Fungicide usage survey Table 1.

Fungicides labeled for gray mold of strawberry in California

Example trade name Active ingredient(s) FRAC*
Topsin Thiophanate-methyl 1
32 strawberry fields were surveyed for fungicide usage Rovral Iprodione 2
in 2016. A summary of usage for products labeled for Fontelis Penthiopyrad 7
gray mold of strawberry is below: Kenja 400 Isofetamid 7
• Average number of applications per season: 15 Luna Tranquility Fluopyram + pyrimethanil 7 9
• Average application interval: 12 days
Luna Sensation Fluopyram + trifloxystrobin 7 11 STRAWBERRY GRAY MOLD:
Merivon Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin 7 11
• Number of different modes of action applied: 13 Pristine Boscalid + pyraclostrobin 7 11 sustainable management and
Scala Pyrimethanil 9

Trilogy
Switch
Elevate
Cyprodinil + fludioxonil
Fenhexamid
9
17
12 fungicide resistance
Ph-D CaptEvate Fenhexamid + captan 17 M4
Ph-D Polyoxin-D 19
Fontelis Thiram Thiram M3
Merivon Captan Captan M4
Prev-Am Ultra Sodium tetraborate decahydrate NL***
Scala
Product

Trilogy Neem Oil 46

Prev-Am Ultra Fracture Banda de Lupinus albus doce BM 01
Actinovate AG/SP Streptomyces lydicus NL
Elevate Double Nickel LC/55 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 44
Pristine Coragen Chlorantraniliprole NL
Serenade ASO Bacillus subtilis 44
Switch Regalia Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis 46
Captan Oxidate 2.0 H2O2 + Peroxyacetic acid NL
Botector Aureobasidium pullulans NL
0 2 4 6 8 O Single-site mode of action**; conventional use only
O Multi-site mode of action; conventional use only
Avg. no. applications/season O OMRI approved
Figure 2. Average number of applications/season of the *Fungicide Resistance Action Committee; active ingredients are grouped
top ten most applied fungicides labeled for gray mold of according to cross resistance behavior.
strawberry in 32 California strawberry farms in 2016. **Resistance is a risk with single-site fungicides. Risk varies by the mode of
action (Figure 1).
***NL = Not listed in 2017 FRAC code list.

strawberry.calpoly.edu
Figure 3. Left: Early symptoms of gray mold usually start
as brown water-soaked lesions near the calyx. Right: Late
signs of gray mold appear as a velvety gray mold.
Photo credit: G. Holmes (inside) and S. Cosseboom (outside)

What is strawberry gray mold?
Strawberry gray mold is a fruit rot that is primarily caused by
the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. This disease is
favored by wet weather and can cause high losses in yield
and postharvest decay. Gray mold can be managed by both
chemical and cultural methods.
Cultural methods:
• Harvest fruit at optimum maturity
• Remove rotten fruit and senescent foliage from field
• Increase space between plants to make promote air
movement
• Use plastic mulches to force water off beds to keep fruit
dry
Chemical methods:
• Use effective products; consult UC IPM
• Make applications preventively
• Time applications to coincide with favorable weather
conditions
Early-season Late-season
Fungicide resistance in
Botrytis cinerea Thiophanate-methyl (1)
Iprodione (2)
Active ingredient (FRAC code)
Recent reports have shown that Botrytis cinerea is becoming Isofetamid (7)
resistant to fungicides that were once very effective. If the
Botrytis cinerea population in your field is resistant to the Penthiopyrad (7)
fungicide you use, the efficacy of that fungicide is Fluopyram (7)
compromised. In 2016, a survey of 37 conventional
strawberry fields distributed throughout the Oxnard, Santa Boscalid (7)
Maria, Salinas and Watsonville growing areas tested 702 Cyprodinil (9)
isolates for resistance to ten fungicides. This survey found
Pyraclostrobin* (11)
varying levels of resistance to all ten active ingredients
tested (Figure 1). Resistance also tended to increase from Fludioxonil (12)
the beginning to the end of the season. This may be due to
Fenhexamid (17)
the average of 15 individual fungicide applications per
season (Figure 2). 0 20 40 60 80 100
Frequency of resistance (%)
Resistance management
guidelines Figure 1. Early-season and late-season frequencies of
resistance to ten active ingredients from 702 isolates
• Spray less often and when weather favors disease collected in the Northern, Central, and Southern strawberry
• Rotate between modes of action (Table 1) growing districts of California in 2016.
• Each time a single-site mode of action fungicide is *fewer isolates (415) were tested for resistance to pyraclostrobin due to
widespread nature of strobilurin resistance.
applied, tank-mix it with a multi-site mode of action
fungicide (e.g., captan or thiram)
• Use labeled rates with a recently calibrated sprayer
• Apply multi-site or organically approved fungicides alone
when disease pressure is low