Macmillan Publishers India Private Limited is the sole owner of all right, title and interest in and to the

content,
both print and digital and any part thereof, and all copyrights, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights
therein. No part of this content may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
including photocopying, printing, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of Macmillan Publishers India Private Limited.

Copyright page.indd 1 4/7/2020 9:59:59 AM

 1. Nouns

Sentences are made up of different words. These words are of different

types and have different functions. We categorise these words into eight
parts of speech.
Study this tree diagram.

L td
t.
Pv
Verb

a
di
Adverb
In
Adjective
rs

Noun Preposition
he
is

Conjunction
bl
Pu

Pronoun Interjection
n
illa
m
ac
M
©

Parts of Speech

In this chapter, we will focus on nouns.

A noun is a naming word. It tells us the name of a person, a place, an animal
or a thing.
Read these sentences.
The children are playing outside. (children—used for people)
Your house is beautiful. (house—name of a place)

Grammar Way-4.indd 1 26-Sep-18 2:51:03 PM

 The cat miaowed. (cat—name of an animal)
The glass broke. (glass—name of a thing)

Let’s read more examples of nouns.

people artist, shopkeeper, Mohan, Amy

places hospital, mall, India Gate, Qutub Minar
animals buffalo, sheep, swan, spider
things comb, ladder, mug, washing machine

Ltd
t.
Pv
Exercises

a
di
In
A Identify the correct noun for each descriptio
description. Choose your answers from
rs

the box. One has been done for you.

he
is

milk sun camel blue whale nose ice cream

bl
Pu

1 It is a very large sea animal. blue whale

n
illa

2 Children like to eat this a lot.

m

3 It shines brightly in the sky during the day.

ac
M

4 We drink this white liquid.

©

5 We use this part of our face for smelling and breathing.

6 This large animal has a long neck and one or two humps.

B Fill in the blanks with suitable nouns. One has been done for you.
1 These students go to school by bus.

2 Their house has a lovely .

3 This will bite you if you tease it.

Grammar Way-4.indd 2 26-Sep-18 2:51:05 PM

 4 Mother bought from the grocer’s.

5 The perched on the branch

of a tree.

6 We can see the and the

in the sky at night.

C Underline all the nouns in this passage. The first sentence has been done
for you.

Adira met Mrs Sharma and Sohail while going to the park.. They were going

td
there, too. In the park, Adira saw many children playing on the swings, slides

L
and merry-go-rounds. Many people were walking briskly on the path, and

t.
Pv
some men and women were jogging. A few people were walking their dogs.

a
di
Suddenly, a cat came near, and Adira got frightened. She tried to move back
In
rs
quickly but slipped and fell. She hurt her knee and elbow. Mrs Sharma and
he

Sohail came running and helped her to get up. They took her to a bench
is

nearby, and Adira sat down. Soon, she felt better and got up on her own.
bl
Pu

She could walk easily and thanked Mrs Sharma and Sohail for helping her.
n
illa
m
ac
M
©

Grammar Way-4.indd 3 26-Sep-18 2:51:09 PM

 2. Common and Proper Nouns

Nouns can be of several types. Common nouns and proper nouns are two
types of nouns.
Common Nouns

td
A common noun is the general name given to a person, a place, an animal

L
or a thing.

t.
Pv
Read these examples of common nouns.

a
man, woman, father, mother, actor,
people
di
lawyer, plumber, potter
In
rs

house, garden, school, park, temple,

places
he

mosque, gurdwara, church

is

goat, donkey, leopard, rhinoceros,

animals
bl

dove, sparrow, cockroach, wasp

Pu

jar, cucumber, mango, rose, bus,

things
n

bag, pencil box, neck

illa
m
ac

Proper Nouns
M

A proper noun is the specific or particular name given to a person, a place,

©

an animal or a thing. We always begin a proper noun with a capital letter.

Read these examples of proper nouns.
people Madhav, Navya, Sachin Tendulkar, Amitabh Bachchan
places Alanchi (village), Bhimtal (town), Madurai (city), India (country)
animals Bruno, Kitty, Baloo, Shere Khan
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (book), The Lion King (film),
things Hindustan Times (newspaper), Champak
(children’s magazine)

Grammar Way-4.indd 4 26-Sep-18 2:51:10 PM

 days of
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday
the week
months of
February, April, June, September
the year
festivals Janmashtami, Bihu, Onam, Pongal
languages English, Hindi, Urdu, Malayalam
continents,
Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the
oceans, seas,
Mediterranean Sea, the Godavari,
rivers and
Mount Everest
mountains
monuments,

td
the Gateway of India, Mysore Palace,
buildings and

L
the Leaning Tower of Pisa
towers

t.
Pv
a
Exercises
di
In
rs

A Match these common nouns with their prop

proper nouns. One has been
he

done for you.

is
bl

1 country the Mahabharata

Pu

2 continent Telugu
n
illa

3 book Eid al-Fitr

m

4 festival Africa
ac

5 language the Yamuna

M
©

6 river Myanmar

B Fill in the blanks with proper nouns. One has been done for you.
1 your best friend’s name Mridula Chacko
2 your father’s name
3 your mother’s name
4 your favourite city in the country
5 name of the Prime Minister of your country
6 name of the President of your country
5

Grammar Way-4.indd 5 26-Sep-18 2:51:12 PM

 C Underline the common nouns and circle the proper nouns in these
sentences. The first sentence has been done for you.

1 ch Incredibles 2 .
We went to the cinema to watch
2 Imphal is the capital of Manipur.
3 Rishabh went to the shop with his mother.
4 Anjum played basketball yesterday.
5 Surbhi saw many plants and trees
with flowers in the park.
6 Mumbai and Bengaluru are two of

td
the busiest cities in India.

L
t.
Pv
collaborative
learning

a
Activity
di
In
rs
Solve the crossword with the help of the clues. All your answers are famous
he

characters from popular children’s stories. One has been done for you.
is

DOWN
bl

5
1
R A
Pu

1. …………………… has very long

A golden hair.
n

3
P I C C H O
illa

2
3. In her hurry, ……………………
U
m

loses one of her glass

ac

N 4
S E slippers on the steps of
M

Z D the palace.
©

E 5. …………………… has a lot of

L adventures in Wonderland.
ACROSS
6
M I 2. ……………………’s nose grows
longer every time he tells a lie.
A 4. …………………… befriends seven
kind dwarves.
6. …………………… grows up in
the jungle.

Grammar Way-4.indd 6 26-Sep-18 2:51:13 PM

 3. Singular and
Plural Nouns

Singular means one, and plural means more than one.

Singular Nouns

td
A noun that stands for one person, place, animal or thing is called

L
a singular noun.

t.
Pv
Read these sentences.

a
di
I took my dog outside. (dog—singular
—singular noun)
In
The girl played happily. (girl—singular
—singular noun)
rs
he

Plural Nouns
is
bl
Pu

A noun that stands for more than one person, place, animal or thing is called
a plural noun.
n
illa

Read these sentences.

m

I took my dogs outside.

ac

(dogs—plural
—plural noun)
M
©

The girls played happily.

(girls—plural noun)

Forming Plural Nouns

 We add -s to most singular nouns to form their plurals.

Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

kite kites
window windows

Grammar Way-4.indd 7 26-Sep-18 2:51:14 PM

  We add -es to singular nouns ending with -s, -x, -ss, -ch and -sh to form
their plurals.
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
gas gases
box boxes
class classes
peach peaches
eyelash eyelashes

td
 We usually add -es to singular nouns ending with -o to form their plurals.

L
t.
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

Pv
mango mangoes

a
tomato tomatoes
di
In
rs

Exceptions
he

Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

is
bl

radio radios
Pu

studio studios
n
illa

 We add -ves to singular nouns ending with -f or -fe to form their plurals.
m

Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

ac

calf calves
M

knife knives
©

Exceptions
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
chief chiefs
belief beliefs
hoof hoofs or hooves
dwarf dwarfs or dwarves

Grammar Way-4.indd 8 26-Sep-18 2:51:15 PM

  We add -ies to singular nouns ending with consonant + -y.
(The consonants in the English alphabet are b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q,
r, s, t, v, w, x, y and z.)

Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

city cities
story stories

 We add -s to singular nouns ending with vowel + -y.

(The vowels in the English alphabet are a, e, i, o and u.)

td
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

L
boy boys

t.
journey journeys

Pv
a
 Some singular nouns form their plurals by changing th
their spellings.
di
In
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
rs

woman women
he

goose geese
is

tooth teeth
bl

louse lice
Pu
n

Exceptions
illa
m

Singular Plural Usage

ac

Nouns Nouns
M

fruit when we refer to only one

©

type of fruit
fruit
fruits when we refer to different
types of fruits together
fish when we refer to only one
type of fish
fish
fishes when we refer to different
types of fishes together
deer
deer more than one deer
deers

Grammar Way-4.indd 9 26-Sep-18 2:51:15 PM

 Exercises
A Write the singular forms of these plural nouns. One has been done for you.

1 teeth tooth

2 oceans

3 babies

4 bushes

td
5 stories

L
t.
Pv
6 thieves

a
7 weeks
di
In
8 shelves
rs
he
is

B Underline the singular nouns and circle the plural nouns in these sentences.
bl

The first sentence has been done for you.

Pu
n

1 The teacher told the students to bring their notebooks tto her desk.
illa
m

2 The gentlemen and the ladies met the President in the hall.
ac
M

3 All the actors in the play performed really well.

©

4 This locality has a few shops and a hotel, but there is no hospital.

5 My mother packed my clothes, my cap and new shoes in a bag.

6 The boys took off their gloves and washed their hands with soap.

7 We saw lions, elephants, a tiger and a giraffe at the zoo.

8 The children went to the park to play on the swings and the slide.

10

Grammar Way-4.indd 10 26-Sep-18 2:51:16 PM

 C Fill in the blanks with the plural forms of the nouns in brackets. The first
sentence has been done for you.

1 Many monkeys (monkey) swung from the branches

(branch) of the tree.

2 Many (doctor) attended to the

(patient).

3 These (storybook) have great

(picture).

td
L
4 I have two elder (sister) and four

t.
Pv
(cousin).

a
5 The
di
(lady) picked up their (bag)
In
and left the shop.
rs
he

6 The (light) on the (ship) that were

is
bl

sailing could be seen from a distance.

Pu

7 All the (house) in this locality have three

n
illa

(balcony).
m
ac

8 These two (lift) go to all the (floor)

M

of this building.
©

11

Grammar Way-4.indd 11 26-Sep-18 2:51:17 PM