Research Methodology

Mentor: Ms. Mudra Gandhi

By Anjali Parameswaran
BDESF2020009
Fashion Design (MIT ID)
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
❑ Define Ethnographic Research

❑ Understand Process of Ethnographic Research

❑ Enhance Observation Skills and Sensibility towards culture and sub-cultural

cultural groups

❑ Get basic understanding of Qualitative & Quantitative Research Methods

❑ Learn to gather Secondary Information

❑ Learn to conduct Semi-structured Interviews

❑ Learn basic data-analysis techniques

❑ Learn to add In-text Citation & Bibliography for quotations and images as per
Harvard Research Method
ASSIGNMENT-1

TRAVEL THROUGH
THE TEXT
Objective:
Read one article/blog on fashion everyday to get
acquainted to the jargon and be prepared for
conducting secondary research.
An article a day, keeps the double Dutch
away!

Figure 1. Compilation by Anjali parameswaran, 24th September, 2020

LIST OF ARTICLES (CONTINUED ASSIGNMENT)

Figure 2. screenshot by Anjali Parameswaran, 24th September, 2020

ASSIGNMENT-2

LOVE LETTER
Objective: Write a love letter to one of the favorite
products to-
1. Consciously understand your attachment and
sensitivity for the products you often use.
2. Assess writing skills.
Figure 3.To my Precious Candy, by Anjali Parameswaran,7th September, 2020 Figure 4. Candy by Anjali Parameswaran, 7th September, 2020
ETHNOGRAPHIC
ETHNOGRAPHIC
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
Objective: Understand Ethnographic Research Method
 WHAT IS ETHNOGRAPHIC
RESEARCH?
❑Ethnographic research is a qualitative
research approach that involves
observing variables in their natural
environments or habitats in order to
arrive at objective research outcomes.
❑ ethnographic research has its roots in
ethnography which is the in-depth study
of people, cultures, habits and mutual
differences.
❑This research provides an in-depth
insight into the user’s views and actions
along with the sights and sounds they
encounter during their day
❑ It provides the researcher with an
understanding of how those users see the
world and how they interact with
everything around them. Figure 5, Ethnographic Research by Center of Ethnographic Research
fromhttps://cer.berkeley.edu/, 24th September, 2020
 HISTORY OF ETHNOGRAPHIC
RESEARCH
• Derived from the Greek word εθνος
(ethnos)meaning- a company—graphy - a field
of study; (thus the meaning )(Geertz 1973).

• Ethnography was developed by Gerhard

Friedrich Muller (a professor of history and
geography)

• He was working in the second Kamachatka

Expedition in 1743-44 (Vermeulen 2008).

• The term was introduced into academia by

August Schlozer and Christoph Gatterer in an
attempt to understand world history.
Figure 6,History of ethnography by Google images from
https://www.google.co.in/imghp?hl=en&tab=ri&ogbl,26th September 2020
 KEY FEATURES
❑Subjects are researched in a natural
setting, rather than a laboratory
❑ The research demands close, face to
face interaction within the researcher
and the participants.
❑ Produces an accurate reflection of
perspectives and behaviours
Ethnography consists of inductive,
interactive and repeated collection of
unstructured data and analysis to
build local cultural theories.
❑ Data are mostly collected from
fieldwork experiences
❑ It uses multiple methods of data
collection like interview,
observation, reviewing artefacts and
visual materials
❑ The research frames all human
behavior and belief within a socio-
political and historical context.
❑ Culture is used as a lens to
interpret results
❑ Emphasizes on exploration of the
nature of particular social
phenomena.

LIVE AND WORK
Also known as naturalism, live and work is an
ethnography research technique in which the
researcher observes the research variables in
their natural environment in order to identify
and record behavioral patterns. It may involve
living in the natural environment of the group
or individuals being researched for a period of
time in order to record their activities.
SURVEYS
An ethnography survey is an inductive research
method that is used to gather information
about the research subject. This research
design is also referred to as analytic
induction and it involves outlining hypotheses
in the form of survey questions and
administering these questions in the research
environment.
METHODS
INTERVIEW
An ethnographic interview is usually informal and
spontaneous, and it typically stems from the
relationship between the researcher and the
subjects. The ethnographic interview often results
from the participant observation method where
the ethnographer actively engages with the
members of the research group in order to find
out more about their lives.
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
Participant observation is a data collection
method in ethnography research where the
ethnographer gathers information by
participating actively and interacting with the
research subjects. This method is quite
similar to life and work techniques.
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
Archival research adopts ethnography to a
collection of related documents from the past
which substitute for actual physical presence
in the research environment. It pays absolute
attention to every piece of information about
the research variables.
ASSIGNMENT-3

ANALYSIS OF
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH:
MUMBAI LOCAL
WITH NINA SABNANI
Objective: Understanding elements of Ethnographic
Research through the work of Nina Sabnani
 Figure 8,Tanko Bole Che by Nina Sabnani from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu3884l0,24th September 2020

Figure 7. Nina Sabnani from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu3884l0, 26th September, 2020
 REVIEW: ‘TAANKO BOLE CHE’
• The movie portrayed the
life of Meghiben Mariya,
Raniben Ratilal Bhanani,
Prakashbhai Banani and
Judy Frater, during the time
of partition .

Figure 9. Nina Sabnani from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu388
4l0, 26th September, 2020
 GIST OF THE MOVIE :
• After the India Pakistan war they had to migrate to India
• The soldiers wouldn’t let them in .
• So all these people pleaded to the soldiers to place them anywhere in India .so the soldiers took them into
their van and headed to the jura camp
• But they betrayed .AND left these 3 in the middle of some desserted are
• They had no clue of that place and were just waiting for some help.
• After a day or two they decided to build some houses and they all did great teamwork.
• Prakash was 8 years old.
• For another 8 years they lived in the jura camp as refuges until they go the citizenship in 1980 and moved to
sumraser.
• Raniben got married .
• An earthquake occurred in 2001.
• After some days 2 people asked rani ben and Meghiben to narrate their life stories through embroideries on
cloth and they did so.
• Rani ben and Megiben found it really interesting and decided to work on another project called “kala Raksha”

• This is how they began the embroidery profession and today they have the support of 25 villages and also
have their own design school.
Figure 10. Nina Sabnani from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu3884l0, 26th September, 2020
BRAINSTORMING IDEAS

Figure 11.brainstorming by Anjali Parameswaran, 26th September, 2020

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

RITUALISTIC PRACTICES
IN INDIA

Figure 2. by google images, 8th September, 2020

 OBJECTIVES
❑To learn about ethnographic research an its methods .
❑To understand the term ‘rituals’.
❑To learn about the importance/significance of rituals
❑To understand the difference between religious practices
and superstitions in brief
❑entire Hindu community .And common rituals practiced in
the Christian community .
❑To gain knowledge about the rituals followed in my family
(interviews).
 WHAT ARE RITUALS?
❑A ritual is a patterned, repetitive and
symbolic enactment of a cultural belief
or value .

❑Rituals are usually performed to

enhance social cohesion .

❑They are practiced for the purpose of

alignment of the belief system of an
individual with that of the group
.(community, cast, religion etc)

❑It is stated that rituals practices offer a

peace of mind to an individual .
Figure12 ,collage by Anjali Parameswaran,26th September 2020
 IMPORTANCE OF RITUALS
❑Rituals motivate us and move us .

❑Helps to gain knowledge about your

culture, community, religion etc.

❑Rituals help the younger generation to

understand their family traditions
better.

❑Assists in the renewal of self, support

connection within community and
helps to keep the culture alive in a
conscious way .

Figure 13,, rituals by google images 26th September, 2020

 RITUALS

RELIGIOUS PRACTICES SUPERSTITIONS

 DIFFERENCE
Religious practices
❑Religious practices are holistic
rituals that are performed by the
community as a whole.
❑The rituals are performed as a
worship to god with confidence.
❑Religious practices are also
celebrated as festivals like Holi,
Bakri-eid , easter etc.
❑Every religion has its own rituals and
as far as it is practiced with
positivity it is acceptable to the
modern science.
Superstitions
❑Superstitions are beliefs explained by a
supernatural casualty against modern
science.
❑These are false beliefs – which are
practiced out of fear.
❑Superstitions are practiced on a daily
basis and even have their separate days
like grahan, Amavasya, etc.
❑Superstitions(most of them) are not
scientifically proven to be true .
 RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
❑Religious practices are certain rituals that are practiced as a holistic mark (worship
to god) by a group(i.e religion)

❑Every religion has its own traditional rituals which are followed in general by the
people of that particular religion

❑For example if we take muslim community- on the occasion of Bakri-eid, goats are
sacrificed as it considered holy .

❑Religious practices can also be in the form of festivals .

LETS DO A DETAILED STUDY ABOUT THE FOLLOWING RELIGIONS: 1)HNDUISM

2) CHRISTIANITY
 HINDUISM

❑ Hinduism is a religion with various gods and

goddesses .
❑According to Hinduism 3 gods rule the world :
Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
❑But not all the followers of the Hindu community
worship these gods .
❑Hence, there are various ritualistic practice due to
worshiping several gods .
❑Rituals are also practices in the form of festivals
celebrated commonly in the community.

Figure 14, hindu gods by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th

September 2020
 COMMON RITUALS IN HINDUISM
❑A puja is a worship event
❑There are too many for Hindus. Pujas can be
seasonal Hindu festivals very short and simple, or
to mention here. All of
them have their own extremely elaborate. The
special story and way to most simple is the daily
celebrate. Festivals are puja that the woman of the
also very regional; very house performs. It might be
few festivals are
celebrated all across as quick as a few minutes,
India (Diwali being the or it might go on for fifteen
most notable exception, or more. More elaborate
though even the
interpretation varies pujas, like dedicating a new
across regions). home, involve calling in a
Festivals are primarily priest. The exact elements
about being with family,
eating specific food, and of a puja will vary from
having a puja at home. community to community.
Figure 15,hindu gods by pinterest from
https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
❑ If you see someone ❑These rituals,
with special markings or samskaras, happen at
on their forehead, they certain stages of life. When
are almost certainly a child is born, there will be
Hindu. Some of the a naming ceremony, and
markings signify the perhaps a hair shaving
kind of Hindu ceremony later on. There is
someone is. For a special ritual for
example, three stripes marriages, and one for
across the forehead certain stages of pregnancy.
signifies that someone All of these life events up
was at a Shiva temple through death (and
that morning. thereafter) have special
Generally only serious functions surrounding
practitioners have them. A priest(PANDIT) is
these elaborate usually invited to perform
markings on their these rituals and family and
forehead. friends are invited.
Figure 16 Hinduism by pinterest from
https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
 CHRISTIANITY
❑Christianity developed out of Judaism in
the 1st century C.E. It is founded on the
life, teachings, death, and resurrection of
Jesus Christ, and those who follow him
are called "Christians.“
❑ Christianity is also noted for its
emphasis on faith in Christ as the
primary component of religion.
❑The sacred text of Christianity is the
Bible.
❑Central to Christian practice is the
gathering at churches for worship,
fellowship, and study, and engagement
with the world through evangelism and
social action.
Figure 17, Christianity by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
 COMMON RITUALS IN
CHRISTIANITY
❑Baptism, a sacrament of
admission to Christianity.
The forms and rituals of the
various Christian churches
vary, but baptism almost
invariably involves the use
of water and
the Trinitarian invocation, “I
baptize you: In the name of
the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Spirit.” The
candidate may be wholly or
partly immersed in water,
the water may be poured
over the head, or a few drops
may be sprinkled or placed
on the head.
Figure 18, Baptist by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
 ❑It's a time-honored tradition to
celebrate the anniversary of a
saint’s death with a day of
feasting and festivities. Some
saints have a more dedicated
following than others, though,
and St.Patrick as the patron saint
of Ireland is a big favorite.

Followers of the Christian religion have been

Figure 19, Christianity by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September
2020
studying the Bible for millenniums. At it's most
basic level, studying the Bible involves reading it
(or hearing it), understanding what God is
saying through the writer of the text, and
considering how it applies to life today. Bible
study can be approached in numerous ways,
according to individual churches as well as
Christian denominations.
❑A catechism is a class or manual on the basics
of Christian doctrine and practice, usually as a
precursor to confirmation or baptism.
Catechisms normally include lessons on the
creeds, the Lord's Prayer and the Ten
Commandments, as well as the Hail Mary in
Roman Catholicism.

❑Whether it’s Christmas dinner, Easter supper or just

Figure 20, Christianity by pinterest from
https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
Friday night at the kitchen table, beginning a meal
with a brief prayer is a common ritual in Christian
households. It may be reserved for special occasions or
be a daily occurrence. It may even be a silent pause to
express unspoken gratitude. A modern interpretation
of the prayer would be that it's an affirmation of faith,
an expression of gratitude to God and recognition of
the cycle of life.
 SUPERSTITIONS
❑‘Superstition’ is a blind belief in
the supernatural, a belief in the
existence of forces or entities
that do not conform to the laws
of nature or a scientific
understanding of the universe.
It finds a fertile soil and
breeding ground in human
ignorance and a lack of
scientific knowledge.
❑All superstitions have their origin in human psychology
of fear of ill-luck, insecurity and the dread of inexplicable
forces in nature.
❑Tantriks, priests, godmen, babas, other vested interests
also help in spreading superstitions. In superstition, the
astrologers, priests, stargazers, magicians, god-men,
quacks and babas have a very good business.

❑The word ‘superstition’ is often

used to refer to a religion not
practiced by the majority of a
given society regardless of
whether the prevailing religion
contains alleged superstitions.

Figure 1,Superstitions in India by The Hans India from https://www.thehansindia.com/,26th

September,2020
 6 COMMON SUPERSTITIONS
AMONG INDIANS
❑HANGING LEMON –
CHILLIES(NIMBU-MIRCHI):
Hanging a lemon and seven chillies
strung together at the front door or
under the front bumper of your
vehicle to protect against an evil eye
and spirits is one of the most common
superstitious beliefs in India.
SCIENCE BEHIND : It’s said that
lemon and chillies work as effective
natural pesticides and natural anti-
bacterials, thus protecting the home
or whichever environment it is hung
in.
Figure 22, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
❑BLACK DOT ON BABY’S FOREHEAD(KALA-
TEEKA):
The evil eye is a big deal in India. Even toddlers can
be the victim of an evil eye. In order to prevent
unfortunate accidents, a lot of infants in India have
a small spot (or several) of kajal on their forehead
and/or cheeks, even under their feet. Sometimes
their eyes are lined with black kajal too. This is
supposed to ward off the evil eye. There are no
scientific explanations for this superstition. Figure 23, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September
2020

❑CURD BEFORE GOING OUT (DAHI-

SHAKKAR):
One of the most common Indian superstitions,
is to have a spoonful of curd with sugar before
going out or embarking on a new journey to
guarantee good luck. It is believed that the
sweet starting note makes any task shubh or
good.
SCIENCE BEHIND: Related to the tropical
climate—where eating curd has a cooling effect
on your digestive system, while the sugar adds
Figure 24, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020 energy.
 ADDING ONE RUPEE TO A GIFT
(SHAGUN KA SIKKA):
This Indian superstition is especially
relevant when it comes to gifting cash
as a gift. A one rupee coin is added to
the total amount, for it is considered
auspicious. Therefore, you’ll see one
rupee coins embedded on most gift
envelopes. In some parts of India, it is
believed that if you give round figures
like INR 500/1000 it signifies an end,
but the added 1 rupee signifies that Figure 25, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
you wish the person to continue to get
wealthy.NO SCIENCE INVOLVED .
❑OMMITING THE 13 TH :
This isn’t just among the superstitions in
India, fear of the number 13 is a common
superstition around the world. It’s said to
have originated from the fact that Jesus’ 13th
disciple Judas was the one who betrayed
him. It has trickled down to India too, along
with the advent of Christianity. So much so
that certain airlines often leave the 13th row
in flights empty, while some hotels are built
without labelling the 13th floor. NO
SCIENTIFIC REASON.
Figure 26, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Objective: Learn to gather information from people
through immersion, observation and conversation by
conducting semi structured interview
 INTERVIEWEES

MRS.HEMA PARAMESWARAN MRS. N . SARASWATI MRS. PREMLATA GERA

AGE : 52 AGE :73 AGE:69

Figure 27, interviewees by Anjali Parameswaran,26th September 2020

 Rituals she is following since her childhood : Superstitions that she believes in:
• No non- veg on auspicious days. • Never have a hair-wash on
• Amavasya fasting, Ekadashi fasting Monday as Monday is
• When someone dies in the family the family considered to be Lord Shiva’s
members can’t go out for 13 days till last rites are day who never used to wash
“I believe god exists in performed . his hair so it would be
the form of good • Aadi festival offensive to him.
energy ,that you should • Welfare pujas in the family • When one returns from a
keep alive by lighting a
funeral, one must wash
diya everyday”
MRS. HEMA
his/her legs outside the house
as they return from a unholy

PARAMESWARAN
place.
• If you go out for a work, but
forgot something in the house
Q: what rituals would you like your children to keep either ask someone to get
“ there is no evil eye. that stuff for you or if you
following ?
There are people who come in again you have to sit
A: Its really their choice whether to keep the
think evil about you “ for 2 minutes .
tradition alive or not .
• You should not lie down
Q: lastly, do you believe in superstitions out of fear ? during 7-8 as it is twilight hour
A: Yes, because we have been forced upon following when you light the diya .
them and our parents are traditional thinking .

Some rituals followed in her
family :
• During every shraddha of her
father ,the entire family
would meet at her brother’s
place and celebrate the
solemn like a festival .
• Being Brahmins, her brothers
and sisters have celebrated
the upanayam ceremony of
all the boys in the family with
great fanfare.
• For girls ,they celebrated the
occasion when they achieve
the age of puberty ,by having
a get-together of all
womenfolk in the family
Rituals followed in the south Indian
community:
• Golu (decoration of toys )during Navratri
festival.
• Every Saturday ,offering black til and oil in “
“மூடநம்பிக்கைைள் ஒரு
lamp to Shani bhagwan to seek blessings . முன்னெச்சரிக்கையாை
• offering Beatle leaves mala to Lord அகை
Hanuman every Saturday for blessings . பின்பற்றப்படுைின்றெ
• Preparing milk and rice during Shashti. என்ற அச்சத்தில்
பின்பற்றப்படுைதில்கை.”
MRS.N.SARASWATI
Superstitions :
• We should not cut our nails after
evening as it brings poverty. “ superstitions are never
• We should never sit on pillows or we followed out of fear,
would be burdened with debts . they are followed as a
• We should get a haircut only on precaution.”
Thursday’s or Sunday’s. cutting hair on
other days would bring ill health.
 Rituals she follows while in the Punjabi
community:
• Lori- burning dry leaves and praying to
god. “I never believe in
• If there is any new couple in the house superstitions . I only
sweets are distributed and it is a ritual. believe in my god and my
• JHAPNA : remembering god karma as only they decide
She never taught any of these my destiny.”
superstitions to her children and
grand children .

She did ask them to follow these

MRS.PREMLATA
rituals .
GERA ਜੋ ਵੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਹਹਿੰ ਦੇ ਹੋ, ਤੁਹਾਡੇ
ਕੋਲ ਬਹੁਤ ਵੱ ਡਾ ਅਕਾਲ ਹੈ

Superstitions she had to follow :

• Never sweep the house in the evening
“whoever utters shall be happy,
as it stops the flow of money.
shall be fulfilled
• Never cross over children when they
Eternal is the Holy or Great
are sleeping as it stops their growth.
Timeless Lord.”
• Never have a hair cut on Thursday’s as
it would bring ill luck.
 DATA - ANALYSIS

Figure 28, COMPILATION by Anjali Parameswaran,26th September 2020

 CONTRAST IN THINKING
(continued data analysis)
MRS. HEMA PARAMESWARAN MRS. N. SARASWATI MRS.PREMLATA GERA

Believes that there is no evil eye Follows and believes superstitions Believes only in her god and karma
but there are people who have an not out of fear but as a but was forced to follow the
evil thinking. precautions. superstitions.
According to her beliefs one should She believes that one should never
_ have a hair-cut only on Thursday’s have a hair-cut on Thursday’s as it
and Sunday’s . would bring ill-luck.
She left the choice to follow the She did ask her children to keep She never educated her children
traditions up to her children. the tradition alive and respect the and grand children about
children. superstitions.
Believes that cutting nails in the Mrs. Gera believes that sweeping
_ evening brings poverty. the house in the evening stops the
flow of money.
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
• Figure 1. Compilation by Anjali parameswaran, 24th September, 2020
• Figure 2. screenshot by Anjali Parameswaran, 24th September, 2020
• Figure 3.To my Precious Candy, by Anjali Parameswaran,7th September, 2020
• Figure 4. Candy by Anjali Parameswaran, 7th September, 2020
• Figure 5, Ethnographic Research by Center of Ethnographic Research fromhttps://cer.berkeley.edu/, 24th September, 2020
• Figure 6,History of ethnography by Google images from https://www.google.co.in/imghp?hl=en&tab=ri&ogbl,26th
September 2020
• Figure 7. Nina Sabnani from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu3884l0, 26th September, 2020
• Figure 8,Tanko Bole Che by Nina Sabnani from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu3884l0,24th September 2020
• Figure 9. Nina Sabnani from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu3884l0, 26th September, 2020
• Figure 10. Nina Sabnani from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJJtu3884l0, 26th September, 2020
• Figure 11.brainstorming by Anjali Parameswaran, 26th September, 2020
• Figure12 ,collage by Anjali Parameswaran,26th September 2020
• Figure 13,, rituals by google images 26th September, 2020
• Figure 14, hindu gods by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 15,hindu gods by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 16 Hinduism by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 17, Christianity by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 18, Baptist by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/26th September 2020
• Figure 19, Christianity by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com//,26th September 2020
• Figure 20, Christianity by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 21,Superstitions in India by The Hans India from https://www.thehansindia.com/,26th September,2020
• Figure 22, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 23, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 24, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 25, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 26, superstitions by pinterest from https://id.pinterest.com/,26th September 2020
• Figure 27, interviewees by Anjali Parameswaran,26th September 2020
• Figure 28, COMPILATION by Anjali Parameswaran,26th September 2020
 CONCLUSION
• These were my understandings on the topic ‘RITUALISTIC
PRACTICES IN INDIA’.
• I feel that this assignment has taught me a lot about my culture and
religions in general . Ethnographic research has enhanced my ability to
study things in details and also gain tremendous amount of knowledge
through my project.
• This assignment took me a lot of time in collecting information and
honestly, I enjoyed the process.
• I’m also really glad and grateful to the interviewees who agreed to co-
operate with me and my questions :)
• Lastly, I would like to say that the most important thing I learned is to
give credits appropriately as and when I took references as a respect to
their efforts .
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
❑ MSR, blog.,2020 Essay on Superstitions [online] . Available at :
http://www.msrblog.com/other/essay-on-superstition.html > [Accessed 18 September ] .

❑ Sara, E.,2020. 10 Family Christian Traditions [online].Available at :

<https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/10-family-christian-
traditions.htm#pt1 > [ Accessed 19 September 2020].

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