3matrix Mechanics

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Spink

This
EH IDSii.tt
if h
1 Z

HZ 1⾯不
H 1⾯ 个

basis 1
恐 or
悠 or
管 㗊
Spinbstle 1以 ⼆ CHDtc.lt

H ⼆
ÈHZ 台 1 Z

Probability
1⼗⽇
ÈHZ 吉⼈
__ amplitude

4⽇ It FǏ probability
1的 HDFE amplitude
it only use real number 台
H 吉 HE 占1 Z

1王
ÈHZ 台 1 ⼀
Z
任 It 0 1王 1 x
other combinations available for 1 㘭
no

lives in a complex vector


spimk state
space
N basis
147 Cilaf inlaifbasis 紗
if
in general complex

41 Ctci at

la 倒 la
G
所以 SZ basisHZ
1 14 H.lt
G 41
cci台Ht 1扣 ⾔ 倒
Hx ⼤吵

fsy
Operator Acts on a Ket vector and
transforms that into another Ket

Example Rotation operator



⼩梁

ÌǛPHZ Hxs
⼀ 反以
T.iYi yREDI z.nl
Mx
Act on bra vectors It 反 街 HZ

txl FHZIRǕ 凶
我 It 什到 Rǖ RǛJHD
Adjoint operator
Rain 1 Z 0
I
化1 4 Zl Rtǖj

Hxltx 1 TǗDREJ I
d
clockwise
duntrclockwise
Identity and Projection operator

operator does nothing 四


Identity
ltzs
14 五 147
3 叭
modified SG Exp I
147 127 HP
e.g.hn It

147 It Zl Pttz 14

HZKtzltl
PGZDI _gPHZ74
net Projection operator
三⽉
有⼼ HZ 照
a

settle 反 三⽇ Zl

正 层 左 左三 年 百 ⼆百
HZ tzltz tzl
之列
Ten 1知 Zl
⼆六 ⼆六百⼆
ltx
0_IUHPI
l
HZ
ztt.is
以 7

1仕到 八八 1 站
1⼟ basis
IHZHZYÈ _In
HZI HX txltlx XDHZ
14 Zltx txltz
4 Ztx Xltz 12

14 Zlt 12 14 到 ⼀
12
probability

4 Zllx txltz ttxtcxltzt


interference terms in textbook

cannot just add up pzobabilties


Operator Matrix representation

有⼼ 14 1到
īnst
basis Llg 有
㑎答
assume 14214
有 ⼆ 14 41 normalized
n dtct dtct
A
倒 4 卅 ⼆
ld ctd.CA
14 4 HE 7 4到 4_ 412
KZ到 4_ 4 HE 仙 4_41 ⼀


An A12
⽤⼼ 12 ⽉1 Z
Āsft
CZIFIZD
EZIĀ Its
Azl Azz
HZ 12
H 12 Anj cil Ālpmatix
element
gfz ifZIFHZJGZIE.lt
ZIFHZ ZIFIZD
168 E 189
正 別 ⼆⽉ t E
不 倒 1 EHGKGHD
有 M 14 41 41 不1 Aint operator
d
Aij Ahj ⼆

MA
1
ki
147 nrn

比 14 a

⼆⼗ 比⼈ 化 化 比 14
41

are
men

filftljtcjlfli 名
Aj Ai
百⼤ 在 self adjoint Hermitian
operator
反⼗五 ⼆ 五 ⼀
unitary operator

Properties 4 Hermitian operators


D Eigenvalues are real
Eigenstates form
a basis orthogonal

有 ⼆⽉⼗ Alai
ailasitzi. et
eisenstt ail
value

A tail at
ail 太
凹 gailaj
Gicailap
0
catajkailaj
iii an Gi cai's are real
eigenstates are
ii
itj ailaj 0
orthogonal
Identity matrix 五 ⼆ 点 lai ail

璏 從沙
台们
HZ
蕊 们 It

豳 161

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