Results

Table 1
Data showing the Concentration (M) of Na2S2O3 and the time at each trial.
Trials [Na2S2O3] Concentration Time (s)
(M)

1. 0.15 34

2. 0.14 38

3. 0.12 45

4. 0.11 49

5. 0.090 65

6. 0.075 80

7. 0.060 1.1 x 102

8. 0.045 1.5 x 102

9. 0.030 3.1 x 102

10. 0.015 540

Graph 1: Effect of concentration on reaction time

Table 2
Data showing the Concentration of Na2S2O3 and the rate of reaction at each trial
Trial [Na2S2O3] Concentration (M) Rate of reaction
or reaction rate
(M/s)

1. 0.15 0.0048

2. 0.14 0.0027

3. 0.12 0.0022

4. 0.11 0.0024

5. 0.090 0.0011

6. 0.075 0.00071

7. 0.060 0.00042

8. 0.045 0.00021

9. 0.030 0.00022

10. 0.015 0.00014

Graph 2: Effect of concentration on rate of reaction

Figure 1

Graph 3: Tangent Lines of points in Graph 1 that will assist in determining the rate of
reaction.

Figure 2
Trial 1 Trial 2
Trial 3 Trial 4

Trial 5 Trial 6

Trial 7 Trial 8
Trial 9 Trial 10

Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5

Figure 6
Graph 3: Effect of concentration on rate of reaction with a line of best fit (Parabolic)
Graph 4 Effect of concentration on rate of reaction with a line of best bit (Linear)

Figure 7
Discussion

Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → S(s) + SO2(g) + 2NaCl(aq)

Sodium Thiosulfate + Hydrochloric acid → Sodium Chloride + Sulfur + Water + Sulfur

dioxide.

The reaction involved mixing two aqueous solutions, Sodium Thiosulfate and
Hydrochloric acid, to produce Sodium Chloride, which is a gas, Sulfur, that is a solid,
Water, which is a liquid, and Sulfur dioxide, that is aqueous. However, the solid sulfur is
the product that has the most consequence in this reaction because it is composed of
particles substantially larger than atoms or ordinary molecules, and because to
determine the influence of reaction rate on concentration, the formation of Sulfur was
timed at different concentrations.

Ten trials were conducted with various concentrations of Sodium Hydrochloride,

assuming that the second reactant, Hydrochloric Acid, had no influence on the reaction
rate. 0.15M, 0.14M, 0.12M, 0.11M, 0.090M, 0,075M, 0,060M,0.045M, 0.030M, 0.015M
were the concentrations of [Na2S2O3]. Sulfur production in this reaction was timed at
these varying concentrations, and the results were reported in Table 1 and graphed as
Time vs Concentration in Graph 1. The influence of concentration on reaction time was
observed in Graph 1: as time passes, the concentration of the reactant falls as well.
This is because the rate of reaction is determined by the change in concentration over

time ( Conc/ Time) which is associated with how quickly the reactant reacts, the
number of molecule collisions increases as the concentration of Sodium Thiosulfate
rises and therefore the reason why concentration is one of the factors that affect the
rate of reaction.

The concentrations were calculated using the method C1V1=C2V2

(C1V1=C2V2). After determining the rate of the reaction at various concentrations by
drawing tangent lines on the different trials as seen in Graph 3 as well as Figure 2 trials
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10. Graph 1 was utilized to draw Graph 2 (Rate versus
Concentration). The rate of the reactions at different concentrations was then calculated
using the points on the tangent lines, as shown in Figure 2. Graph 2 depicts the
influence of concentration on reaction rate. As concentration rises, the reaction rate
rises as well, thus the higher the concentration, the more collisions of [Na2S2O3].

The reaction appeared to be second-order (Figure 1) when looking at Graph 2.

Graph 2 was drawn as a curved line, giving it the appearance of being parabolic. This
was demonstrated by calculating the k value in each trial using the reaction's rate
expression in Figure 1. The average of the k values was recorded as 0.34 1/(M·s) after
determining the k values in each trial as shown in Figures 4 and 5. The rate of the
reaction was calculated using the average of the k values and then compared to the
rate of reactions in the different trials in Table 2. Figure 2 illustrates that the proper
order for this reaction was second-order since when using the k value to calculate the
rate, the rate of reaction values of trials 2,9 and 10 were very similar to the rate of
reaction of trials 2,9 and 10 in Table 2.

When comparing Graph 3 and Graph 4, it is clear that the order of reaction for
[Na2S2O3] is second-order since the line of best fit in Graph 3 is parabolic, but the line of
best fit in Graph 4 is linear, which encounters fewer points in the rate vs concentration
graph when compared to Graph 3. A failure to start and stop the timer at a precise
moment, causing the response time to be longer than it should have been and so
altering the rate of reaction, might have been one of the probable sources of errors that
resulted in the erroneous order being given. The rate of reaction if the concentration of
Sodium Thiosulfate was 0.015M is shown in Figure 7. Another source of error that might
have resulted in an inaccurate rate expression could have been the significant figures
taken of the values during calculations, which are not precise like the exact values.