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Complex Formation Between Iron (III) and Isonicotinohydroxamic Acid and Its Microbial Studies A.O. Aliyu and J.N. Nwabueze
Complex Formation Between Iron (III) and Isonicotinohydroxamic Acid and Its Microbial Studies A.O. Aliyu and J.N. Nwabueze
Complex Formation Between Iron(III) and Isonicotinohydroxamic Acid and Its Microbial
Studies
ABSTRACT: Complex of Fe(III) with isonicotinohydroxamic acid (INHA) has been investigated by
using spectrophotometric method. Fe(III) in aqueous solution revealed the sole formation of the 1:3
complexes at equilibrium. The spectra and magnetic studies of the isolated complex indicated octahedral
coordination. The bonding mode proposed for the Fe(III) hydroxamate complex is N-bonding mode.The
complex is biologically active against Staphyloccus.aureus, Escherichia-coli, Salmonella-typhyllium,
Klebsiella ,α-heamolytic Streptocococcus, Pseudomonias, Corrynebacterium and Neisseria.
KEYWORDS: Hydroxamic acid, Fe(III) complex, N-bonding mode, microorganism and octahedral
coordination.
INTRODUCTION
Hydroxamic acids having one or more- confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies carried out
CONHOH– groups have been extensively studied on complexes of tris (benzohydroxamic acid)
as a consequence of their biological importance with Fe(III) dihydrate and tris (benzohydroxamic
which is related with their ability to form metal acid) with chromium(III) (Brown et al.,1979).
ion complexes (Fernandes et al., 1997). They are known to have antibacterial and anti-
Hydroxamic acids and other compounds fungal properties and are inhibitors of enzymes
containing the hydroxamate group are ubiquitous such as prostaglandin H synthase, peroxidases,
in nature and are intimately associated with iron urease, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)
transport in bacteria (Nwabueze 1997). Iron(III) which degrade the barriers holding cells in place
complexes of naturally occurring hydroxamate and are involved in tumor growth. Their ability to
acids called siderophores, are involved in the inhibit enzymes make them ideal as drug
processes of iron transport from the environment candidates e.g Marimastat is a hydroxamic acid
into the living organisms (Nigovic et al., 2002). which is an MMP inhibitor and is at an advantage
Naturally occurring hydroxamic acids such as of clinical development as an anticancer drug
desferrioxamine B, have typically three bidentate (Celine 1972).
binding sites, making them hexadentate ligands. The biological activity of hydroxamic acids
However, a small group of these compounds have appeared to be related to their iron-chelating
only two hydroxamate binding sites. The most ability. The different but related, problems of
well-known example is rhodotorulic acid which iron-deficiency anaemia and iron overload
forms a highly stable Fe (III) complex between resulting from the treatment of thalassaemia
pH 3 and 12 (Biruset al., 1998). (Bates et al., 1972 and Dobbin and Hider
Monohydroxamic acids (such as acetohydroxamic 1990).are still serious, especially in tropical
acids CH3CONHOH = Aha) after deprotonation countries. There is therefore, a continuous search
act as bidentate ligands forming octahedral for iron complexes which can act as suitable oral
complexes with a series of metal ions via co- sources to counter iron deficiency and suitable
ordination through the two oxygen atoms of the – ligands with high affinities for iron to relieve
CONHO – group. This type of co-ordination has overload.
been observed for complexes formed with FeIII, While there are reports of studies involving iron
CrIII, NiII, CoII and ZnII ions, which exhibited complexes of some monohydroxamic acids,
octahedral configuration both in the solid state nothing is known about those derived from
and in solution (Kurzak et al.,1992).This was isonicotinohydroxamic acids despite report that
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Aliyu & Nwabueze: Complex Formation Between Iron(III) and Isonicotinohydroxamic Acid and Its Microbial Studies
other derivatives of these acids are bioactive where R = Pyridine ring for the complex of INHA model.
(Nwabueze, 1996). However, complexes of
isonicotinohydroxamic acid with Ni(II),Co(II) Preparation of the complex (Fe (INHA)32H2O)
and VOlV have been reported (Nwabueze and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O (0.8080g, 0.002 mol) in cold
Aliyu,2007; Aliyu and Nwabueze ,2008,Aliyu water was added with stirring to a solution of
and Nwabueze 2009;). INHA (0.843g, 0.006 mol) in water (20cm3). To
This paper is therefore a report on the work the resulting purple solution, a 10% solution of
carried out on the synthesis, characterization and NaHCO3 was added dropwise until precipitation
study of the interaction of iron(III) in aqueous occurred. The dark red precipitate was removed
solution with hydroxamic acid with special by filtration, washed with small aliquots of Et2O
emphasis on the structure and bonding involved. and dried over silica gel in a vacuum desiccator.
In addition, some physico-chemical properties Yield was 58%.
and the microbial activity of the complex is
investigated and included in this report.
O O H
R C
n + Mn+ M R
EXPERIMENTAL C N O
H N O n
Ethylisonicotinate was obtained from Aldrich.UK
All other reagents were of AnalaR-grade. NaNO3 Where n = the number of moles of a neutral monodentate ligand.
was used for the preparation of the background
electrolyte and stock solutions. Water was doubly Equilibrium Studies
distilled, degassed using purified N2 and stored in The pKa value for the ligand was determined
glass stoppered flasks. KOH and HNO3 used for spectrophotometrically by the method of Albert
adjusting pH were stored in glass ampoules and and Sergent (1971) using boric acid and borax of
were standardized with potassium hydrogen ionic strength 0.1 mol dm-3 and 0.025 mol dm-3 as
phthalate and tris (hydroxymethyl) methy1 with buffer for INHA ligand. In each case, the ligand
amine respectively. The pH measurements were stock solution was 5.0 x 10-4 mol dm-3 diluted
made using a radiometer Copenhangen Research five folds in the buffer solution for INHA.
pH meter calibrated with standard buffer tables Measurements were made in eight boric/borax
(2, 4 and 9). buffer solutions at 215nm on a Unicam SP800
spectrophotometer. The number of complexes
Electronic spectra were recorded on ATI Maltson present in solution at equilibrium was determined
Genesis series. FT-IRTM machine as Nujol mull in by the isosbestic point method and graphical
the 4000-200cm-1 spectra region. Room Matrix rank analysis using nine solution
temperature magnetic susceptibility containing 1:1 – 1:5 metal: ligand ratio ( ligand
measurements were made on MSB Auto magnetic concentration increasing in unit of 0.5 ). Fifteen
susceptibility balance. solutions containing 1:1 – 1:5 metal: ligand ratios
and pH values between 1 and about 3 were used
Preparation of the ligands to generate the absorbance data. A solution of I=
Isonicotinohydroxamic acid (INHA) was 0.1 mol dm-3 made up of 0.01 mol dm–3 HNO3
prepared as described by Jones and Scott (1922) and 0.09 mol dm-3 NaNO3 was used to prepare
The various stages involved in the preparation of equimolar stock solution of Fe3+ and the ligand of
NHA are as represented by the following 2.5 x 10-3 mol dm-3. The same solution was used
reactions : for all dilutions. Solutions of 0.01 and 0.1 mol
2Na + 2MeOH 2MeONa + H2 dm-3 of NaOH and HNO3 respectively, were used
NH2OH.HCI + MeONa NH2OH + NaCl + to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture. In all
MeOH case, the solution were thermostated at 25oC for
NH2OH + RCO2Et RCON(H)OH + EtOH 2hrs in ultrasonic bath.
RCON(H)OH + MeONa RCON(H)O-Na+ +
MeOH Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity
RCON(H)O- - Na+ + HCl RCON(H)OH + The antimicrobial activity of the test compound
NaCl was assayed against four Gram +ve bacteria
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Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science (2009), 17(2):181-188
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Aliyu & Nwabueze: Complex Formation Between Iron(III) and Isonicotinohydroxamic Acid and Its Microbial Studies
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Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science (2009), 17(2):181-188
Fe
3+
C O
. 2H O
2
16-20
21-25
++
+++
Minimum
Moderate
O C
26-35 ++++ Maximum
R
N
Table 5: Microbial Sensitivity Test for the
OH Ligand and its isolated Fe(III) Complex.
Bacteria INHA Fe(INHA)3.2H2O
Key: R = Pyridine. Staph. Aureus ++ ++++
Scheme 1: Proposed structure having N- bonding S. Typhylium ++ +++
mode and is an octahedrally coordinated E. Coli ++ ++++
complex. Klebsiella ++ +++
α-hemolytic Strep ++ ++++
The results of the microbial sensitivity test carried Neisseria ++ ++++
out on the ligand and its isolated Fe(III) complex Pseudo-cnonias ++ +++
Coryne-bacteria ++ +++
are shown in Tables 4 and 5. It is evident from
Table 4 that Fe(III) complex exhibit moderate
activity against S. Typhlium, Klebsiela,
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Aliyu & Nwabueze: Complex Formation Between Iron(III) and Isonicotinohydroxamic Acid and Its Microbial Studies
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Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science (2009), 17(2):181-188
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Aliyu & Nwabueze: Complex Formation Between Iron(III) and Isonicotinohydroxamic Acid and Its Microbial Studies
absorbance data. Anal. Chem. 47(7): Nicholls D. (1974). Complexes and First Row
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Birus, M., Inic, S., Nikola Kujundzic, N. and Nwabueze J.N and Aliyu A.O
Nigovic, B. (1998). Complexation of (2007)Complexes of oxovanadium IV
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