Assignment 2

Communication Theory
EC5.203 - Spring 2022

Date: 25 Jan 2022 Deadline: 7 Feb 2022

Topics: PSD and AM Marks: 50 (10x3 + 20)

Instructions:
• Clearly state the assumptions made (if any) that are not specified in the question.
• For analytical problems, write your answers on A4 sheets and scan them in pdf format. Submit pdf file
(named as ‘Rollnumber A2 ‘) through Moodle by the submission deadline.
• For simulation problems, please write the codes in Matlab. In addition to codes, provide a report
(in pdf format) including the analytical description (if any) and clearly depicting the generated plots
with appropriate labels. Ensure that the simulation setup and parameters are clearly mentioned in
the report. Submit a zipped folder (named as ‘Rollnumber A2‘) containing the both report and codes
through Moodle by the submission deadline.
• For this assignment, merge the pdf containing solutions of Analytical Problems and the
pdf containing the report for Simulation Problems into one pdf labelled ‘Rollnumber A2‘
and submit it along with the codes as 1 zip file.
• Please do not copy from your peers or online. Copied assignments will fetch zero marks.

Analytical Problems
1. (a) A noise signal ni (t) with a PSD Si (ω) = Ki is applied at the input of an ideal differentiator.
Determine the PSD and the power of the output signal no (t).
(b) Find the PSD of DSB-SC modulated signal ϕ(t) = g(t) cos(ω0 t). Using PSD, determine the power
of the modulated signal ϕ(t) in terms of g(t).
(c) Consider a white noise with PSD S(ω) = K is applied to a LTI system with transfer function
H(ω) = 1 for |ω| < B and H(ω) = 0 for |ω| > B. Find the autocorrelation function of the signals
at the input and output of the system.
2. An AM signal is generated by modulating the carrier fc = 800 kHz by the signal

m(t) = sin(2000πt) + 5 cos(4000πt)

The AM signal
u(t) = 100(1 + m(t)) cos(2πfc t)
is fed to a 50Ω load.
(a) Find and sketch the spectrum of the AM signal.
(b) Determine the average power in the carrier and the side-band.
(c) What is the modulation index?
 (d) What is the peak power delivered to the load?
3. A message to be transmitted using AM is given by

m(t) = 3 cos(2πt) + 4 sin(6πt)

where the unit of time is milliseconds. It is to be sent using a carrier frequency of 600 kHz with
modulation index of 50%.
(a) Sketch the spectrum of message signal. What is the message bandwidth?
(b) Write an explicit time domain expression for the AM signal.
(c) Sketch the envelope of the AM signal.
(d) Sketch the magnitude spectrum for the AM signal.
(e) What is the power efficiency of the AM signal?

Simulation Problems
4. (a) Generate a sinusoidal message signal of 2 KHz having peak amplitude as 1 and a sinusoidal carrier
signal of 100 KHz having peak amplitude of 2. Plot both the signals on the same figure using subplot
(2,1).
(b) Generate and plot the DSB-SC waveform using the message and carrier signals from part (a). Plot
the upper and the lower envelope on the same figure with a different colour. Plot the spectrum of
the modulated waveform. Use subplot(2,1) to show the two plots in same figure.
Hint: You can use fftshift and fft inbuilt functions for generating the spectrum.
(c) Perform the coherent demodulation of the DSB-SC waveform generated in part (b) using the exact
same frequency as that of the carrier. Plot the actual message and the demodulated waveform on
same figure using subplot(2,1).
Hint: You can use butter and filter inbuilt functions for performing the low pass filtering.
(d) Bring out the effect of frequency and phase offset in coherent demodulation. Plot the demodulated
waveforms for various values of frequency and phase offset (minimum 3 different cases). Plot all
of them in a single figure using suitable subplot. Study about Quadrature null effect and include
the scenario when the output becomes zero by setting the appropriate offset values. Record your
observations about effect of frequency and phase offset in the report.
(e) Generate and plot conventional AM (often called as Double Side Band - Full Carrier (DSB-FC))
waveform using the message and carrier signal generated in part (a). Generate these waveforms for
modulation index of 0.5, 0.8, 1 and 1.5. Plot all of them using subplot(4,1) in a single figure. Plot
the upper and the lower envelope on the same figure with a different colour for all the four plots.
Record your observation about the significance of modulation index in the report.
(f) What happens if the message is not sinusoidal ? Generate a sawtooth message signal and modulate
it using the same carrier as in part (a) using DSB-FC modulation scheme.
(g) Generate and plot the spectrum of DSB-FC waveform along with the spectrum of DSB-SC in a
single figure using subplot(2,1).

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