SOUTHWAY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(SOCOTECH)

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

PRACTICUM
INTERNSHIP (OJT 1)
“CASE STUDY AMONG RECORDS IN SELECTED BARANGAY,
MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION AND BUREAU OF FIRE
PROTECTION IN MARIHATAG SURIGAO DEL SUR”

SUBMITTED BY;
HELBERT SIGA SECTION A
BRENT GARCIA SECTION F
JHON REYMOND AVILA SECTION F
BRINT DAVE CUYNO SECTION F
CRIZALDO LICAYAN SECTION F
DEVIN CARL BOLATETE

SUBMITTED TO;
ARNEL O BENTOSO, MSCJ
INTRODUCTION
This study solely focuses in the cases gathered among records in selected barangay,
Municipal Police station and Bureau of Fire Protection that stationed in Marihatag
Surigao del sur. Included in this paper are the criminality that has been recorded by
aforementioned in the year of 2019, 2020 and 2021 and recommendations on how will
going to prevent the problems that being interpreted. As a world abruptly change, the
distribution of problem in criminality continuously arrived until at the last corner of our
archipelago. Thus, criminality it seems like pandemic because the adverse effects is not
only included one locality but the whole world.
Problems in the criminality into the different sectors are not foreign for us. Just like to
other locality, Municipality of Marihatag also facing crisis in dealing with this. Even in
this beautiful Municipality it still does not excuse for criminality. Municipality of Marihatag
is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Surigao del sur is politically subdivided into
12 barangays and it is a rising municipality that being blessed by natural resources,
virgin forests, cultures and traditions. Due to its beautiful and abundant resources many
people migrate to earn living and live in the Municipality of Marihatag. Logically, it is not
far from the mind-off that one of the factors of the criminality in Marihatag was borne by
the migrants.
People partake criminality for all different factors some seemingly participate for no
reasons, some is for negligence. We back before the outgrowth of school of thought of
criminology the explanation was based on the religion that people commit a crime
because they possess by a bad spirit when the school of criminology entered into the
history many explanations that emerge like the crime is causes by genes and hereditary
factor some state that people commit a crime because they can’t distinguish from right
and wrong. Also, some state that people have illnesses and morbid that induces them to
commit a crime and because of other factor such as economic factor.
Throughout the course of this paper we will interpret the data that has been given by
aforesaid in order to determine the most recorded criminality, problems in community
and high percentages in the PNP, BFP and selected barangay in the said municipality.
We will also look for recommendations because some crimes were so heinous in nature
and rampant. Thus, PNP, BFP and officials in selected barangay will use this
recommendation in verbatim in order to supplement their programs and to continue their
advocacy to community “To protect and serve”. Future students who will conduct study
will use this paper also as their guide and basis if there is a modification of the record
undermentioned.
METHODOLOGY

The graduating fourth year criminology students were given the task of asking records
of PNP, BFP and selected barangay for the figures of criminality happened in the year
2019, 2020 and 2021. To have that records, the students based in municipality where
they reside were grouped and ask records of abovementioned
For data results and interpretation, the records were collected. Using percentage of
every figures of records it will disclosed the highest and lowest criminality among
records of PNP, BFP and selected barangay of Marihatag, Surigao del sur.
After the students completed to compute percentages, the data will graph in order to
emphasize the highest and lowest percentage. Thereafter, the students will interpret the
data base on the findings in the table and graph and to site reasons why this particular
act is highest or lowest in the Municipality.
In addition, students will also provide recommendations and conclusion in order to
strengthen and supplement their programs and basis if there is a modification of the
records undermentioned.
RESULT
(PNP Year Perce Year Perce Year Perce Over Over all
RECORD) 2019 ntage 2020 ntage 2021 ntage all Percenta
% % % total ge
Nature of (2019- (2019-
the crime 2020)
2021)
%
Crime
against
Person
Homicide 1 12.5% 1 6.67%
Murder 3 37.5% 1 33.33% 2 50% 6 40%
Physical 2 25% 2 50% 4 26.67%
injury
Rape 2 25% 1 33.33% 3 20%
Rape with 1 33.33% 1 6.67%
homicide
Total 8 100% 3 100% 4 100% 15 100%
Crime
against
Property
Robbery in 1 100% 1 12.5%
band
Theft 3 75% 3 37.5%
Qualified 1 25% 2 66.67% 3 37.5%
theft
Robbery 1 33.33% 1 12.5%
Total 1 100% 4 100% 3 100% 8 100%
Non-
Index
crime
Grave 1 11.11% 1 16.67% 2 7.41%
threats
Resisting 2 22.22% 6 50% 8 29.63%
authorities
Slander 3 33.33% 2 33.33% 5 8.77%
Destructive 1 8.33% 1 3.70%
arson
Direct 1 8.33% 1 3.70%
assault
Estafa 1 8.33% 1 16.67% 2 7.41%
Attempted 1 16.67% 1 3.70%
rape
Frustrated 3 33.33% 3 25% 1 16.67% 7 25.93%
murder
Total 9 100% 12 100% 6 100% 27 100%
Traffic
incident
RIR in 2 14.29% 2 16.67% 4 12.90%
Homicide
RIR in 8 57.14% 6 50% 3 60% 17 54.84%
Physical
Injury
RIR Damage 4 28.57% 4 33.33% 2 40% 10 32.26%
to property
Total 14 100% 12 100% 5 100% 31 100%
Special laws
Anti-child 1 2.70% 2 6.89% 1 6.25% 4 4.88%
abuse law
Anti- 1 2.70% 4 13.79% 1 6.25% 6 7.32%
gambling
law
Anti VAWC 3 8.11% 2 6.89% 5 6.097%
act
Comp. 3 8.11% 2 12.5% 5 6.097%
Dangerous
drug act
Omnibus 1 2.70% 1 1.22%
election
code
Comp. 4 10.81% 4 13.79% 8 50% 16 19.51%
firearms
law , ,ammu
nition and
explosive
Illegal 23 62.16% 11 37.93% 3 18.75% 37 45.12%
logging
Illegal 1 2.70% 3 10.34% 4 4.88%
numbers
game
Chain saw 1 3.45% 1 6.25% 2 2.44%
act of 2002
Coconut 1 3.45% 1 1.22%
preservation
act
People small 1 3.45% 1 1.22%
scale mining
act
Total 37 100% 29 100% 16 100% 82 100%
(BFP Year Perce Year Perce Year Perce Over Over all
RECORD) 2019 ntage 2020 ntage 2021 ntage all Percenta
% % % total ge
Nature of (2019- (2019-
the crime 2020)
2021)
%
Accidental 5 83.33% 8 100% 3 100% 16 94.12%
fire
Destructive 1 16.67% 1 5.88%
arson
Total 6 100% 8 100% 3 100% 17 100%

Year Perc Year Perce Year Perce Over Over

BRGY. 2019 enta 2020 ntage 2021 ntage all all
BAYAN (Q1- ge Q3 % % total Percen
RECORD Q3) % (2019- tage
(2019-
2021)
2020)
Light 5 25% U
threats
Demand for 1 5% N
payment of
debts
Solid waste 1 5% E
garbage
Damage 6 30% V
property
Family 2 10% A
relation
demand for 1 5% L
share
theft and 2 10% U
trespassing
Boundary 2 10% A
conflict
psychologic 1 100% T
al abuse
(VAWC)
TOTAL 20 100% 1 100% E

INTERPRETATION
1. The distribution of crime against person is shown in table 1 from Year 2019, 2020
and 2021. Figure 1 emphasizes the percentage of crime against person in the year
2019, figure 2 in the year 2020 and figure 3 emphasizes also the percentage of the said
crime in the year 2021. Data revealed that the highest percentage in the year 2019 is
Murder (37.5%), Murder defined as stated in article 248 as the intentional killing of
person with the presence of qualifying circumstances as enumerated in the said article,
while in the year 2020 Murder, Rape and Rape with Homicide have the same
percentage (33.33%) Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual
intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without the
persons consent (en.m.wikipedia.org) and Rape with homicide defined as when the
rape is attempted and a homicide is committed by reason or on the occasion
thereof(R.A 8353). In the year 2021 the crime of Murder and Physical Injury has been
recorded having percentage (50%) Physical injury are damage to any bodily tissue to
the extent that the tissue must undergo healing process in order to be restored to a
sound and healthy condition (lawinsider.com). In overall total percentage from year
2019 to 2021 data disclosed that Murder as crime against person have highest
percentage (40%) in Municipality of Marihatag.
Table 1. Distribution of Crime against Person
(PNP Year Percentage Year Percentage Year Percentage Over Over all
RECORD) 2019 % 2020 % 2021 % all total Percent
(2019- age
Nature of 2021) (2019-
the crime 2020)
%
Crime
against
Person
Homicide 1 12.5% 1 6.67%
Murder 3 37.5% 1 33.33% 2 50% 6 40%
Physical 2 25% 2 50% 4 26.67%
injury
Rape 2 25% 1 33.33% 3 20%
Rape with 1 33.33% 1 6.67%
homicide
Total 8 100% 3 100% 4 100% 15 100%
Figure 1

Crime against Person (Year 2019)

25.00%
37.50%

25.00%
12.50%

Murder Homicide Physical injury Rape

Figure 2

Crime against person (Year 2020)

0.3333 0.3333

0.3333

Murder Rape with homicide Rape

Figure 3

Crime against Person (Year 2021)

Murder
50% 50% Physical injury
2. The distribution of crime against property is shown in Table 2 from year 2019 to 2021.
Figure 4 emphasizes the percentage of crime against property in the year 2019, figure 5
in the year 2020 and also figure 6 emphasizes the percentage in the year 2021. Data
divulge that in the year 2019 only robbery in band has been recorded under article 294
(5) in relation to article 295 and article 296 of the Revised Penal Code, Robbery in band
is committed when four (4) or more malefactors take part in the robbery . In Year 2020,
there were two crimes against property has been recorded this are Theft and Qualified
theft and the highest percentage (75%) is the crime of theft this crime are two separate
and distinct crimes punishable under Philippine law. Theft as crime which is committed
by any person who, with intent to gain but without violence against or intimidation of
persons nor force upon things shall take personal property of another without the latter’s
consent (Article 308,RPC of the Philippines) Qualified theft on other hand is crime
committed by a domestic servants or with grave abuse of confidence, or if the property
stolen is motor vehicle, mail matter or large cattle or consists of coconuts taken from the
premises of the plantation or fish taken from a fishpond or fishery, or if property is taken
on the occasion of fire, earthquake, typhoon, volcanic eruption, or any other calamity,
vehicular accident or civil disturbance (Article 310, Ibid). In the year 2021, qualified theft
has the highest percentage (66.67%) than the crime of Robbery. Robbery defined as
the taking with the intent to gain of personal property belonging to another by use of
force, violence or intimidation. Over all percentage from the year 2019 to 2021 revealed
that theft and Qualified theft are highest percentage (37.5%) in the Municipality of
Marihatag for Crime against property.
Table 2. Distribution of Crimes against Property
(PNP Year Percen Year Percen Year Percen Over all Over all
RECORD) 2019 tage 2020 tage 2021 tage total Percentage
% % % (2019-2021) (2019-2020)
Nature of %
the crime

Crime
against
Property
Robbery in 1 100% 1 12.5%
band
Theft 3 75% 3 37.5%
Qualified 1 25% 2 66.67% 3 37.5%
theft
Robbery 1 33.33% 1 12.5%
Total 1 100% 4 100% 3 100% 8 100%
Figure 4

Robbery in Band

100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1
Crime against Property Year 2019

Figure 5

Crime against Property Year 2020

80%

70% 75%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20% 25%

10%

0%
theft Qualified theft
Figure 6

Crime against Property Year 2021

66.67%
70.00%

60.00%

50.00%
33.33%
40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Qualified theft robbery
3. The distribution of Non index crime is shown in table 3 from year 2019 to 2021.
Figure 7 emphasizes the percentages of Non-index crime in the year 2019, figure 8 in
the year 2020 and also figure 9 in the year 2021. Data revealed that the highest
percentage (33.33%) in the year 2019 are Slander and Frustrated Murder. Slander is
the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person reputation
while Frustrated Murder the accused performs all acts which he believes necessary to
consummate the crime but death did not result for reasons entirely apart from the will of
the accused (https.//www. lawphil.net).In year 2020, the highest percentage (50%) is the
crime of Resisting authorities or refusing to obey the orders of a person in authority .
while in the year 2021 Slander has the highest percentage (33.33%). Data disclosed
that the overall highest percentage (29.63%) from year 2019 to 2021 is the crime of
Resisting Authorities in the Municipality of Marihatag for the non-index crime.
Table 3. Distribution of Non-Index crime
(PNP Year Percen Year Percen Year Percen Over all Over all
RECORD) 2019 tage 2020 tage 2021 tage total Percenta
% % % (2019- ge
Nature of 2021) (2019-
the crime 2020)
%
Non-
Index
crime
Grave 1 11.11% 1 16.67% 2 7.41%
threats
Resisting 2 22.22% 6 50% 8 29.63%
authorities
Slander 3 33.33% 2 33.33% 5 8.77%
Destructive 1 8.33% 1 3.70%
arson
Direct 1 8.33% 1 3.70%
assault
Estafa 1 8.33% 1 16.67% 2 7.41%
Attempted 1 16.67% 1 3.70%
rape
Frustrated 3 33.33% 3 25% 1 16.67% 7 25.93%
murder
Total 9 100% 12 100% 6 100% 27 100%
Figure 7

Non Index Crime Year 2019

35.00% 33.33% 33.33%

30.00%

25.00%
22.22%

20.00%

15.00%
11.11%
10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
Grave threats Resisting authorities Slander Frustrated murder

Figure 8

Non-Index Crime Year 2020

25%
Frustrated murder

Estafa 8%

8%
Direct assault

Destructive arson 8%

50%
Resisting authorities

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Figure 9

Non-index crime year 2021

33%
35.00%

30.00%

25.00%

20.00% 17% 17% 17% 17%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
Grave Threats Slander Estafa Frustrated murder Attempted Rape
33.33%
4. The distribution of Traffic Incident from year 2019 to 2020 is shown in Table 4. Figure
10 represents the percentage of the traffic incident in the year 2019, figure 11 in the
year 2020, and lastly, figure 12 represents in the year 2021. Data shown that the
highest percentage (57.14%) in the year 2019, (50%) in the year 2020 and (60%) is
reckless imprudence resulting in Physical Injury. Reckless imprudence consists
involuntarily, but without malice, doing or failing to do an act from which material
damage results by reason of inexcusable lack of precaution on the part of the person
performing or failing to perform such act, taking into consideration his employment or
occupation, degree of intelligence, physical condition and other circumstances
regarding persons, time and place (lawphil.net). Data divulge that reckless imprudence
resulting in physical Injury has the highest percentage (54.84%) from the year 2019 to
2021 in the Municipality of Marihatag.
Table 4. Distribution of Traffic Incident
(PNP Year Percent Year Percen Year Percent Over Over all
RECORD) 2019 age 2020 tage 2021 age all total Percent
% % % (2019- age
Nature of 2021) (2019-
the crime 2020)
%
Traffic
incident
RIR in 2 14.29% 2 16.67% 4 12.90%
Homicide
RIR in 8 57.14% 6 50% 3 60% 17 54.84%
Physical
Injury
RIR 4 28.57% 4 33.33% 2 40% 10 32.26%
Damage to
property
Total 14 100% 12 100% 5 100% 31 100%
Figure 10

Traffic Incident Year 2019

60.00%
57.14%
50.00%

40.00%

30.00% 28.57%

20.00%
14.29%
10.00%

0.00%
RIR in Homicide RIR in Physical Injury RIR Damage to property

Figure 11

Traffic Incident Year 2020

50%

33%

17%

RIR in Homicide RIR in Physical Injury RIR Damage to property

Figure 12

Traffic Incident Year 2021

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
RIR in Physical Injury RIR Damage to property
5. The distribution of Special law violations from year 2019 to 2021 is shown in table 5.
Figure 13 emphasizes the percentage of violation of Special laws in the year 2019,
Figure 14 in the year 2020 and also Figure 15 in the year 2021. Data revealed that the
Illegal logging is the highest percentage (62.16%) in the year 2019 and (37.93%) in
Year 2020. Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in
violations of laws as by provided by Republic act no. 3701. In the year 2021 the highest
percentage (50%) is the comprehensive firearms and ammunition law. Data disclosed
that the highest overall percentage (45.12%) in violation of special law in Municipality of
Marihatag is the Illegal logging.
Table 5. Distribution of Special laws violations
(PNP Year Percen Year Percen Year Percen Over Over
RECORD) 2019 tage 2020 tage 2021 tage all total all
% % % (2019- Percen
Nature of 2021) tage
the crime (2019-
2020)
%
Special laws
Anti-child 1 2.70% 2 6.89% 1 6.25% 4 4.88%
abuse law
Anti- 1 2.70% 4 13.79% 1 6.25% 6 7.32%
gambling
law
Anti VAWC 3 8.11% 2 6.89% 5 6.097%
act
Comp. 3 8.11% 2 12.5% 5 6.097%
Dangerous
drug act
Omnibus 1 2.70% 1 1.22%
election
code
Comp. 4 10.81% 4 13.79% 8 50% 16 19.51%
firearms and
,ammunition
law
Illegal 23 62.16% 11 37.93% 3 18.75% 37 45.12%
logging
Illegal 1 2.70% 3 10.34% 4 4.88%
numbers
game
Chain saw 1 3.45% 1 6.25% 2 2.44%
act of 2002
Coconut 1 3.45% 1 1.22%
preservation
act
People small 1 3.45% 1 1.22%
scale mining
act
Total 37 100% 29 100% 16 100% 82 100%

Figure 13

Special Law Year 2019

2.70% 2.70% 2.70%
8.11%
8.11%

2.70%

10.81%
62.16%

Anti-child abuse law Anti-gambling law

Anti VAWC act Comp. Dangerous drug act
Omnibus election code Comp. firearms law , ,ammunition and explosive
Illegal logging Illegal numbers game
Figure 14

Special law Year 2020

3.45% 3.45% 6.89%
3.45% 13.79%
10.34%

6.89%

13.79%
37.93%

Anti-child abuse law Anti-gambling law

Anti VAWC act Comp. firearms law , ,ammunition and explosive
Illegal logging Illegal numbers game
Chain saw act of 2002 Coconut preservation act
People small scale mining act

Figure 15

Special Crime year 2021

6.25% 6.25%
6.25%

18.75%
12.50%

50.00%

Anti-child abuse law Anti-gambling law

Comp. Dangerous drug act Comp. firearms law , ,ammunition and explosive
Illegal logging Chain saw act of 2002
6. The distribution of fire incident from record of the Bureau of fire protection (BFP)
stationed at Marihatag, Surigao del sur that has been recorded from Year of 2019 to
2021 is shown in table 6. Figure 16, show the percentage of fire Incident from year 2019
to 2020 and Figure 17 also represent the percentage of the fire incident in the year of
2021. Data disclosed that Accidental fire is the utmost fire incident that has been
recorded from the year 2019 to 2021 with the overall percentage (94.12%) in
Municipality of Marihatag. Accidental fire are those cause does not involve any
deliberate human act to ignite or spread the fire
Table 6. Distribution Fire Incident
(BFP Year Percen Year Perce Year Perce Over all Over
RECORD) 2019 tage 2020 ntage 2021 ntage total all
% % % (2019- Percen
Nature of 2021) tage
the crime (2019-
2020)
%
Accidental 5 83.33% 8 100% 3 100% 16 94.12%
fire
Destructive 1 16.67% 1 5.88%
arson
Total 6 100% 8 100% 3 100% 17 100%

Figure 16

BFP RECORDS YEAR 2020 &2021

100% 100%

Accidental fire Year 2020 Accidental Fire Year 2021

Figure 17

BFP RECORDS YEAR 2020 &2021

100% 100%

Accidental fire Year 2020 Accidental Fire Year 2021

7. The distribution of recorded cases of selective barangay in Municipality of Marihatag
from year 2019 to 2021 is shown in table 7. Figure 18, show percentage in cases
recorded in the year 2019 quarter 1 to 3 and Figure 19 emphasizes percentage also in
the year 2020 quarter 3. Data revealed that highest percentage (30%) is the damage to
property in the year 2019 from quarter 1 to 3. In year 2020 quarter 3, only psychological
abuse that has being submitted by the said barangay, without bad faith or negligence
files and records in year 2020 quarter 1 to 3 were destroyed due to the huge flood that
ravaged the entire municipality. While in year 2021 it is still not evaluated.

Table 7. Distribution of recorded cases of selective barangay

Year Perce Year Perce Year Percen Over Over
BRGY. 2019 ntage 2020 ntage 2021 tage all total all
BAYAN (Q1- % Q3 % % (2019- Percen
RECORD Q3) 2021) tage
(2019-
2020)
Light 5 25% U
threats
Demand 1 5% N
for
payment
of debts
Solid waste 1 5% E
garbage
Damage 6 30% V
property
Family 2 10% A
relation
demand for 1 5% L
share
theft and 2 10% U
trespassin
g
Boundary 2 10% A
conflict
psychologi 1 100% T
cal abuse
(VAWC)
TOTAL 20 100% 1 100% E
Figure 18

30% Brgy. Bayan Record Year 2019 Q1-Q3

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

Figure 19

Brgy.Bayan Record Year 2020 Q3

100%

CONNCLUSION
From the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn

Based on the records submitted by the PNP stationed at Marihatag, Surigao del sur the
utmost percentage that has been recorded in crime against person is Murder (40%), In
Crimes against Property theft and qualified theft have same percentage ranges (37.5%),
in non-index crime Resisting of authorities have a highest percentage (29.63%), Also in
traffic incidents percentage ranges of (54.84%) for Reckless imprudence resulting in
Physical Injury and finally, in violation of special laws illegal logging have the highest
percentage (45.12%). Those abovementioned are the overall total of percentage from
year of 2019 to 2021.

On the records submitted by the Bureau of fire protection, Accidental fire is the topmost
Incident come about from the year 2019 to the present having a highest percentage
(94.12%).

Lastly, on cases submitted by the officials of selected barangay the topless cases is the
damage to property from year 2019 quarter 1 to 3. In year 2020 there’s only have
psychological violence case that has been recorded. Even though some records were
destroyed and unevaluated particularly in year 2021 there still have a basis to determine
the highest percentage.
RECOMMENDATION
On the basis of the findings, the following recommendation were offered for
consideration

PNP
They should continuously do their duties and responsibilities as mandated by law. They should
also strengthen their programs for preventions in order to maintain the safety and to be more
efficient and effective model for the community in the Marihatag Surigao del sur. Moreover, they
should intensify their proactive measures such as patrolling and police visibility
Have ability to communicate and competency regarding with crime prevention.

BFP
Should continually conduct community awareness such as dialogue and pulong-pulong,
awareness lecture, conducting seminar, distribution of flyers regarding how to prevent
accidental fire.
Educational campaign tailored to the specific need for the preventions of accidental fire
Competency of fire officers to ensure the safety of community regarding accidental fire
Brgy. Bayan (Selected barangay)
Officials should be diligent with the records of barangay it must be organized and
recorded in other electronic means. They should also take act on time to evaluate the
records in order not be burden to whom in charge.