Unit# 5

History of Pakistan-Ii

(1971- Till Now)

Q1. Describe Agricultural and Industrial Reforms enforced by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.

Ans. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Era 1971-1977:

Industrial Reforms:

Agricultural Reforms:

Q2. What industrial, economic and social reforms were introduced by Pervez
Musharraf?

Ans. General Pervez Musharraf’s Era:

Industrial Reforms:

Economic Reforms:

Social Reforms:

Q3. In the context of Benazir Bhutto’s both terms as Prime minister, which era was
better for people?

Ans.

1 Benazir Bhutto’s First Term 1988- 90:

Industrial Reforms:

Agriculture Reforms:

Educational Reforms:

Health Reforms:

Economic Reforms:

Social Reforms:

Constitutional Reforms:

Administrative Reforms:
The end of the government:

2. Benazir Bhutto’s Second Term 1993- 96:

Industrial Reforms:

Agriculture Reforms:

Educational Reforms:

Health Reforms:

Economic Reforms:

Social Reforms:

Constitutional Reforms:

Administrative Reforms:

The end of the government:

Q4. Give a description of economic reforms of Mian Nawaz Sharif.

Ans) Muhammad Nawaz Sharif’s first term 1990- 93:

Economic Reforms:

Q5.Write some salient features of the 1973 constitution of Pakistan.

Ans.

1. Islamic Constitution

2. Federal system

3. Provincial autonomy

4. The bicameral legislature

5. Provincial Assemblies
6. Independent and sovereign judiciary

7. Parliamentary system

8. Establishment of federal government

9. Must be a Muslim

10. Basic Human Rights

Unit# 6

Pakistan and World Affairs

Q1. State the main objectives of Pakistan’s foreign policy?

Ans.

1.Foreign policy:

2. Protection of Islamic Ideology:

3. National Security:

4. Promotion of Culture or Cultural Development:

5. Economic Growth:

Q2. Discuss the importance of the Kashmir issue in Pak-India relations.

Ans.

Genesis of Kashmir Issue:

The desire of Muslims of the State of Jammu and Kashmir:

UN intervention and its declaration on Jammu and Kashmir:

Challenging the legality of Kashmir’s accession to India:

UN-sponsored referendum announced in Kashmir:

Security Council resolution:

India’s refusal to Hold Plebiscite:

People of Kashmir vote in favor of Pakistan:

Attempts to implement the resolution:

The current situation of Kashmir:

Q3. Describe Pakistan’s relations with Turkey.

Ans.

Pakistan's relations with Turkey:

Respect for Pakistanis in Turkey:

Establishment of Regional Cooperation for Development Organization:

Turkey’s full support to Pakistan in the earthquake:

Support in Kashmir Issue:

Q4. What role has China played in the construction and development of Pakistan?

Ans.

Pak-China Ideal friendship:

China’s role in the construction and development of Pakistan:

Pakistan’s full role in supporting China:

China’s role in Pakistan’s industrial and economic development:

Karakoram Highway, a symbol of Pak-China friendship:

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Project:

Q5. Describe Pakistan-US relations?

Ans.

Pakistan’s geographical and political significance:

Pakistan-US relations:

Liaquat Ali Khan’s visit to the United States:

Defense Agreement between Pakistan and the United States:

Pak-India war 1965 US aid cutoff:

The role of the United States in the 1971 Pak-India war:

Improved relations between Pakistan and United States:

Unit# 7

Economics Development of

Pakistan
Q1. Give a brief description of economic growth in the seventh decade from 2008 to
2018.

Ans.

Seventh Decade: From 2008 to 2018

1. Increase in load shedding in the country:

2. Decrease in economic goals:

3. Increase in internal and external debt:

4.Development plans of PTI government:

Q2. Describe the dams, barrages and canals on the Indus River.

Ans.

Barrages and Canals on River Indus:

1. Jinnah Barrage:

2. Chashma Barrage:

3. Taunsa Barrage:

4. Guddu Barrage:

5. Sukkur Barrage:

6. Kotri Barrage:

Q3. What are the important minerals of Pakistan? Explain.

Ans.

Minerals:

Types of Minerals:

1. Metal minerals:

Iron Ore:

Production area:

a. Copper and Gold:

Production area:

b. Manganese:

c. Bauxite:

d. Chromite:

Production area:

2. Non-metallic minerals:

a. Coal:

Reserves:

Excessive use of coal:

Province of Punjab:

KPK province:

Province of Baluchistan:

Province of Sindh:

Azad Kashmir:

b. Gypsum:

Use of Gypsum:

Gypsum Deposits:

c. Edible salt:

Production:
Salt mountains:

d. Marble:

Marble deposits:

e. Limestone:

Uses of limestone:

Limestone deposits:

f. Sulphur:

Sulphur deposits:

g. China clay:

Importance of Mineral sector:

Q4. Discuss the problem faced by agriculture? Give suggestions to solve these problems.

Ans.

Problems in Agriculture:

1. Shortage of Water and insufficient irrigation system:

2. Uneven fields:

3. Costly fertilizers, seeds and pesticides:

4. Inadequate access to global markets:

5. Inheritance Law:

6. No increase in cultivated land:

7. Illiteracy of Farmer:

8. Water logging and salinity problems:

9. Insufficient Storage Facilities:

10. Decrease in productivity of land due to continuous cultivation:

11. Lack of soil and water analysis practice among farmers:

12. Lack of coordination between farmers and related departments:

13. Crop diseases, floods and natural calamities:

14. Inadequate credit facilities:

Q5. What are the positive effects of an increase in crop yields on the economy?

Ans. Gilgit-Baltistan Dam, River and Canals.

Q6. Discuss the main reasons for the trade deficit of Pakistan? How can the country get
rid of the problem?

Ans.

Pakistan’s international trade:

1.The Muslim world’s trade with South Asia and Australia

2.Major imports of Pakistan

3.Rising trends in Pakistan’s imports

4.Pakistan’s main exports

5.The need to increase exports

Q7. How can poverty be decreased by promoting small scale industries?

Ans.

Cottage Industry:

1.Types of small industries

2.Small industry development

Q8. Suggest ways to increase the energy resources in the country.

Ans.

The importance of different energy resources in Pakistan.

Types of energy resources:

1.Electricity

2.The power situation

3.Power plant production capacity

4.Hydel power

5.Furnace oil
6.Huge investment in the country

7.High power consumption

8.Purchase of electricity from (IPP’s) Private Entities

9.Line losses, infrastructure defects.

Q9. Why are Pakistan’s ports and dry ports necessary for international trade?

Ans. Trade Deficit

1.Reasons for widening trade deficit

2.Measure to Reduce Trade Deficit

Unit 8:

“Population, Society and Culture of Pakistan”

Q1. Give suggestions to solve problems of education in Pakistan.

Ans. Educational problems and their solutions:

1. Low literacy rate

2.Defective Examination System

3.Limited educational resources

4.Lack of teachers

5.Lack of technical subject in the curriculum

6.Lack of teaching equipment

7.Lack of basic facilities

8. We lack curricular activities

9.Choose inappropriate articles

10.The role of teachers in the selection of subjects

11.The role of parents in choosing subjects

12.Suggestion for solving educational problems