The very first time crystal

 First proposed by Nobel-Prize winning theoretical physicist Frank Wilczek back in 2012, time crystals are
hypothetical structures that appear to have movement even at their lowest energy state.
 Researchers at Google in collaboration with physicists at Stanford, Princeton and other universities say that
they have used Google’s quantum computer to demonstrate a genuine “time crystal.”
 In 2012, Wilczek and a team of theoretical physicists at MIT suggested that it could be possible to add a
fourth dimension - the movement of time - to a crystal, imbuing it with the ability to act as a kind of
perpetual 'time-keeper', or clock.
 Wilczek envisioned an object that could achieve everlasting movement by periodically moving and then
returning to its original state over and over again
 Many physicists were skeptical, arguing that a time crystal whose atoms could loop forever, with no need for
extra energy, would be tantamount to a perpetual motion machine – forbidden by the laws of physics.
 Wilczek countered that a time crystal was more akin to a superconductor, in which electrons flow with no
resistance, and in theory could do so forever without the need to add energy to the system. In a time crystal,
electrons would travel in a loop rather than a line and occasionally bunch up rather than flow smoothly,
repeating in time the way atoms in ordinary crystals repeat in space.

Time Translation

 Time translation: the laws of physics must work the same in all places at all times.
 Time translation breaks the law of energy conservation therefore breaking time symmetry.
 Just as conventional crystals require the breaking of space translation symmetry, time crystals require the
breaking of time translation symmetry.
 Time crystals exist in 4 dimensions unlike regular crystals (diamond) which exist in 3 dimensions.(elaborate
structure)
 The fourth dimension of time crystals is time.
 Time is a construct that relies on said matter trying to reach a state of equilibrium (cause and effect).
 An oscillating system is always expected to reach equilibrium since resistive forces are an unavoidable
phenomenon.
 Time crystals on the other hand, feed themselves energy allowing them to have an infinite energy state.
 Time crystals can break both explicit and spontaneous time symmetry.
 If a symmetry is broken explicitly, then the laws of nature do not have the symmetry anymore; spontaneous
symmetry breaking means that the laws of nature have a symmetry, but nature chooses a state that doesn't.