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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

EIE411:
Computer Organization and Architecture
Module Topic: Performance Measurements and Analysis

Module Lecturer: Dr. Joke Badejo

 Module Outline
• Instruction Execution Rate

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 Computing Instruction Execution Rate
• For example, if the processor is a 200 MHz processor, then
Clock frequency Number of clock per sec , = 200 = 200 × 10
Cycle time, = = = 5 × 10 sec = 5
×

Average Effective cycles per instruction for a program,

∑ ( × )
=

ℎ =
=
=

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 Computing Instruction Execution Rate
• MIPS rate is the rate at which instructions are executed, expressed as millions
of instructions per second (MIPS).
• It is expressed as

= =
× 10 × 10

ℎ
= × ×

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 Computing Instruction Execution Rate
Sample Question:
A benchmark program is run on a 40 MHz processor. The executed program
consists of 100,000 instruction executions, with the following instruction mix
and clock cycle count:
Instruction type Instruction count Cycles per Instruction
Integer arithmetic 45,000 1
Data Transfer 32,000 2
Floating point 15,000 2
Control transfer 8,000 2

Determine the effective CPI, MIPS rate, and execution time for this program.
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 Computing Instruction Execution Rate
Solution:
Clock frequency Number of clock per sec ,
= 40 = 40 × 10
1 1
Cycle time, = =
40 × 10
= 0.25 × 10 sec = 2.5 × 10

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Computing Instruction Execution Rate
Instruction Type Instruction Cycles per CPIi x Ii
type count = Ii Instruction
= CPIi
Integer i=1 45,000 1 45,000
arithmetic
Data Transfer i=2 32,000 2 64,000

Floating point i=3 15,000 2 30,000

Control i=4 8,000 2 16,000

transfer
Total 100000 155000
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Computing Instruction Execution Rate
∑ ×
=
155000
= = 1.55
100000

40 × 10
= = = 25.81
× 10 1.55 × 10
≈ 26 millions of instructions per second
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Computing Instruction Execution Rate
ℎ ℎ
= × ×
= 100000 × 1.55 × 2.5 × 10
= 3.875 × 10 = 3.875

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 ClassWork
Consider two different machines, with two different instruction sets, both of which have a clock
rate of 200 MHz. The following measurements are recorded on the two machines running a
given set of benchmark programs:
Instruction Type Instruction Count Cycles per Instruction
(millions)
Machine A
Arithmetic and logic 8 1
Load and store 4 3
Branch 2 4
Others 4 3
Machine B
Arithmetic and logic 10 1
Load and store 8 2
Branch 2 4
Others 4 3
Determine the effective CPI, MIPS rate, and execution time for each machine.
Comment on the results.
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