristics that you have written previously, you
already have a list of criteria to start with. Below is a checklist for evaluating the
results and discussion section of a research paper.

Results and Discussion

Comments
Checklist Yes No
(Why?)
1. Are the results organized?
2. Are the results processed?
3. Are all the tables and graph properly and
completely labeled?
4. Is the discussion of the results organized?
5. Is the discussion of the results processed?
6. Is the discussion of the results relevant to
the data collected?

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 Using this checklist, a judge shall evaluate the points in the sections which
may have weak and/or strong points. In addition, the evaluator may include
comments that will support the judgment on the presented data in phrases or
sentences.

Activity 1: Let’s Practice

Now, you will evaluate a sample results and

discussion of research paper using the
checklist.

Direction: Below is a sample Results and Discussion from a

research. Read it thoroughly and evaluate it using the checklist
table that can be found in the succeeding page. You may add
comments or explanation as justification for your choice of
response.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Another significant finding of this study was that 80% of respondents found mobile
phones are distracting in learning environments. This result differs from other similar
studies. According to Lau (2011), staff was increasingly using mobile technologies in
tutorials and saw them as a valuable addition to the classroom. Further to this,
mobile technology has the potential to become a critical tool for teaching (Bond
2010). This difference suggests that the technology can be used effectively if it is
integral to the learning process. However, if it is used as a distracting social tool in a
tutorial, control of its use is justified (*RMIT University Learning Lab 2020.

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 Results and Discussion

Checklist Yes No Comments (Why?)

1. Are the results
organized?

2. Are the results

processed?

3. Are all the tables and

graph properly and
completely labeled?

4. Is the discussion of
the results organized?

5. Is the discussion of
the results
processed?

6. Is the discussion of
the results relevant to
the data collected?

At this moment, you may now review

and evaluate a copy of your research
paper in the results and discussion
section. Let us do it in the next
activity.

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 Activity 1: Let’s Evaluate!

For this activity, you will evaluate your own

research paper together with your teammates.

Directions: As per instruction, an investigatory project can be

done individually or by a group of three (3). For a group project, all
members shall evaluate the same research paper individually.
Each member shall get a copy of the results and discussion
section of your research paper. Use the checklist below and evaluate your paper.
Write your research title or topic in the space provided.

Research Title/Topic:

Results and Discussion

Checklist Yes No Comments (Why?)

1. Are the results organized?

2. Are the results processed?

3. Are all the tables and graph
properly and completely
labeled?
4. Is the discussion of the
results organized?
5. Is the discussion of the
results processed?
6. In the discussion of the
results relevant to the data
collected?

Now, you already have the idea on how the

results and discussion of a research paper is
evaluated. Take note that although there are
several judges, they all use the same standard
set of criteria for judging.

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 E xplain
You just evaluated your own research paper. As you have assessed your own
paper, there are noticeable errors that may be observed by one judge but not the
others. Hence, a conference after individual evaluation is crucial to the evaluation
process.
The Results and Discussion section is said to be the “heart” of the research
paper because it contains the data and findings of the study. The most critical part of
the research paper is the presentation of the results and the discussion of the
relevant information. Evaluating the paper is more than noticing the technicalities
and format of how the data is written and analyzed.
How should the results section be properly written? How the result is properly
analyzed for a comprehensive discussion?
The reports on the findings based on the information gathered throughout the
entire research process are all found in the results section. It should be presented in
a logical sequence with complete details without attempting to interpret the data. The
data should be presented according to the hypothesis statements. Whether the
results confirm or reject the hypothesis, it should be included as it might suggest
substantial information that may explain the occurrence of the error therefore
changes in the methods may be possible. It should be written in past tense as it is
written after the observation and experimentation is done. The observations in the
findings of the experimentation constitute your contribution to knowledge building.
Your ability intertwine your results with those of other researchers and discuss the
significance of such findings affords a very fulfilling and challenging experience. The
results highlight interrelationships between the observed data and relationship to the
whole research problem. While the discussion which is developed from these
interrelated findings emphasizes the meaning of these relationships eventually
leading to the conclusion. Moreover, this section of the research paper provides
basis for recommendations for further research and applications.
Tables and figures like graphs, diagrams, and other forms of illustrations are
commonly used to present experimental results or data. These different forms of
presentations are preferred because they show the readers the information easily
and clearly. By using these figures, any form of relationship and or patterns can also
be spotted and grasped easily by the readers. Data presentation is followed by the
analysis and discussion of data. Data will not speak for themselves. They need to be
analysed and discussed to gain significance. Analysis of data involves explanation of
observed trends or patters and other forms of interrelationships between variables.
Deviation from hypothesized relationships between variables must also be
explained.
The discussion section is where the interpretation of the results is stated. It
shall be written in this section how the processes of the study light the way to finding
answers to the research problem. It should state the comparison of the figures and
info graphics presented in the results section. The meaning of the collected data is
interpreted concisely while exploring the underlying meaning of the research. It shall
be strictly factual thus; biases or personal views cannot be included.
As a writer, it should be a constant reminder that plagiarism and fabrication of
data is a research malpractice and is strictly prohibited in any level of study. For this
reason, a checklist for the other sections of the research paper is crafted separately.

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 You are almost at the end of this module; the last
challenged for you will be the chance to evaluate the
Results and Discussion of your classmate’s
researches. For this activity, you shall refer to the
research paper of other groups. Take time to confer
with each other about the findings of your evaluation.

E laborate/ Extend
Directions: Exchange a copy of the research paper with other groups. Use this
checklist and evaluate their paper. Be sure to provide
comments/explanations for your evaluation. Write the research title or
topic in the space provided.

Research Title/Topic:

Results and Discussion

Checklist Yes No Comments (Why?)

1. Are the results
organized?
2. Are the results
processed?
3. Are all the tables and
graph properly and
completely labeled?
4. Is the discussion of the
results organized?
5. Is the discussion of the
results processed?
6. In the discussion of the
results relevant to the
data collected?

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 Vocabulary List

Factual information and statistics collected together for reference or

Data
analysis
Making up data, so reporting on experiments that never happened
Fabrication or patients that never existed
Graphical A graph or a chart that show the relationship or correlation of
representation variables as a result of the experimentation.
The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and
Plagiarism presenting them as one's own
Tabular data Data presented using a table to show results with minimal text.

Post-Test

E valuate
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter corresponding to the
correct answer.
1. What tool is used to evaluate the results and discussion of a research paper?
a. Rubric c. Statistical tool
b. Tabular data d. Graphical representation
2. Which of the following is not a good characteristic of a results section?
a. Presents results in plain text.
b. Shows a comprehensive table of results
c. Shows the impact of the experimentation on the variables
d. All data is obtained through the experiments conducted in one
particular study.
3. What is the consequence if the data is fabricated?
a. The research presentation will pursue
b. The research paper will be denied
c. It will not affect the study
d. The discussion section will make up for it
4. Which of the following should be avoided when presenting the results?
a. Analyzing the negative results for substantial information
b. Present the relevant information in graphs, table, and figures
c. Saving the interpretation of the results for the discussion section
d. Discuss background information or attempting to explain the findings

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 5. What problem should be avoided in the discussion section?
a. Discuss the positive results only
b. Thorough evaluation of the data
c. Discuss the weak and strong points
d. Discussion of the effect and impact of the results

Answer Keys

Pre-Test Answer Keys

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D

Learning Activities Answer Keys

Activity 1
Results
1. Has complete data presented
2. Has the comparison of the variables before and after experiment
3. Has tables and graphs
Discussion
1. The results is interpreted properly
2. Emphasizes the congruence of the results and the hypothesis
3. Relates the results to the concept and theory relating to the study

Activity 2 and 3
Answers may vary depending on the topic to be evaluated and the judgment of the
researcher who will evaluate a research paper using the same rubric.

Post-Test Answer Keys

1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A

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 References

Anderson, “Research Methods” Fall 2000, Accessed July 2020,

https://web.engr.uky.edu/~rsouley/resources%20for%20students/Research%2
0Proposal%20Rubrik.pdf

Eliesbik, “What is Research Misconduct? Part 3: Fabrication” May 29, 2019,

Accessed July 2020, https://scienceintegritydigest.com/2019/05/29/what-is-
research-misconduct-part-3-fabrication/

Freepik Company S.L., 2019-2020, Accessed July 2020,

https://www.freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/checklist

Intel, “International Science and Engineering Fair Guidelines” 2019

Logopik, “Multicolor Digital Idea Vector Logo” 2019, Accessed July 2020,
https://www.logopik.com/item/multicolor-digital-idea-vector-logo/

Pickton, M., (2013) “Writing your research plan.” In: Grant, M. J., Sen, B. and Spring,
H. (eds.) Research, Evaluation and Audit: Key Steps in Demonstrating Your
Value. London: Facet Publishing. Accessed July 2020
http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/5703/1/Pickton20135703.pdf

Research Stream, 2019, Accessed July 2020, https://researchstream.ca/

RMIT University, “Learning Lab” Accessed August 2020,

https://emedia.rmit.edu.au/learninglab/content/resultsdiscussion

Sacred Heart University Library, “Organizing Academic Research Paper” Accessed

August 2020, https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185931

Toolshero, Accessed July 2020, https://www.toolshero.com/innovation/

Western Illinois University, “Research Paper Writing” Accessed August 2020,

https://wiu.libguides.com/c.php?g=295539&p=1970526

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