DESIGN OF BRIDGE BEARINGS

Load from beams 1, 2 & 3 on bearings

Bearing 1 Bearing 2 Bearing 3

DL 272 kN 159 kN 272 kN
SDL 149 kN -73.5 kN 149 kN
KEL +UDL 125 kN 250 kN 125 kN
546 kN 335.5 kN 546 kN

Vertical Loads on bearing

SLS ULS
DL - superstructure 215 kN 272 kN
SDL 77 kN 149 kN
LL (KEL & UDL) 100 kN 125 kN
Total Vertical Load 392 kN 546 kN

Horizontal Loads on bearing

SLS ULS
Braking forces 238 kN 298 kN

Vertical Loads, N = DL + LL + SDL = 272 + 125 + 149 = kN

Steel bearing area

Assume strength of steel = fy/1.15 = 0.87fy = 0.87 x 200 = 173.9 N/mm2

Area of steel plate = 546/173.9 = 3,140 mm2

Minium square plate dimension = bmin = √ 3,140 = 56 mm

Concrete bearing stress

fcu = 30 N/mm2 = 30,000 kN/m2

0.4fcu = 12 N/mm2 = 0.4 x 30 x 12,000 kN/m2

Contact area of concrete = N/AC = 5,500 mm2

Providing square plate of bmin = 546/12,000 = 213.3 mm

Provide 400 X 400 X 50 mm ===> A = 400 x 400 160,000 mm2

Stress =F/A = 546/160,000 = 3.4 N/mm2 < 12 N/mm2 OK

Steel Shear capacity

Provided plate is 400 mm x 400 mm x 50 mm

Steel Shear Strength fs = 275 N/mm2

Shear capacity = 0.6A’ fs /1000

Shear capacity = 0.6 x 400 x 50 x 275 N/mm2 = 3,300 kN

REVERSIBLE MOVEMENTS

Friction force

μ = 0.7

Fh = μN = 392 x 0.7 = 274.4 kN

Effective force due to Braking force

Fh = 298 - 274.4 = 23.6 kN = 23,600 N

Deformation due to Braking force

E = 26,000 N/mm2
A = bh = 400x1300 = 520,000 mm 2

Fh = 238 - 274.4 = 36.4 kN = 36,000 N

Translation due to horizontal force = ΔL = Fh.L/EA = (F-Fh).L/ΔL.EA = 0.04 mm

Thermal expansion/contraction

ΔT = 30 ֯C (20 to 30)

Coeff of expansion = α =12x10-6 /dg C = 0.000012

Bridge span = 15,000 mm

Expansion/contraction allowance ΔL=α.ΔT.L = 0.000012 X 10 x 15,000 = 5.4 mm

Force due to Temperature change

E = 26,000 N/mm2

L = 15000 mm

A = bh = 400 x 1300 = 520,000 mm2

FT = ΔL.EAγf/L = 5.4 x 26,000 x 520,000 x 1.5/15000 = 2,433,600 kN

PERMANENT MOVEMENTS

Creep and shrinkage of concrete

Shrinkage rate = S = 0.5 mm/m

L = 15,000 mm

Shrinkage = ΔLs = L.S = 7.5 mm

Creep coeff. Ccr = 1

Stress = 5 N/mm2

Creep strain, ΔL/L = Stress x creep coeff/E = FCcr/A.E = 0.00019 mm

Creep, ΔLcr = Creep strain x L = 2.885 mm

Total movement

Movement + -
Thermal expansion/contraction 5.4 mm 5.4 mm
Braking force Deformation 0.04 mm 0.04 mm
Shrinkage rate 7.5 mm
Creep strain 2.885 mm
Total Movement 8.325 mm 12.94 mm
Provision on abutment is 250 mm ==> OK

Provision on Piers is 100 mm ==> OK

Rotation due to load on beam (Simply Supported)

UDL on beam

Ө = WL3/24EI

Point Load on beam

Ө = PL2/16EI