2,Thích Nhất Hạnh - Wikipedia

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Thích Nhất Hạnh

Thích Nhất Hạnh (/ˈtɪk ˈnjʌt ˈhʌn/; Vietnamese: [tʰǐk̟ ɲə̌ t hâjŋ̟ ˀ]
Thích Nhất Hạnh
( listen); born as Nguyen Xuan Bao; October 11, 1926 –
January 22, 2022) was a Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk,
peace activist, prolific author, poet, teacher,[2] and founder of the
Plum Village Tradition, historically recognized as the main
inspiration for engaged Buddhism.[3] Known as the "father of
mindfulness",[4] Nhất Hạnh was a major influence on Western
practices of Buddhism.[2]
Nhất Hạnh was exiled from Vietnam in the 1960s after

expressing opposition to the war.[2] He established dozens of
monasteries and practice centers[2] and spent most of his later life
at the Plum Village Monastery in southwest France near
Thénac,[5] travelling internationally to give retreats and talks. He
coined the term "engaged Buddhism" in his book Vietnam: Lotus
in a Sea of Fire.[6] After a 39-year exile, he was permitted to visit Nhất Hạnh in Paris in 2006
Vietnam in 2005.[7] In November 2018, he returned to Vietnam Title Thiền Sư
to his "root temple", Từ Hiếu Temple, near Huế,[8] where he (Zen master)
died on January 22, 2022, at the age of 95.[9]
Other names Thầy (teacher)
Nhất Hạnh was active in the peace and deep ecology movements, Personal
promoting nonviolent solutions to conflict and raising awareness Born Nguyễn Xuân Bảo
of the interconnectedness of all elements in nature.[10] He was the October 11, 1926
founder of the largest monastic order in the West. He also

Huế, Thừa Thiên,
refrained from consuming animal products as a means of
Annam, French
nonviolence toward animals.[11][12]
Indochina
Died January 22, 2022
(aged 95)
Contents Huế, Thừa Thiên-

Early life Huế Province,
Names applied to him Vietnam
Education Religion Thiền Buddhism
Career School Linji school (Lâm

Activism in Vietnam 1963 – 1966 Tế)[1]
Vạn Hanh Buddhist University Order of

School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS) Interbeing
The Order of Interbeing Plum Village

During the Vietnam War Tradition
Refuge in France Lineage 42nd generation
Expanded practice centers (Lâm Tế)[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thích_Nhất_Hạnh 1/20
Writings 8th generation

Later activism (Liễu Quán)[1]
Relations with Vietnamese governments Known for Engaged

Return visits to Vietnam Buddhism, father
of the mindfulness
Religious approach and influence
movement
Health
Other names Nguyễn Đình
Death
Lang
Bibliography
Dharma names Phùng Xuân, Điệu
Awards and honours Sung
In popular culture Senior posting
Films
Teacher Thích Chân Thật
Graphic novel
Based in Plum Village
See also
Monastery
Explanatory notes
References
Footnotes
External links
Early life
Nhất Hạnh was born as Nguyen Xuan Bao on October 11, 1926, in the ancient capital Huế in
central Vietnam.[13][14][15] He is 15th generation Nguyễn Đình, and the poet Nguyễn Đình Chiểu,
author of Lục Vân Tiên, was his ancestor.[16] His father, Nguyễn Đình Phúc, from Thành Trung village
in Thừa Thiên, Huế, was an official with the French administration.[16] His mother, Trần Thị Dĩ,
was a homemaker[14] from Gio Linh district.[16] Nhất Hạnh was the second youngest of their six
children.[16] Until he was age five, he lived with his large extended family at his grandmother's
home.[16] He recalled feeling joy at age 7 or 8 after he saw a drawing of a peaceful Buddha, sitting on
the grass.[15][14] At age 12, he expressed an interest in training to become a monk, which his parents,
cautious at first, eventually permitted him to pursue at age 16.[15]
Names applied to him

Nhất Hạnh had many names in his lifetime. As a boy, he received a formal family name (Nguyễn
Đình Lang) to register for school, but was known by his nickname (Bé Em). He received a spiritual
name as an aspirant for the monkhood (Điệu Sung); he received a Lineage name (Trừng Quang) when
he formally became a lay Buddhist; and when he ordained as a monk he received a Dharma name
(Phùng Xuân). He took the Dharma title (Nhất Hạnh) when he moved to Saigon in 1949.[17]
The Vietnamese name Thích (釋) is from "Thích Ca" or "Thích Già" (釋迦, "of the Shakya clan").[18] All
Buddhist monastics in East Asian Buddhism adopt this name as their surname, implying that their
first family is the Buddhist community. In many Buddhist traditions, there is a progression of names
a person can receive. The lineage name is given first when a person takes refuge in the Three Jewels.
Nhất Hạnh's lineage name is Trừng Quang (澄光, "Clear, Reflective Light"). The second is a dharma
name, given when a person takes additional vows or is ordained as a monastic. Nhất Hạnh's dharma
name is Phùng Xuân (逢春, "Meeting Spring"). Dharma titles are also sometimes given; Nhất Hạnh's
dharma title is Nhất Hạnh.[18]
Neither Nhất (一) nor Hạnh (行), which approximate the roles of middle name or intercalary name
and given name, was part of his name at birth. Nhất (一) means "one", implying "first-class", or "of
best quality"; Hạnh (行) means "action", implying "right conduct" or "good nature". He translated his
Dharma names as Nhất = One, and Hạnh = Action. Vietnamese names follow this naming
convention, placing the family or surname first, then the middle or intercalary name, which often
refers to the person's position in the family or generation, followed by the given name.[19]
Nhất Hạnh's followers called him Thầy ("master; teacher"), or Thầy Nhất Hạnh. Any Vietnamese
monk in the Mahayana tradition can be addressed as "thầy", with monks addressed as thầy tu
("monk") and nuns addressed as sư cô ("sister") or sư bà ("elder sister"). He is also known as Thiền
Sư Nhất Hạnh ("Zen Master Nhất Hạnh").[20]
Education
At age 16, Nhất Hạnh entered the monastery at Từ Hiếu Temple, where his primary teacher was Zen
Master Thanh Quý Chân Thật, who was from the 43rd generation of the Lâm Tế Zen school and the
ninth generation
of the Liễu Quán school.[13][21][15] He studied as a novice for three years and received
training in Vietnamese traditions of Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism.[13] Nhất Hạnh attended
Báo Quốc Buddhist Academy, where he was ordained as a monk in 1949.[13][2] Dissatisfied with the
focus at Báo Quốc Academy, which he found lacking in study of philosophy, literature, and foreign
languages, Nhất Hạnh left in 1950[13] and took up residence in the Ấn Quang Pagoda in Saigon.[15]
He supported himself through selling books and poetry while attending Saigon University[13] where
he studied science.[22]
In 1955 he returned to Huế and served as the editor of Phật Giáo Việt Nam (Vietnamese Buddhism),
the official publication of the General Association of Vietnamese Buddhists (Tổng Hội Phật Giáo Việt
Nam) for two years before the publication was suspended as higher-ranking monks disapproved of his
writing. He believed that this was due to his opinion that the various Buddhist organisations in South
Vietnam should unite. In 1956, while he was away teaching in Đà Lạt, his name was expunged from
the records of Ấn Quang, effectively disowning him from the temple. In late-1957, Thích Nhất Hạnh
decided to go on retreat, and established a monastic “community of resistance” named Phương Bôi, in
Đại Lao Forest near Đà Lạt. During this period, he taught at a nearby high school, and continued to
write, promoting the idea of a humanistic,
unified Buddhism.[13]
From 1959 to 1961, he taught several short courses on Buddhism at various temples in Saigon,
including the large Xá Lợi Pagoda, where his class was cancelled mid-session and he was removed due
to disapproval of his teachings. Facing further opposition from religious and secular authorities in his
home country of Vietnam,[13] Nhất Hạnh accepted a Fulbright Fellowship[23] in 1960 to study
comparative religion at Princeton University.[24] He studied at the Princeton Theological Seminary in
1961.[25][2] In 1962 he was appointed lecturer in Buddhism at Columbia University[15] and also taught
as a lecturer at Cornell University.[2] By then he had gained fluency in French, Classical Chinese,
Sanskrit, Pali and English, in addition to his native Vietnamese.[24]
Career
Activism in Vietnam 1963 – 1966
In 1963, following the military overthrow of the minority Catholic

regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem, he returned to Vietnam on 16
December 1963, on the request of Thich Tri Quang, the monk
most prominent in protesting against the religious discrimination
of Diem to help restructure the administration of Vietnamese
Buddhism.[13] As a result of a congress, the General Association of
Buddhists and other groups merged to form the Unified Buddhist
Church of Vietnam (UBCV) in January 1964, and Nhất Hạnh Buddha hall of the Từ Hiếu Pagoda
proposed that the executive publicly call for an end to the Vietnam
War, help establish an institute for the study of Buddhism and to
train future leaders, and to create a centre to train pacifist social workers based on Buddhist
teaching.[13]
In 1964, two of Nhất Hạnh's students founded La Boi Press with a grant from Mrs. Ngo Van Hieu.
Within two years, the press published 12 books, but by 1966, the publishers risked arrest and jail
because the word "peace" was taken to mean communism.[26] Nhất Hạnh also edited the weekly
journal Hải Triều Âm (Sound of the Rising Tide), the official publication of the UBCV. He
continually advocated peace and reconciliation, notably calling in September 1964, soon after the Gulf
of Tonkin incident as the war escalating, for a peace settlement, and referring to Vietcong members as
brothers. The South Vietnamese government subsequently closed the journal.[13]
On May 1, 1966, at Từ Hiếu Temple, he received the "lamp transmission" from Zen Master Chân
Thật, making him a dharmacharya (teacher)[18] and the spiritual head of Từ Hiếu and associated
monasteries.[18][27]
Vạn Hanh Buddhist University
Nhất Hạnh helped found, along with the monks with at An Quang Pagoda, the Institute of Higher
Buddhist Studies (Học Viện Phật Giáo Việt Nam), on 13 March 1964 with the support and
endorsement of the UBCV.[13] Renamed Vạn Hanh Buddhist University, it was a private institution
that taught Buddhist studies, Vietnamese culture, and languages, in Saigon. He taught Buddhist
psychology and prajnaparamita literature there,[15] and helped finance the university by fundraising
from supporters.[13]
School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS)
In the early 1960s,[2] Nhất Hạnh founded the School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS), a neutral
corps of Buddhist peace workers who went into rural areas to establish schools, build healthcare
clinics, and help rebuild villages.[5] The SYSS consisted of 10,000 volunteers and social workers who
offered aid to war-torn villages, rebuilt schools and established medical centers.[28] He left for the
U.S. shortly afterwards and was not allowed to return, leaving Sister Chân Không in charge of the
SYSS. Sister Chân Không was central to the foundation and many of the activities of the SYSS, which
organized medical, educational and agricultural facilities in rural Vietnam during the war.[29]
The Order of Interbeing
Nhất Hạnh created the Order of Interbeing (Vietnamese: Tiếp Hiện), a monastic and lay group, in
1966.[24] He headed this group, teaching Five Mindfulness Trainings[30] and the Fourteen
Mindfulness Trainings.[31] Nhất Hạnh established the Order of Interbeing from a selection of six
board members of the School for Youth and Social Services, three men and three women, who took a
vow to practice the Fourteen Precepts of Engaged Budhism.[32] He added a seventh member in
1981.[32] By 2017, the group had grown to include thousands who recite the Fourteen Precepts.[32]
During the Vietnam War
Vạn Hạnh University was taken over by one of the chancellors,

who wished to sever ties with Nhất Hạnh and the SYSS, accusing
Chân Không of being a communist. Thereafter the SYSS struggled
to raise funds and faced attacks on its members. It persisted in its
relief efforts without taking sides in the conflict.[6]
Nhất Hạnh returned to the US in 1966 to lead a symposium in

Vietnamese Buddhism at Cornell University and continue his
work for peace.[13] He was invited by Professor George McTurnan
Kahin, also of Cornell and a US government foreign policy
consultant to participate on a forum on US policy in Vietnam, to Chân Không
provide an anti-war viewpoint. On June 1, Thich Nhat Hanh (Sister True Emptiness)
released a five-point proposal addressed to the US government,
recommending that firstly, the United States make a clear
statement showing its desire to help the Vietnamese people form a government "truly responsive to
Vietnamese aspirations"; secondly, that the US and South Vietnam cease air strikes throughout
Vietnam; thirdly that all anti-communist military operations be purely defensive; fourthly, that the
US demonstrate a willingness to withdraw in a timeframe of a few months; and finally that the US
offer to pay for reconstruction.[13] He later wrote Vietnam — The Lotus in the Sea of Fire in 1967,
about his proposals.[13] The South Vietnamese military junta responded by accusing him of treason
and being a communist.[13]
While in the US, he visited Gethsemani Abbey to speak with the Trappist monk Thomas Merton.[33]
When the South Vietnamese regime threatened to block Nhất Hạnh's reentry to the country, Merton
wrote an essay of solidarity, "Nhat Hanh is my Brother".[33] In 1964, after the publication of his
famous poem, "whoever is listening, be my witness: I cannot accept this war...", Nhất Hạnh was
labeled an "antiwar poet" and denounced as a "pro-Communist propagandist" by the American
press.[2] In 1965 he had written Martin Luther King Jr. a letter titled "In Search of the Enemy of
Man".[34] During his 1966 stay in the US, Nhất Hạnh met King and urged him to publicly denounce
the Vietnam War.[35] In 1967, King gave the speech "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" at the
Riverside Church in New York City, his first to publicly question U.S. involvement in Vietnam.[36]
Later that year, King nominated Nhất Hạnh for the 1967 Nobel Peace Prize. In his nomination, King
said, "I do not personally know of anyone more worthy of [this prize] than this gentle monk from
Vietnam. His ideas for peace, if applied, would build a monument to ecumenism, to world
brotherhood, to humanity".[37] That King had revealed the candidate he had chosen to nominate and
had made a "strong request" to the prize committee was in sharp violation of Nobel traditions and
protocol.[38][39] The committee did not make an award that year.[2]
Refuge in France
Nhất Hạnh moved to Paris, France in 1966.[15] He became the

chair of the Vietnamese Buddhist Peace Delegation.[15] When the
Northern Vietnamese army took control of the south in 1975, he
was denied permission to return to Vietnam.[15] In 1976–77 he led
efforts to help rescue Vietnamese boat people in the Gulf of
Siam,[40] eventually stopping under pressure from the
governments of Thailand and Singapore.[41]
In 1969 he established the Unified Buddhist Church (Église

Bouddhique Unifiée) in France (not a part of the Unified Buddhist Deer Park Monastery in California
Church of Vietnam). In 1975 he formed the Sweet Potatoes
Meditation Centre southeast of Paris, France. In 1982, Nhất
Hạnh and Chân Không established the Plum Village Monastery, a vihara[A] in the Dordogne in the
South of France.[5] Plum Village is the largest Buddhist monastery in Europe and America, with over
200 monastics and over 10,000 visitors a year.
Expanded practice centers
The Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism[42] (formerly the Unified Buddhist Church) and
its sister organization in France, the Congrégation Bouddhique Zen Village des Pruniers, are the
legally recognized governing bodies of Plum Village in France.
Additional practice centers and associated organizations established by Nhất Hạnh and the Order of
Interbeing include Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush, New York; the Community of Mindful Living in
Berkeley, California; Parallax Press; Deer Park Monastery (Tu Viện Lộc Uyển) in Escondido,
California; Magnolia Grove Monastery (Đạo Tràng Mộc Lan) in Batesville, Mississippi; and the
European Institute of Applied Buddhism in Waldbröl, Germany.[43][44] (The Maple Forest Monastery
(Tu Viện Rừng Phong) and Green Mountain Dharma Center (Ðạo Tràng Thanh Sơn) in Vermont,
closed in 2007 and moved to the Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush, New York.) The monasteries,
open to the public during much of the year, provide ongoing retreats for laypeople, while the Order of
Interbeing holds retreats for specific groups of laypeople, such as families, teenagers, military
veterans, the entertainment industry, members of Congress, law enforcement officers and people of
colour.[45][46][47]
According to the Thích Nhất Hạnh Foundation in 2017, the charitable organization that serves as the
Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism's fundraising arm, the monastic order Nhất Hạnh
established comprises over 750 monastics in 9 monasteries worldwide.[48]
Nhất Hạnh established two monasteries in Vietnam, at the original Từ Hiếu Temple near Huế and
at Prajna Temple in the central highlands.
Writings
Nhất Hạnh has published over 130 books, including more than 100 in English, which as of January
2019 had sold over five million copies worldwide.[22][49] His books, which cover topics including
spiritual guides and Buddhist texts, teachings on mindfulness, poetry, story collections, and scholarly
essays on Zen practice,[24][14] have been translated into more than 40 languages as of January
2022.[50]
During his long exile, Nhất Hạnh's books were often smuggled into Vietnam, where they had been
banned.[14]
Later activism
In 2014, major Jewish, Islamic (Muslim), Hindu, Buddhist, Anglican, Catholic and Orthodox
Christian leaders met to sign a shared commitment against modern-day slavery; the declaration they
signed called for the elimination of slavery and human trafficking by 2020. Nhất Hạnh was
represented by Chân Không.[51]
Relations with Vietnamese governments

Nhất Hạnh's relationship with the government of Vietnam varied over the years. He stayed away
from politics, but did not support the South Vietnamese government's policies of Catholicization. He
questioned American involvement, putting him at odds with the Saigon leadership,[35][36] which
banned him from returning to South Vietnam while he was abroad in 1966.[7]
His relationship with the communist government ruling Vietnam was tense due to its atheism, though
he had little interest in politics. The communist government viewed him with skepticism, distrusted
his work with the overseas Vietnamese population, and restricted his praying requiem on several
occasions.[52]
Return visits to Vietnam
In 2005, after lengthy negotiations, the Vietnamese government

allowed Nhất Hạnh to return for a visit. He was also allowed to
teach there, publish four of his books in Vietnamese, and travel
the country with monastic and lay members of his Order,
including a return to his root temple, Tu Hieu Temple in
Huế.[7][53] The trip was not without controversy. Thich Vien
Dinh, writing on behalf of the banned Unified Buddhist Church of
Vietnam (UBCV), called for Nhất Hạnh to make a statement
against the Vietnam government's poor record on religious Nhất Hạnh at Phu Bai International
freedom. Vien Dinh feared that the Vietnamese government would Airport on his 2007 trip to Vietnam
use the trip as propaganda, suggesting that religious freedom is (aged 80)
improving there, while abuses continue.[54][55][56]
Despite the controversy, Nhất Hạnh returned to Vietnam in 2007, while the heads of the banned
UBCV, Thich Huyen Quang and Thich Quang Do, remained under house arrest. The UBCV called his
visit a betrayal, symbolizing his willingness to work with his co-religionists' oppressors. Võ Văn Ái, a
UBCV spokesman, said, "I believe Thích Nhất Hạnh's trip is manipulated by the Hanoi government
to hide its repression of the Unified Buddhist Church and create a false impression of religious
freedom in Vietnam."[52] The Plum Village website listed three goals for his 2007 trip to Vietnam: to
support new monastics in his Order; to organize and conduct "Great Chanting Ceremonies" intended
to help heal remaining wounds from the Vietnam War; and to lead retreats for monastics and
laypeople. The chanting ceremonies were originally called "Grand Requiem for Praying Equally for All
to Untie the Knots of Unjust Suffering", but Vietnamese officials objected, calling it unacceptable for
the government to "equally" pray for soldiers in the South Vietnamese army or U.S. soldiers. Nhất
Hạnh agreed to change the name to "Grand Requiem For Praying".[52] During the 2007 visit, Nhat
Hanh suggested ending government control of religion to President Nguyen Minh Triet.[57] A
provincial police officer later spoke to a reporter about this incident, accusing Nhat Hanh of breaking
Vietnamese law. The officer said, "[Nhat Hanh] should focus on Buddhism and keep out of
politics."[58]
During the 2005 visit, Nhat Hanh's followers were invited by

Abbot Duc Nghi, a member of the official Buddhist Sangha of
Vietnam, to occupy Bat Nha monastery and continue their
practice there.[58] Nhat Hanh's followers say that during a sacred
ceremony at Plum Village Monastery in 2006 Nghi received a
transmission from Nhat Hanh and agreed to let them occupy Bat
Nha.[57] Nhat Hanh's followers spent $1 million developing the
monastery, building a meditation hall for 1,800 people.[58] The Thích Nhất Hạnh during his 2007
government support initially given to Nhat Hanh's supporters is trip to Vietnam
now believed to have been a ploy to get Vietnam off the US State
Department's Religious Freedom blacklist, improve chances of
entry into the World Trade Organization, and increase foreign investment.[59]
In 2008, during an interview in Italian television, Nhat Hanh made some statements regarding the
Dalai Lama that his followers claim upset Chinese officials, who in turn put pressure on the
Vietnamese government. The chairman of Vietnam's national Committee on Religious Affairs sent a
letter which accused Nhat Hanh's organization of publishing false information about Vietnam on its
website. It was written that the posted information misrepresented Vietnam's policies on religion and
could undermine national unity. The chairman requested that Nhat Hanh's followers leave Bat Nha.
The letter also stated that Abbot Duc Nghi wanted them to leave.[58] “Duc Nghi is breaking a vow that
he made to us... We have videotapes of him inviting us to turn the monastery into a place for worship
in the Plum Village tradition, even after he dies — life after life. Nobody can go against that wish,” said
Brother Phap Kham.[57] In September and October 2009, a standoff developed, which was ended
when authorities cut the power, and followed up with police raids augmented by mobs assembled
through gang contacts. The attackers used sticks and hammers to break in and dragged off hundreds
of monks and nuns.[59][60] “Senior monks were dragged like animals out of their rooms, then left
sitting in the rain until police dragged them to the taxis where ‘black society’ bad guys pushed them
into cars,” a villager said during a phone interview.[60] Two senior monks had their IDs taken and
were put under house arrest without charges in their home towns.[60]
Religious approach and influence

Nhất Hạnh's approach has been to combine a variety of teachings
of Early Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhist traditions of Yogācāra
and Zen, and ideas from Western psychology to teach mindfulness
of breathing and the four foundations of mindfulness, offering a
modern light on meditation practice. His presentation of the
Prajnaparamita in terms of "interbeing" has doctrinal antecedents
in the Huayan school of thought,[61] which "is often said to
provide a philosophical foundation" for Zen.[62]
Rewata Dhamma, Sangharakshita,
and Nhất Hạnh (l-r) in Berlin, 1992 Nhất Hạnh completed new English and Vietnamese translations
of the Heart Sutra in September 2014.[63] In a letter to his
students,[63] he said he wrote these new translations because he
thought that poor word choices in the original text had resulted in significant misunderstandings of
these teachings for almost 2,000 years.[63]
Nhất Hạnh has also been a leader in the Engaged Buddhism movement[1] (he is credited with coining
the term[64]), promoting the individual's active role in creating change. Nhất Hạnh has restated the
five precepts for lay Buddhists, which were traditionally written in terms of refraining from negative
activities, to committing to taking positive action to prevent or minimise others' negative actions, such
as instead of merely refraining from stealing, to 'prevent others from profiting from human suffering
or the suffering of other species on Earth' such as taking action against unfair practices or unsafe
workplaces provided by employers.[65] He credited the 13th-century Vietnamese Emperor Trần
Nhân Tông with originating the concept. Trần Nhân Tông abdicated his throne to become a monk
and founded the Vietnamese Buddhist school of the Bamboo Forest tradition.[66]
Described as "the Father of Mindfulness,"[4] Thích Nhất Hạnh

has been credited as being one of the main figures in bringing
Buddhism to the west, in particular for making mindfulness well
known in the west.[67] According to James Shaheen, the editor of
US Buddhist magazine Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, "In the
West, he's an icon. I can't think of a Western Buddhist who does
not know of Thich Nhat Hanh.",[7] and has been described as
being second only to the Dalai Lama in terms of public profile.[7]
His 1975 book The Miracle of Mindfulness was credited with
helping to "lay the foundations" for the use of mindfulness in
treating depression through "mindfulness-based cognitive
therapy", influencing the work of University of Washington
psychology professor Marsha M. Linehan, the originator of
Thích Nhất Hạnh in Vught, the
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).[4] J. Mark G. Williams, from
Netherlands, 2006
Oxford University and the Oxford Mindfulness Centre, said that
"What he was able to do was to communicate the essentials of
Buddhist wisdom and make it accessible to people all over the
world, and build that bridge between the modern world of psychological science and the modern
healthcare system and these ancient wisdom practices – and then he continued to do that in his
teaching."[4] One of Nhất Hạnh's students Jon Kabat-Zinn, went on to develop the mindfulness-
based stress reduction course that is available at hospitals and medical centres across the world,[22]
and as of 2015, around 80% of medical schools are reported to have offered mindfulness training.[68]
As of 2019, it was reported that mindfulness as espoused by Nhat Hanh had become the theoretical
underpinning of a $1.1 billion industry in the US. One survey determined that 35% of employers used
mindfulness in practices in the workplace.[22]
Thích Nhất Hạnh was also known for his involvement in interfaith dialogue, which was not common
at the time. He was noted for his friendships with Martin Luther King Jr and Thomas Merton, and
King wrote in his Nobel nomination for Nhất Hạnh that "His ideas for peace, if applied, would build
a momentum to ecumenism, to world brotherhood, to humanity".[69] Merton wrote an essay for
Jubilee in August 1966 entitled "Nhất Hạnh Is My Brother", in which he said "I have far more in
common with Nhất Hạnh than I have with many Americans, and I do not hesitate to say it. It is
vitally important that such bonds be admitted. They are the bonds of a new solidarity ... which is
beginning to be evident on all five continents and which cuts across all political, religious and cultural
lines to unite young men and women in every country in something that is more concrete than an
ideal and more alive than a program."[69] In the same year, he met with Pope Paul VI and the pair
called on Catholics and Buddhists to help bring about world peace, especially relating to the conflict in
Vietnam.[69] According to Buddhism scholar Sallie B. King, Thích Nhất Hạnh "extremely skilled at
expressing their teachings in the language of a kind of universal spirituality rather than a specifically
Buddhist terminology. The language of this universal spirituality is the same as the basic values that
they see expressed in other religions as well".[70]
Health
In November 2014, Nhất Hạnh
experienced a severe brain
hemorrhage and was
hospitalized.[71][72] After months of
rehabilitation, he was released from
the stroke rehabilitation clinic at
Bordeaux Segalen University, in
France. On July 11, 2015, he flew to
San Francisco to speed his recovery
with an aggressive rehabilitation Nhất Hạnh with monks and nuns at the Plum Village in Thailand,
program at UCSF Medical Center.[73] 2015
He returned to France on January 8,
2016.[74]
After spending 2016 in France, Nhất Hạnh travelled to Thai Plum Village.[75] He continued to see
both Eastern and Western specialists while in Thailand,[75] but was unable to verbally communicate
for the remainder of his life.[75]
On November 2, 2018, a press release from the Plum Village community confirmed that Nhất Hạnh,
then aged 92, had returned to Vietnam a final time and would live at Từ Hiếu Temple for "his
remaining days". In a meeting with senior disciples, he had "clearly communicated his wish to return
to Vietnam using gestures, nodding and shaking his head in response to questions".[8] A
representative of Plum Village, Sister True Dedication, has described his life in Vietnam:
"Thầy's health has been remarkably stable, and he is continuing to receive Eastern
treatment and acupuncture," wrote Plum Village representative Sister True Dedication in
an email. "When there's a break in the rains, Thay comes outside to enjoy visiting the Root
Temple's ponds and stupas, in his wheelchair, joined by his disciples. Many practitioners,
lay and monastic, are coming to visit Tu Hieu, and there is a beautiful, light atmosphere of
serenity and peace, as the community enjoys practicing together there in Thay's
presence."[76]
Death
Nhất Hạnh died at his residence in Từ Hiếu Temple in Huế, Vietnam, on January 22, 2022, at the
age of 95 as a result of complications from his stroke seven years prior.[77][9][50] His death was widely
mourned by various Buddhist groups in and outside Vietnam. Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama,
South Korean President Moon Jae-in and the U.S. State Department also issued words of
condolences.[78][79][80]
His five-day funeral began on the day of his death in Hue, culminating with his cremation on January
29.[50] In a book written by Nhất Hạnh back in 2015, he described what he wanted for the
disposition of his remains, in part to illustrate how he believes that he 'continues' on in his teachings:
"I have a disciple in Vietnam who wants to build a stupa for my ashes when I die. He and
others want to put a plaque with the words, “Here lies my beloved teacher.” I told them not
to waste the temple land...I suggested that, if they still insist on building a stupa, they have
the plaque say, “I am not in here.” But in case people don’t get it, they could add a second
plaque, “I am not out there either.” If still people don’t understand, then you can write on
the third and last plaque, “I may be found in your way of breathing and walking.”"[81]
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Anger: Wisdom for Cooling the Flames, Riverhead Trade, 2002, ISBN 1-57322-937-7
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Works by or about Thích Nhất Hạnh (https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50-6399) in libraries
(WorldCat catalog)
You Are Here: Discovering the Magic of the Present Moment, Shambhala Publications, 2010,
ISBN 978-1590308387
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ISBN 978-1-59030-926-1
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Zen and the Art of Saving the Planet, Harper Collins, 2021, ISBN 978-0-06-295479-4
Awards and honours

Nobel laureate Martin Luther King Jr. nominated Nhất Hạnh for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1967.[37]
The prize was not awarded that year.[82] Nhất Hạnh was awarded the Courage of Conscience award
in 1991.[83]
Nhất Hạnh received 2015's Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom Award.[84][85]
In November 2017, the Education University of Hong Kong conferred an honorary doctorate upon
Nhất Hạnh for his "lifelong contributions to the promotion of mindfulness, peace and happiness
across the world". As he was unable to attend the ceremony in Hong Kong, a simple ceremony was
held on August 29, 2017, in Thailand, where John Lee Chi-kin, vice-president (academic) of EdUHK,
presented the honorary degree certificate and academic gown to Nhất Hạnh on the university's
behalf.[86][87]
In popular culture
Films
Nhất Hạnh has been featured in many films, including The Power of Forgiveness, shown at the
Dawn Breakers International Film Festival.[88]
He also appears in the 2017 documentary Walk with Me directed by Marc J Francis and Max Pugh,
and supported by Oscar-winner Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu.[89] Filmed over three years, Walk with
Me focuses on the Plum Village monastics' daily life and rites, with Benedict Cumberbatch narrating
passages from Fragrant Palm Leaves in voiceover.[90] The film was released in 2017, premiering at
SXSW Festival.[89]
Graphic novel
Along with Alfred Hassler and Chân Không, Nhất Hạnh is the subject of the 2013 graphic novel The
Secret of the 5 Powers.[91]
See also
Buddhism in Vietnam
Buddhist crisis
Chan Buddhism
List of peace activists
Religion and peacebuilding
Explanatory notes
A. Buddhist monastery and Zen center; a secluded retreat originally intended for wandering monks
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External links
Order of Interbeing (http://www.orderofinterbeing.org/)
Parallax Press (http://www.parallax.org/) – founded by Thich Nhat Hanh
Plum Village (http://www.plumvillage.org/) – Thich Nhat Hanh's monastery
Sangha Directory (http://www.mindfulnessbell.org/directory.php) – List of communities practicing
in Thich Nhat Hanh's tradition
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1/30/22, 12:23 AM Thích Nhất Hạnh - Wikipedia

Thích Nhất Hạnh

Nhất Hạnh was exiled from Vietnam in the 1960s after

founder of the largest monastic order in the West. He also

Contents Huế, Thừa Thiên-

Education Religion Thiền Buddhism

Career School Linji school (Lâm

Vạn Hanh Buddhist University Order of

The Order of Interbeing Plum Village

Writings 8th generation

Relations with Vietnamese governments Known for Engaged

Names applied to him

Activism in Vietnam 1963 – 1966

In 1963, following the military overthrow of the minority Catholic

Vạn Hanh Buddhist University

School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS)

The Order of Interbeing

During the Vietnam War

Vạn Hạnh University was taken over by one of the chancellors,

Nhất Hạnh returned to the US in 1966 to lead a symposium in

Nhất Hạnh moved to Paris, France in 1966.[15] He became the

In 1969 he established the Unified Buddhist Church (Église

Expanded practice centers

Relations with Vietnamese governments

Return visits to Vietnam

In 2005, after lengthy negotiations, the Vietnamese government

During the 2005 visit, Nhat Hanh's followers were invited by

Religious approach and influence

Described as "the Father of Mindfulness,"[4] Thích Nhất Hạnh

Awards and honours

61. McMahan, David L. (2008). The making of Buddhist modernism (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thích_Nhất_Hạnh&oldid=1068701703"

This page was last edited on 29 January 2022, at 22:14 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;

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