TO COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC PUSH-UP TRAINING AND

PLYOMETRIC PUSHUP TRAINING ON UPPER-BODY POWER

AND STRENGTH.
A project work is submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Requirement for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
Submitted by
P.NIVITHA

(Register Number: 741750033)

JKK MUNIRAJAH MEDICAL RESEARCH

FOUNDATION COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

Department of Under Graduate Studies

Komarapalayam- 638 183
Affiliated by

THE TAMILNADU Dr. M.G.R. UNIVERSITY

Chennai

AUGUST 2021
TO COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC PUSH-UP TRAINING AND
PLYOMETRIC PUSHUP TRAINING ON UPPER-BODY POWER
AND STRENGTH.

A project work is submitted in partial fulfilment of the

Requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
Submitted By

P.NIVITHA

(Register Number: 741750033)

JKK MUNIRAJAH MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION

COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

Department of Under Graduate Studies

Komarapalayam- 638 183
Affiliated by
THE TAMILNADU Dr. M.G.R. UNIVERSITY

Chennai

AUGUST 2021
JKK MUNIRAJAH MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

Department of Under Graduate Studies

Komarapalayam- 638 183
Affiliated by

THE TAMILNADU Dr. M.G.R. UNIVERSITY

Chennai
Certificates
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project work entitled studies on “ COMPARISON

OF DYNAMIC PUSHUP TRAINING AND PLYOMETRIC PUSHUP TRAINING
ON UPPER BODY POWER AND STRENGTH FOR HEALTHY WOMEN” is a
bonafide complied work carried out by P.NIVITHA (Reg.No:741750033),
final year student, College of Physiotherapy under J.K.K Munirajah
Medical Research Foundation, Komarapalayam-638 183, in partial
fulfilment for the award of degree of “BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY” of
the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical university, Chennai-32. This work was
guided and supervised by Mrs.THENMOZHI.., MPT (Ortho) at the
Department of Physiotherapy, JKKMMRF, Komarapalayam.

Mrs.THENMOZHI M.P.T.,(Ortho)
JKKMMRF College of Physiotherapy.
Komarapalayam.
Acknowledgement
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my whole hearted gratitude to “NEAR & DEAR” who

has given a countless opportunities, source of knowledge and guidance
throughout my completion of work.
I thank Almighty God for his grace; mercy and unseen guidance throughout
the completion of work.
I thank my beloved Staff and Friends for their valuable support throughout
my study.
I express my heartfelt thanks to the Management, JKKM.
JAYAPRAKASH, the managing trustee of JKKMMRF College of
Physiotherapy for his support in completion of my study.
I express my heartfelt thanks to my Principal JKKMMRF College of
Physiotherapy Dr. D.KANNAN, M.P.T (Neuro),M.Sc (Psychology), for
making the analytical perusal at every stage of this study.
I express my sincere thanks to Mr. R.FERDINAND, M.P.T. (Ortho). Mrs.
KOHILAVANI, M.P.T. (Cardio), M.Sc (Psych). Mrs. R. VISHNUPRIYA,
M.P.T (Neuro). Mr. K.ANANTHARAJ, M.P.T (Ortho)
Mrs.SATHYAPRIYA M.P.T (Cardio).,staffs of JKKMMRF College of
Physiotherapy for their valuable and fantastic ideas easing my burdens.
I express my heartfelt thanks to librarian Mrs. E.MYETHILIM.L.I.S., and Mrs.
G.PORSELVI M.L.I.S.,our office staff.
I express my heartfelt thanks to all my friends and all seniors for their
valuable help and guidance.
I express my sincere thanks to all my subjects who cooperated for this
study purpose.
Content
 CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO CONTENTS Page No.

01 INTRODUCTION

02 AIM OF THE STUDY

03 HYPOTHESIS

04 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
05
MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
➢ Materials
➢ Study Design
➢ Study Setting
➢ Study Sampling
➢ Sampling Duration
➢ Inclusion Criteria
➢ Exclusion Criteria
 ➢ Parameters
o Special Test
➢ Procedure

06 STATISTICAL TOOLS

07 DATA PRESENTATION

08 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

09 DISCUSSION

10 SUMMARY

11 CONCLUSION

12 RECOMMENDATION

13 REFERENCE
14 APPENDIX
➢ Definition of the terms
➢ Treatment techniques
➢ Informed consent form
➢ Assessment chart
➢ Parameters
➢ Case study 1
➢ Case study 2

Tables & Graphs

 TABLE OF TABLES
TABLES

S.NO Page No.

PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL THROW
01 TEST GROUP A PAIRED

02
PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL THROW
TEST GROUP B PAIRED

03
PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL THROW
TEST GROUP A AND B UNPAIRED

04
PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS TEST
GROUP A PAIRED

05 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS TEST

GROUP B PAIRED

06 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS TEST

GROUP A AND B UNPAIRED
TABLE OF GRAPHS

S.NO GRAPHS Page No.

01 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL

THROW TEST GROUP A PAIRED

02 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL

THROW TEST GROUP B PAIRED

03 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL

THROW TEST GROUP A AND B UNPAIRED

04 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS

TEST GROUP A PAIRED

05 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS

TEST GROUP B PAIRED

06 PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS

TEST GROUP A AND B UNPAIRED
Introduction
 INTRODUCTION

Physical activity (dynamic exercise) is a key component of a healthy lifestyle.

Increased physical activity or exercise training is not only protective against
cardiovascular disease, hypertension, colon and breast cancer, type II diabetes, and
obesity, but also effective in improving functional capacity in patients with these
medical conditions, as well as in patients with autonomic disorders. Exercise
training also improves mental health, helps to prevent depression, and promotes or
maintains positive self-esteemPush-ups represent one of the simplest and most
popular strengthening exercise.

The aim of this study was to systematically review and critically appraise the
literature on the kinetics-related characteristics of different types of push-ups, with
the objective of optimising training prescription and exercise-related load.Dynamic
pushups is a at-home work out exercise that targets chest and also
involves abs and shoulders and triceps.

Dynamic exercises move the muscles through a specific range-of-motion when

they are done. Some examples include doing squats, climbing stairs, doing push-
ups or performing bicep curls. You have one body part that moves on a hinge in
one direction to perform the action.

Dynamic exercise increases the metabolic demand of the exercising skeletal

muscle which can be met only by increasing the blood flow to the exercising
muscle.

Under conditions of maximal exertion, the cardiac output may increase more than
fourfold to meet this need.at low levels of exercise, the increase in cardiac output
is due to an increase in both stroke volume and heart rate. However, as the
intensity of exercise increases, the contribution of the stroke volume to cardiac
output reaches a plateau, and the augmentation of cardiac output becomes
primarily dependent on the ability to increase the heart rate further.

Plyometric education is defined as a quick, effective movement concerning an eccentric

contraction, followed immediately by way of an explosive concentric contraction.
Plyometric training improves each neuro muscular efficiency and the variety of speeds set
via the critical worried gadget To be the most beneficial plyometriceducation should follow
a phase of maximal strength education. Certain sports activities require upper body
plyometriceducation just like the throwing activities in athletics, basketball, volleyball,
softball, golfing,baseball, tennis, and badminton. Those styles of exercises commonly
employ a medication ball.There are each low and high-depth plyometric physical activities.
Usually all cricket educationhas a few fitness blessings and the nice option is to try and make
cricket training as purposeful aspossible.
Plyometric training has been established as a training method that improves the
muscle-tendon unit’s ability to tolerate stretch loads and the efficiency of the
stretch-shorten cycle.
During a plyometric drill, also known as stretch - shortening cycle drill, a
movement to an intended direction is achieved by starting it with a movement to
the opposite direction which is a nontraditional form of resistance training
emphasizing the loading of muscles during an eccentric muscle action, which is
quickly followed by a rebound concentric action.
Some authors have found plyometric exercises to be a beneficial adjunct to
traditional training methods, while others have found plyometrics to be of no
advantage. Upper extremity rehabilitation programs have begun to incorporate
plyometric activities to promote the restoration of comprehensive neuromuscular
control and functional joint stability.
In the upper extremity there are limited data available exploring the specific
neuromuscular adaptations sought by clinicians. However, traditional strength
exercises are initiated only through voluntary muscle activation. Plyometrics,
however, are now being used during the final stages of sports rehabilitation to
assure an adequate preparation of an athlete's muscle power
functions and performance skills for the demands of their specific sport. Several
studies used plyometric training and have shown that it improves power output
and increases explosiveness by training the muscles to do more work in a shorter
amount of time. The stretch-shortening cycle enhances the ability of the muscle-
tendon unit to produce maximal force in the shortest amount of time, prompting
the use of plyometric exercise as a bridge between pure strength
and sports-related speed. Push up is a common strength training exercise
performed in a prone position, lying horizontal and face down, raising and
lowering the body using the arms. Various techniques of push-ups have been
proposed, each claiming different advantages.
Using different hand positions is one of the modifications that provide a
significant difference in muscle activation.

AccoRding to study,Men were significantly stronger and more powerful in the

upperbody compared to women even when normalised for body mass.
Therefore it appears there may be some gender differences inforce / cross-sectional
area (intrinsic muscle properties) or pos-sibly in the manner in which the genders
drive ATP during highintensity activity.
However the exact mechanism(s) responsiblefor the differences in gender strength
/ power performance are due to muscles fibres presnt in body.

The women had 45, 41, 30 and 25% smaller muscle CSAs for the biceps brachii,
total elbow flexors, vastus lateralis and total knee extensors respectively. The
women were approximately 52% and 66% as strong as the men in the upper and
lower body respectively.
Aim
AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study is to compare the effects of dynamic pushups vs

plyometric exercise on upper body strength and power for healthy women .

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

To find out the effect of dynamic pushups on upper body strength and power for
healthy women .
To find out the effect of plyometric exercise on upper body strength and power
for healthy women .
Hypothesis
HYPOTHESIS

NULL HYPOTHES:

There is no significant difference between effectiveness of dynamic pushups

vs plyometric exercise on upper body strength and power for healthy women ,

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

The Alternate hypothesis states that there was significant difference in

effectiveness of dynamic pushups vs plyometric exercise on upper body strength
and power for healthy women.
Review of Literature
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Gambetta V Odgers S. study titled The Complete Guide to Medicine Ball
Training. Sarasota, FL: Optimum Sports Training stated that, There are as many
strength and conditioning programs as there are individual clinicians developing
the programs. Rehabilitation programs have dramatically changed over the past
several years. Regardless of the purpose of the program, whether it is used in the
terminal phases of rehabilitation,1 for strength and conditioning, or for
performance enhancement, plyometric exercise should play an integral part of the
program. An important part of performance‐based rehabilitation programs is the
development of power often addressed by using plyometric exercises. Sports
physical therapists strive to prevent injuries, rehabilitate injuries in a timely
manner in order to rapidly return athletes back to activity, improve the strength
and conditioning of athletes, and facilitate the specificity of sports
performance. The purpose of this clinical commentary was to provide an overview
of plyometric exercises including historical information, definitions, phases of
plyometrics, and the scientific foundation for the application of plyometrics. The
physiological, mechanical and neurophysiological basis of plyometrics has also
been described with supporting evidence regarding its effectiveness. The
theoretical basis for the use plyometrics and clinical guidelines for designing
plyometric programs have been listed, with evidence support as available.

Suggestions regarding the use of plyometrics for training of the LE and UE are
presented, and contraindications and empirically based suggestions for criteria to
begin a plyometric programs are included. Acknowledging the lack of evidence in
this realm, recommendations for the volume dosage for plyometric training and a
hierarchy of plyometric exercises progression are provided.
Wilk KE Voight ML Keirns MA, et al. Study titled, Stretch‐shortening drills for
the upper extremities: Theory and clinical applicaiton stated that,Enhanced athletic
performance emphasizes the muscle's ability to exert maximal force output in a
minimal amount of time. Exaggerated maximal muscular force develops due to
athletic movements producing a repeated series of stretch-shortening cycles. The
stretch-shortening cycle occurs when elastic loading, through an eccentric
muscular contraction, is followed by a burst of concentric muscular contraction. A
form of exercise called plyometrics employs a quick, powerful movement
involving a prestretch of the muscle, followed by a shortening, concentric
muscular contraction, thus utilizing the stretch-shortening muscular cycle. The
literature contains numerous references to plyometric training for the lower
extremity, but there is a lack of information on the upper extremity plyometric
program. Overhead activities, such as throwing, necessitate elastic loading to
produce maximal, explosive, concentric muscular contractions. Plyometric
exercise employs the concept of the stretch-shortening muscular cycle. The
rehabilitation concept of specificity of training suggests plyometric exercise drills
should be performed by the throwing athlete. This paper discusses the basic
neurophysiological science and theoretical basis for plyometric exercise, and it
describes an upper extremity stretch-shortening exercise program for the throwing
athlete, And concluded that plyometric is most powerfull form of exercise for
upper extremity strenghthening

Wilt F. study titled, Plyometrics: What it is and how it works explained

that,Rehabilitation programs have drastically changed, especially in the terminal
phases of rehabilitation, which include performance enhancement, development
of power, and a safe return to activity. Plyometric exercise has become an integral
component of late phase rehabilitation as the patient nears return to activity.
Among the numerous types of available exercises, plyometrics assist in the
development of power, a foundation from which the athlete can refine the skills of
their sport. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to provide an
overview of plyometrics including: definition, phases, the physiological,
mechanical and neurophysiological basis of plyometrics, and to describe clinical
guidelines and contraindications for implementing plyometric programs.

Scoville CR Arcerio RA Taylor DC, et al. Study titled, End range eccentric
antagonistic/concentric agonist strength ratios: A new perspective in shoulder
strength assessment. Stated that,The dynamic muscle stabilizers of the shoulder are
critical to high performance in the overhead athlete. Previous evaluations of
shoulder strength have focused on the concentric strength of the rotator cuff.
Functionally, the rotator cuff muscles interact in an eccentric/concentric fashion.
This is the first study to evaluate the end range eccentric antagonist/concentric
agonist ratios of the shoulder rotators. Seventy-five asymptomatic college-level
males were tested through a range of 20 degrees of lateral rotation to 90 degrees of
medial rotation using the Kin-Com computer-assisted, hydraulic-resisted,
isokinetic dynamometer at a speed of 90 degrees/sec. The end range (60-90
degrees) ratios for the medial rotators functioning eccentrically and lateral rotators
functioning concentrically were 2.39:1 and 2.15:1 for the dominant and
nondominant shoulders, respectively. End range (10 degrees of lateral rotation-20
degrees of medial rotation) ratios for lateral rotators functioning eccentrically and
medial rotators functioning concentrically were 1.08:1 and 1.05:1 for the dominant
and nondominant shoulders, respectively. The application of this functional
assessment of strength testing results may provide important information in the
evaluation of the injured shoulder in the overhead athlete, for prescreening, and to
gauge return to sports after injury or surgery

Davies GJ Matheson JW,study titled, Shoulder plyometrics.stated

that,Plyometric training is credited with providing benefits in performance and
dynamic restraint. However, limited prospective data exists quantifying kinematic
adaptations such as amortization time, glenohumeral rotation, and scapulothoracic
position, which may underlie its efficacy for upper extremity rehabilitation or
performance enhancement. To measure upper extremity kinematics and plyometric
phase times before and after an 8 week upper extremity strength and plyometric
training programs. These findings support the use of both upper extremity
plyometrics and strength training for reducing commonly identified upper
extremity injury risk factors and improving upper extremity performance.

Lundin P. A study titled review of plyometric training.stated that,balance is not

fully developed in children and studies have shown functional improvements with
balance only training studies, a combination of plyometric and balance activities
might enhance static balance, dynamic balance, and power. The objective of this
study was to compare the effectiveness of plyometric only (PLYO) with balance
and plyometric (COMBINED) training on balance and power measures in
children.COMBINED training could be an important consideration for reducing
the high velocity impacts of PLYO training. This reduction in stretch-shortening
cycle stress on neuromuscular system with the replacement of balance and landing
exercises might help to alleviate the overtraining effects of excessive repetitive
high load activities.

You sihn et al. study titled,Effect of the push-up exercise at different palmar
width on muscle activities stated that, Push-up exercise (PUE) is a representative
closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) that can strengthen shoulder and truncus
muscles in daily living. CKCE is performed by applying resistance to the proximal
and distal parts of limbs simultaneously while the distal is kept immobile. It is
frequently used in exercise programs for dynamic stability of joints and upright
posture maintenance because it causes co-contraction of various muscles, in
addition to enhancing muscle strength and endurance, and provides more
proprioception by stimulating afferent rec muscles8), and frequently used in
rehabilitation programs for patients with shoulder damage .the study reported that
reported that when there is an imbalance in the stabilizing muscles of the scapula,
exercise focusing on the SA is beneficial and that the relative contribution of the
SA is also higher than those of other muscles. reported that the activity of the SA
increased significantly when the palmar width was large during PUE, which is
consistent with the experimental results of the present study showing that PUE
with the 150% palmar width is more effective in muscle performance of SA.

Akhilesh kumar et al. Study titled,Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on

Balance Performance in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review With
Meta-Analysis stated that,Postural balance represents a fundamental
movement skill for the successful performance of everyday and sport-related
activities. There is ample evidence on the effectiveness of balance training
on balance performance in athletic and non-athletic population. However,
less is known on potential transfer effects of other training types, such as
plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of balance. Given that PJT is a
highly dynamic exercise mode with various forms of jump-landing tasks,
high levels of postural control are needed to successfully perform PJT
exercises. Accordingly, PJT has the potential to not only improve measures
of muscle strength and power but also balance.

Ebben WP Simenz C Jensen RL.study titled, Evaluation of plyometric intensity

using electromyography.stated that,investigate the motor unit activation of the
quadriceps (Q), hamstring (H), and gastrocnemius (G) muscle groups during a
variety of plyometric exercises to further understand the nature of these exercises.
Twenty-three athletes volunteered to perform randomly ordered plyometric
exercises, thought to cover a continuum of intensity levels, including two-foot
ankle hops; 15-cm cone hops; tuck, pike, and box jumps; one- and two-leg vertical
jump and reach; squat jumps with approximately 30% of their 1RM squat load;
and 30- and 61-cm depth jumps. Integrated electromyographic data were analyzed
for each exercise using a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. And concludes
that,No significant main effects were found for the H muscle group. Pairwise
comparisons revealed a variety of differences among plyometric exercises. In
some cases, plyometrics previously reported to be of high intensity, such as the
depth jump, yielded relatively little motor unit recruitment compared with
exercises typically thought to be of low intensity. Results can assist the
practitioner in creating plyometric programs based on the nature of the motor unit
recruitment.

William et al. Study titled,Kinetic quantification of plyometric exercise

intensity stated that,Quantification of plyometric exercise intensity is
necessary to understand the characteristics of these exercises and the proper
progression of this mode of exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess
the kinetic characteristics of a variety of plyometric exercises. And they
identified a number of differences between the plyometric exercises for the
outcome variables assessed . These findings can be used to guide the
progression of plyometric training by incorporating exercises of increasing
intensity over the course of a program.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

Materials

Rubberboard board
Medicine ball

Chest press machine

Methodology Study Design

Quasi experimental study

Study Setting

The study was conducted at JKK Munirajah Medical Research Foundation

College of Physiotherapy, Komarapalayam with consultation of concerned
authority.

Study Duration

The study duration is for 3 weeks.

Study Sampling

A total number of 30 subjects were selected by purposive sampling method after

due consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria and they were divided into 15
women in group A and 15 in group B.

Inclusion Criteria

 Female (healthy women)

 Age group 18- 40years
 Upper body
Exclusion Criteria

 No history of previous injury in upper and lower body

 Extertional hypotension or hypertension
 Renal failure and gastro- intestinal disorder
 Orthopaedic (or) neurological disorder
 Any uncontrolled systemic disorder
 Current psychiatric illness
 Atherosclerosis of peripheral vessel
 Pregnant women
 Arterial or venous disease

PARAMETERS
1. Chest press test
2. Medicinal ball put test.
CHEST PRESS TEST
In this test each subject was seated on the bench of the
Nautilus double chest machine With her back against the back rest inclined at
angle approximately 45°from the vertical. The test movement began from a
position ➢ Armflexion-2secs duration
➢ Armextension-2secs
 Medicine ball throw test

In this test each subject was seated on an adjustable bench With her back oriented
vertically against a back support this horizontal knees flexed at90°and ankles
fixed behind swivel pads at the base of the bench.
Subjects completed 10medicine ball puts, with an approximate 45secs rest
between each trial.
The over-head throw for distance is a test of upper body strength and explosive
power, involving throwing the ball forwards from over the head. To measure
upper body strength and explosive power.
Dynamic Push-Up training
In the starting position the knees and toes were in the contact with the
ground.

The hands were positioned shoulder width apart over the ground and
remain straight, supporting the body weight.

From this position, the subject lowered his body until his chest almost
touched the ground. Without pausing, the subjects straightened their
arm and comeback in the starting position, by pushing the trunk upwards.

During the exercise the knees and toes were remain in the contact with the
ground. Subjects performed the push- ups approximately in 4 second (2 sec.
down and 2 sec. up).
Plyometric Push-Up Training

Plyometric push-ups were performed with the kneeling position

where the knees and feet remaining in contact with the floor. Subjects
started with their trunk vertical and their arms relaxed and hanging at
their sides.

From this position they allowed themselves to fall forward, extending their
arms forward with slight elbow flexion, in preparation for contact with
the ground.

At contact, the subject gradually absorbed the force of the fall by further
flexing the elbows and gradually stopped the movement with the chest
nearly touching the floor. Immediately after stopping the downward motion,
the subject reversed the action by rapidly extending his arms and
propelling his trunk back to the starting position and the sets of repetition of
exercises
PROCEDURES
 PROCEDURE
30 subjects were selected based on the Inclusion and Exclusion criteria and were
divided into 2 groups as Group A and Group B.
Group A received dynamic pushup training and Group B received plyometric
pushup training.
Prior to the treatment pretest was conducted for group A and group B and the
results were recorded.
Both groups were participated in the study three days in a week for six
weeks and collect the data prior to training program and after the end of
training program.
15 minute warm-up exercises were performed before each training session.
All the subjects were completed,.
Sessions- 18 sessions
Frequency- 3 sessions per week
STATISTICAL TOOL
STATISTICAL TOOL

The statistical tool used in this study was paired t-test and unpaired t-test.
Paired ‘t’ Test

The paired ‘t’-test was used for comparing the pre Vs post-test

value of VAS & HDI scales for group A and group B separately.

Formula: Paired t-test

s =
dn
t =s

Where,

d = difference between the pre-test versus

post test d = mean difference

n = total number of subjects

S= standard deviation
Unpaired ‘t’-Test

The unpaired‘t’ test was used to compare the statistically

significant difference between group A and group B respectively.

Formula: Unpaired t-test

Where,

x1 = Mean difference between pre-test Vs post-test of group -A

x2 = Mean difference between pre-test Vs post-test of group-B

= sum of the value

n1 = number of

subjects in Group A n2

= number of subjects

in Group B

S = standard deviation
Data Presentation
DATA PRESENTATION

Table 1: Group A
Dynamic Pushup Training

Chest press test Medicine Ball

S.NO throw Test

Pre Test Post Test Pre Test Post Test

1. 10 11.2 48 51
2. 9.75 10.4 46 49
3. 8.9 9.7 43 47
4. 10.6 9.8 41 46
5. 12.1 11.4 40 44
6. 11.6 12.9 36 41
7. 10.2 12.3 32 40
8. 9.4 10.3 31 36
9. 11.1 11.9 30 35
10. 10.6 11.3 30 37
11. 12 13.1 35 40
12. 8.5 9.7 42 48
13. 10.7 11.9 44 48
14. 9.2 10.4 32 40
15. 8.9 11 45 50
 Table 2: GROUP-B Plyometric Pushup Training

Chest press test Medicine Ball throw

Test

S.NO
Pre Test Post Test Pre Test Post Test
1. 12 13.1 50 50
2. 10.5 11.8 47 52
3. 9.8 11.5 35 40
4. 8.9 9.8 30 35
5. 11.3 12.1 31 36
6. 12.5 13.2 36 39
7. 8 9.1 42 46
8. 10.8 11.9 48 50
9. 9 9.8 30 35
10. 10.3 11.1 38 39
11. 12.3 13.1 32 34
12. 8.5 9.3 49 50
13. 11.8 13.1 46 48
14 9.5 10.7 44 50
15 12.3 18.2 35 35
Data Analysis & Interpretation
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data’s collected from Group A
and Group B who underwent dynamic pushup training and plyometric training.

TABLE 1
DYNAMIC PUSHUP TRAINING
PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL THROW TEST GROUP A
PAIRED
MEAN M.D S.D T-VALUE
Pre test 10.2367 0.99 0.37 10.4443
Post test 11.23333

This Table shows the analysis of MBT score in GROUP A patients. The paired ‘t’ value of
pre test and post test session for GROUP A was 10.4443. The result shows that there was a
statistically significant different between the pre test and post test results. The pre test mean
was 10.2367, the post test mean was 11.2333 and pre versus post test mean difference was
0.99, which shows that improve upper body power and strength in post test results in response
to intervention.
GRAPH-l Mean Values of Group A for Medicine Ball Throw
 TABLE 2
DYNAMIC PUSHUP TRAINING
PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF MEDICINE BALL THROW TEST GROUP
B PAIRED

MEAN M.D S.D T-VALUE

Pre test 10.500 1.033 0.266 15.0246
Post test 11.533

This Table shows the analysis of MBT score in GROUP A patients. The paired ‘t’ value of
pre test and post test session for GROUP A was 15.0246. The result shows that there was a
statistically significant different between the pre test and post test results. The pre test mean
was 10.500, the post test mean was 11.533 and pre versus post test mean difference was 1.033,
which shows that improve upper body power and strength in post test results in response to
intervention.
GRAPH-2 Mean Values of Group B for Medicine Ball Throw
 TABLE 3
GROUP A AND B UNPAIRED
MEAN M.D S.D T-VALUE
Pre test 0.99 0.037 0.455 0.311
Post test 1.033

This Table shows the mean values of the groups, the unpaired ‘t’ test value was 0.311. Which
shows that there was statistically significant different between GROUP A and GROUP B.
The pre versus post test mean in GROUP A was 0.99, the pre versus post test mean in
GROUP B was 1.033, and mean difference between GROUP B and GROUP A was 0.037,
which shows that improvement in upper body power and strength greater in GROUP B than
GROUP A.
GRAPH-3 Mean Values of Group A and Group B for Medicine Ball Throw
TABLE 4

PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS TEST GROUP A PAIRED

MEAN M.D S.D T-VALUE

Pre test 38.33 5.13 1.552 12.8079
Post test 43.47

This Table shows the analysis of CHEST PRESS score in GROUP B patients. The paired ‘t’
value of pre test and post test session for GROUP A was 12.8079. The result shows that there
was statistically significant different between the pre test and post test results.The pre test
mean was 38.33; the post test mean was 43.47 and pre versus post test mean difference was
5.13, which shows that there was increase upper body power and strength in post test results
GRAPH-lV Mean Values of Group A for Chest Press
 TABLE 5
PRE AND POST TEST VALUES OF CHEST PRESS TEST GROUP B PAIRED
MEAN M.D S.D T-VALUE
Pre test 40.07 3.933 1.534 9.932
Post test 44

This Table shows the analysis of CHEST PRESS score in GROUP B patients. The paired ‘t’
value of pre test and post test session for GROUP A was 9.932. The result shows that there
was statistically significant different between the pre test and post test results. The
pre test mean was 40.07; the post test mean was 44 and pre versus post test mean difference
was 3.933, which shows that there was upper body power and sregnth in post test results in
response to intervention.
GRAPH-V Mean Values of Group B for Chess Press
TABLE 6
GROUP A AND B PLYOMETRIC PUSHUP PAIRED
MEAN M.D S.D T-VALUE
Pre test 5.14 1.2 2.178 2.1298
Post test 3.93

This Table shows the mean values of two groups, the unpaired ‘t’ value was 2.1298. The
result shows that there was statistically significant different between GROUP A and GROUP
B. The pre versus post test mean in GROUP A was 5.14, the pre versus post test mean in
GROUP B was 3.93 and mean difference between GROUP A and GROUP B was 1.2, which
shows that there more improvement in range of motion GROUP A than GROUP B.
Therefore the study was rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative hypothesis.
Discussion
 DISCUSSION

The study investigates the effectiveness of dynamic push-up training and plyometric
push-up training on upper-body power and strength among age group 18 -35 .we select 30
patients randomly by convenient sampling and our study is experimental study were we
investigates power strength and endurance of upper extremity.

Medicine ball throw test and chest press test were taken as parameters.

Robert U Newton, conduct a study with healthy women and purpose of the study was to
find out the effectiveness of upper body plyometric training with using medicine balls floor.

According to the Rita LaRosaloud, purpose of the study was to find out the
significant improvements in chest press.

JefferyFVossen, conducted the study was to compare dynamic pushup (DPU) and
plyometric push-up(PPU)training programs. The PPU group experienced significantly
greater improvements than the DPU group on the medicine ball put. Wissem dhabi
(2018) stated that kinectic pushup exercise strenghtens the body and also explains
various pushup positions to improvr strengthening.

Pankaj (2015) stated that both dynamaic pushup and plyometric traning improves
strenghthening in upper extremity and its body performance. Abbas AV (2009)
explains commpariness of three plyometric pushup training in muscle
strengthening.Plyometric exercises which can strength hip extensor muscle, have been
often considered to increase muscle power values in runners and jumpers, although
the research findings are inconsistent.
chimielweski (2006)Plyometric exercise selection is another crucial element to
consider. Programs aimed at enhancing performance must be designed differently
from those that target reducing landing forces and minimizing injury risk . The
exercises should be as specific to the tasks or skill set performed in the sport. For
example, long jump training should be used instead of VJ to improve swim start
performances . PT is considered to improve fitness characteristics that rely more on
reactive strength and powerful leg push-off such as, lateral reaction time, 4 m lateral
and forward sprints, drop jump and maximal force Although sagittal plane, but not
frontal plane, PT significantly improved VJ height in basketball players. Coaches
should implement both types of PT as both contribute to improved power and speed .

Davis(2015) states that, an overview of plyometric exercises including historical

information, definitions, phases of plyometrics, and the scientific foundation for the
application of plyometrics. The physiological, mechanical and neurophysiological
basis of plyometrics has also been described with supporting evidence regarding its
effectiveness. Rampriez camprillo (2018), his main findings showed that both
training interventions were equally effective to improve key components of physical
fitness in amateur female soccer players when controlled for training volume.
Therefore, a higher weekly in-season PJT training frequency during 8 weeks has no
extra effects on female soccer players' physical fitness development.

Issam Makklouf (2018) finds that, Hence, static (BPT) and dynamic (APT) balance
training were more effective in the enhancement of measures that may be more
adversely affected by instability versus more stable performance measures such as
KE, lower back, and handgrip MVICs, and static balance (Stork test). It is
recommended based on the present study and prior literature that youth first
incorporate balance training exercises into their training regimes whether it be for
strength or power and then progress by adding more complex and challenging balance
activities such as agility that add greater speeds and torques to the metastable
challenges.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSSION
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The purpose of the study was to cooperation of dynamic push-up training and plyometric
push-up training on upper-body power and strength healthy women.The total number of 30
subjects were selected with healthy women with concern to all the inclusion and exclusion
criteria. Subjects were informed about the study and proper consent was taken. Medicine ball
throw and chest press were taken as parameters. Pre test data was collected for Group A and
Group B.

Group A was treated with dynamic push up training and Group B was treated with plyometric
push up training. The paired `t` test was used to compare the pre Vs post test result of Group
A and Group B separately. The unpaired ‘t’ test was used to compare the mean difference of
group A and group B. In the analysis and interpretation of medicine ball throw between group
A and group B The mean values of the groups, the unpaired ‘t’ test value was 0.311. Which
shows that there was statistically significant different between GROUP A and GROUP B.

The pre versus post test mean in GROUP A was 0.99, the pre versus post test mean in
GROUP B was 1.033, and mean difference between GROUP B and GROUP A
was 0.037, which shows that improvement in upper body power and strength greater in
GROUP B than GROUP A.

In the analysis and interpretation of chest press between group A and group B,The mean values
of two groups, the unpaired ‘t’ value was 2.1298. The result shows that there was statistically
significant different between GROUP A and GROUP B. The pre versus post test mean in
GROUP A was 5.14, the pre versus post test mean in GROUP B was 3.93 and mean difference
between GROUP A and GROUP B was 1.2, which shows that there more improvement in
range of motion GROUP A than GROUP B.
CONCLUSION:

It is concluded that both MBT group and CP showed significant results and improvement in
upper body power and strength. Plyometric push-up training is more effective than dynamic
push-up training.
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APPENDIX
 INFORMED CONSENT TO VOLUNTARILY PARTICIPATE IN RESEARCH
INVESTIGATION
Department of Physical Therapy
JKK Munirajah Medical Research Foundation
Komarapalayam-638 183, Tamilnadu

Name :
Age :
Gender :
Occupation :
Address for Communication :

DECLARATION:
I have understood the nature and the purpose of the study. I accept to be a subject
in this study. I declare that the above information in true to my knowledge.

Signature of the subject

I certify that I have explained fully to the patient about the nature and purpose of
the study, the potential benefit and possible risk of the indicator procedure
.
Signature of the investigator