Understanding Culture

Society and Politics

Quarter 2 – Module 1:
State and Non-State
Institutions

CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
Module 1
Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: State and Non-State Institutions
First Edition, 2021

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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
State and Non-State
Institution
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

ii
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of understanding culture society and politics. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is about the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the different forms of state and non-state institutions;
2. differentiate the functions of state and non-state institutions; and
3. appraise the state and non-state institutions in relation to personal
development and societal progress.

1 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
Module 1
 What I Know

Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Use separate sheet for your answers.

1. The state works like a family; it creates agencies to provide for the welfare of
its members. Meanwhile, non-state institutions work as _________________ to
lessen the burden of the state.
a. parents
b. brothers and sisters
c. tito and tita
d. lolo and lola

2. Backed up by the government itself, this institution has less tendency to be

bankrupt. In relation, this non-state institution can also be a state institution.
Which one is it?
a. Banks
b. Cooperatives
c. Corporations
d. Trade unions

3. Helen is maltreated by her employer in Saudi Arabia where she works as a

domestic helper. Which Philippine government agency must she seek help?
a. Department of Health
b. Department of Interior and Local Government
c. Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
d. Department of Education

4. Non-state agencies like JICA, CIDA, and USAID provide financial assistance
to particular projects of a country like building bridges or roads that are
essential for development. Which non-state institution provides this kind of
aid?
a. Banks
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies

2 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
Module 1
5. Former United States of America vice president Al Gore went to the country
last 2017 to speak about the impacts of climate change. This kind of advocacy
is the duty provided by a non-state agency known as ____________________.
a. Bank
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies

6. There are various kinds of institutions in any society. Some are state-owned
while some are not. Which of the following can be an example of a non-state
institution?
a. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
b. Banks
c. Local government
d. Philippine executive government

7. Non-state institutions are not directly connected to the government, but still
play a significant role in performing state functions. Which of the following is
LEAST likely to be a classification of non-state institutions?
a. Civil
b. Market
c. Political
d. Transnational

8. Non-state institutions from other countries can also have a big impact to the
Philippines. What is the MOST expected function of these non-state
institutions?
a. Development
b. Investigations
c. Investments, finances
d. Reforms on economic and political practices

9. Non-state institutions function just like the government. In relation to

government functions, what term BEST describes the function of non-state
institutions?
a. Band-aid
b. Gap-filling
c. Long term
d. Replacement

10. Non-state institutions are often seen as doing what the government also
does. To set it apart from the government, which of the following terms BEST
describes non-state institutions?
a. Involuntary
b. Locally based
c. Non-governmental
d. Publicly and privately owned

3 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
Module 1
11. Non-state institutions play a very important role in people’s daily lives. Which
non-state institution helps people acquire money or property in order to start
a business?
a. Banks
b. Cooperatives
c. Corporations
d. Trade unions

12. Which non-state institution raises awareness on certain issues, such as

Amnesty International for human rights violations?
a. Advocacy groups
b. Civil organizations, e.g. religion
c. Civil organizations, e.g. research
d. Transnational development agencies

13. If workers want to convince the government to end contractualization but the
government is not listening, which non-state institution will be able to gather
workers and force dialogue with the government?
a. Cooperative
b. Labor unions
c. Rural and farmers’ banks
d. Workers who are members of corporations

14. Civil organizations come in many forms. Which one is MOST expected to
show the realities of the daily living of ordinary members of society?
a. Law firms
b. Mass media
c. Overseas research team
d. People’s organizations in communities

15. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about non-state institutions?

a. Some are for profit while some are not.
b. Some are foreign while some are local.
c. They contribute a lot to the economy.
d. They do not influence what the government does.

4 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
Module 1
 Lesson

1 State and Non-state Institution

What’s In

Any state in the world formulates its own government agency to achieve the needs of
its people. However, in most democratic society, the state government allows
business individuals, corporations, and non-profit organizations to deliver goods and
services for the citizens (De Leon 2008).

A country can be associated with how a family functions; there are authoritarian
parents who determine the future of their children. Meanwhile, there are lenient
parents who allow their children to grow with minimum restrictions. In general,
parents must do necessary actions to feed the family, provide proper clothing, send
children to school, give a decent shelter, give medicine in times of sickness, and save
some budget or resources in case of emergency. Yet, no matter how parents work to
make both ends meet, there are always some issues left undone (“The Philippines”).

On the contrary, family remains as a family no matter how imperfect they are. They
must help one another as a unit or an entity to avoid problems as much as possible.
They must utilize all resources to make possibilities to happen. Meanwhile, children
play a vital role in the family by being responsible and sensitive individuals who do
their own share, like turning off the lights or other appliances when not in use, do
some households chores, or apply for scholarship, for an instance, to ease the burden
of tuition fees, and the likes (Halili-Jao 2018).
The government is at its best in providing the necessity of its people by allocating all
its resources to meet the demands of its citizenry. However, like an ordinary family,
no matter how the government work to make both ends meet, there is always some
issues that needs to be worked upon (Panopio 1995).

On the other hand, non-state institutions are created to back up the government in
filling in the gap between the state and its people. In order to achieve their mission,
non-state institutions produce results that uplift the condition of the people in
general. Banks, corporations, trade unions, cooperatives, development agencies, civil
organizations and transnational advocacy group are created to lift the condition of
all sectors of the society (Baleña 2016).

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 What’s New

Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B, Write the letter of the correct
answer before the number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____1. An agency of the government A. Department of Education

that protects its territories and
boundaries
_____2. A state agency that looks after
municipalities and barangays
_____3. An agency of the government
that ensures quality education
_____4. A state agency that creates
public infrastructure like school
buildings, roads, and bridges
_____5. An agency of the government
that looks after the welfare of
Filipinos working overseas
(DepEd)
B. Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE)
C. Overseas Workers Welfare
Administration (OWWA)
D. Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP)
E. Department of Health (DOH)
F. Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG)
G. Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH)

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MAGIC LETTERS, MAGIC PICTURES

Look at the images below. Pay attention to the boxes with magic letters attached to
them. Then, follow instructions on the next parts of the activity.

Write all eight magic letters here (in any order):

___________________________________________________________

7 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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Arrange the magic letters below to form a word that describes the institutions inside
the bubbles where your magic letters are attached. Four letters of the word are
already given:

MAGIC WORD N N T T

Example 1. 1 0 1 0 1 0

Example 2. 1 3 1 1 1 0

Example 3. 2 1 1 1 1 1

Example 4. 0 2 1 1 1 1

Example 5. 2 1 1 1 1 5

Example 6. 2 2 1 1 2 0

Example 7. 2 2 2 3 5 1

Found the magic word? If yes, then use the numbers below each magic letter to
complete the puzzle on the next page. The numbers tell the number of times the
magic letter will be used to form each example of a non-state institution. Some letters
are already given below. Note: Red boxes correspond to spaces.

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Based on the words formed in the previous puzzle, name the pictures seen earlier in
this activity. Meanwhile, make sure to examine and connect the pictures below by
writing the answers on the spaces provided.

1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

4. ____________________ 5. ____________________

7. ____________________

9 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 What is It

(Background) Institutions

There are different models of social institutions used in different countries nowadays,
most of which are inspired by the long history of their country while others are
influenced by other nations. There are two major types of state or social institutions:
the communist, based on command economy; and the democracy, based on
capitalist economy (Panopio 1995).

Most communist countries, like the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR),
and North Korea, are governed by their respective governments alone. They do not
allow private companies or individuals to do business in their land; thus, the people
have no opportunity to choose because the government decide what is best for their
own citizens (Panopio 1995).

However, democracy is a kind of government based on capitalism where the

government provides the major industries but allows private entities or individuals
to produce goods and services for the people; thus, citizens are given much freedom
to choose for themselves (Panopio 1995).

Political Institutions, State Institutions

Certain organizations help keep these basic institutions in place. Politically, the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) helps the government maintain peace and
order throughout its territory. The Local Government Units (LGU) is created to cater
the needs of the local barangays or communities. The Department of Education
(DepEd) ensures the quality of education based on the needs and norms the society.
The different branches of the government create, implement, and interpret the laws
we use as guide for our conduct. These organized, political bodies are called state
institutions. Government-controlled state institutions fulfil the wishes of the
Philippine State: public service and public control. For example, the government may
declare martial law in a troubled area, and the AFP makes sure that this is strictly
followed, whether the people like it or not (De Leon 2008).

10 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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Non-State Institutions

Ideally, in a democratic country, major industries must be under the control of the
state, like banks, petroleum, transportation, and communication because they are
vital in the economy of the country. However, in the recent years, the said industries
are being sold to private entities to carry away the burden from its operation and
maintenance. Today, private corporations headed by executives controls the major
industries in the country with very minimum government supervision, most of these
are petroleum (Shell, Caltex and Petron), telecommunication (Smart, Globe and
PLDT), transportation (Cebu Pacific and Philippine Air Lines), etc. These entities
significantly affect the lives of the people either directly or indirectly (Baleña 2016).

Meanwhile, corporations based on profit (ABS-CBN, GMA 7 and PTV 5) manage most
television networks in the country. They are duty bound to serve the public by giving
current news and information but more so entertainment to attract viewers. The
more viewers a station has, the more product advertisements coming in, and thus
the profit comes along. This is why television networks in the country are becoming
antagonistic as shown in their publicity ratings.

Moreover, if you wish to have a car but do not have the enough money to buy, one
can find a bank that offers car loan arrangements. If one wishes to own a business
but hesitant to fail, he or she may consider the stock market and be a shareholder
in a corporation. If a worker wants a better compensation, he or she may join and be
part of a trade union. These are just some examples of non-state institutions: non-
governmental organizations operating to satisfy many of our short-term and long-
term, small-scale, and large-scale, and tangible and intangible demands (De Leon
2008).

Non-state institutions include the following: banks, corporations, trade unions,

cooperatives, development agencies, civil organizations, and transnational advocacy
groups.

1. Banks help us keep our money, avail different kinds of loan, and exchange
currencies. The accumulated money of the bank is invested to some projects
to gain profit; this is how banks pay their workers and depositors’ interest
depending on the agreed terms.

Moreover, banks help the country by providing financial assistance to those

entrepreneurs who wanted to create or expand their business. By doing so,
they also provide job opportunities among local citizens.

11 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 Although there are state and non-state banks in the country, both types serve
their respective purposes. Yet, most depositors choose state banks because
the government itself backs it up, thus the possibility of bankruptcy is very
small. On the other hand, corporations or group of individuals manages non-
state banks. Although ensured by the government through the Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas, it is but only to a minimum extent. Like in the case of certain
banks, when a bank declares bankruptcy, each depositor could only receive
only a portion of their deposit (Contreras et al. 2016). Examples of banks
include the Bank of the Philippine Islands, Metrobank, and Rizal Commercial
Banking Corporation (RCBC).

2. A corporation is owned by a group of people but has a separate legal identity

(the owners of a corporation are not responsible for its own debts).
Corporations offer stocks (determines level of ownership), as well as bonds
(allows one to earn interest). These generate large amounts of capital, which
is needed for growth (Contreras et al. 2016). Some well-known corporations
are San Miguel Corporation, Accenture, and Shell.

Since a corporation is associated with various industries, it needs a huge work

force to run and operate. This provides job opportunities to number of workers
in the country and thus lessen the problem of poverty.

3. Trade unions. There are some entrepreneurs who are only after for profit,
and they tend to maximize working hours and minimize wages as much as
possible. This is where the trade union steps in. They look after the well-being
of the workers. Collectively, they raise issues such as low salary, lack of
compensation, etc. to the management that sometimes ends up with work
“stoppage” or strike until the demands of both sides are met. (Contreras et al.
2016).

Trade unions are created to protect the labor force of the country. Workers are
essential to the creation of goods and services for the citizenry. In the
Philippines, the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines has the largest
membership.

4. Cooperatives are made up of people with common interest who agreed to work
together for easy, safe, and affordable access to commodities, loans, and other
services. They are created to help and empower one another with a minimum
help from the government (Contreras et al. 2016). Farmers’ cooperatives and
teachers’ cooperatives are common examples.

5. Development agencies promote progress by engaging in projects,

policymaking, and dialogue (Contreras et al. 2016). Some countries with active
agencies in the Philippines are Japan (JICA), Canada (CIDA), and U.S.A.
(USAID). Those providing financial assistance include the Asian Development
Bank (ADB).

12 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 Development agencies works as a bank that provides financial assistance to
important projects. The creation of bridge that connects one province to
another, or road construction that helps ordinary farmers transport their
products may be put into reality through the help of these agencies.

6. Civil organizations include academic institutions, research teams, mass

media, religious organizations, and people’s organizations. They provide facts
about the life’s various realities to influence policy-making (Contreras et al.
2016).

These organizations are created to expose the conditions of the marginalized

sector of the society by using mass media as its platform as they raise critical
issues to the government.

7. Transnational advocacy groups influence the government to take action on

matters commonly neglected. A group maybe a national or an international
organization that promotes and advocates progress and development related
to particular issues of the society. (Contreras, et al., 2016). Greenpeace and
Human Rights Watch are some examples.

13 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 What’s More

Direction: Based on the previous activity, answer the following questions.

1. Examine the pictures on the previous page. What is the importance of each non-
state institution to our country? Answer this question by completing the
unfinished statements below.

a. Banks allow us to _____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

b. Corporations give us the chance to ___________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

c. Trade unions help workers to _________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

d. Cooperatives can make cheaper goods and services for us to __________________

________________________________________________________________________________

e. Development agencies transform our _________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

f. Civil Organizations can be useful in __________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

g. Transnational advocacy groups raise awareness about ______________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Are these non-state institutions connected to the government? If yes, how? If no,
why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the functions of the government in relation to its people?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do non-state institutions help the government in performing its functions?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think will happen if we do not have non-state institutions?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

14 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 What I Have Learned

Directions: After learning about non-state institutions and their contributions to an

individual’s development and the community in general, write something about
yourself and your community by completing the phrases below.

What are the duties and responsibilities of the state to its people?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Because of non-state institutions, I am able to

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Because of non-state institutions, my community is now

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

15 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 What I Can Do

Read and analyze the quotation together with its hashtags. Afterwards, explain what
you understand about the statement by completing the phrase below.

Based on the quotation, I learned that ____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

16 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 Assessment

Direction: Read the following items carefully. Shade the circle that corresponds to
the letter of your answer.

1. Backed up by the government itself, this institution has less tendency to be

bankrupt. In relation, this non-state institution can also be a state institution.
Which one is it?
a. Banks
b. Cooperatives
c. Corporations
d. Trade unions

2. Non-state agencies like JICA, CIDA, and USAID provide financial assistance
to particular projects of a country like building bridges or roads that are
essential for development. Which non-state institution provides this kind of
aid?
a. Banks
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies

3. There are various kinds of institutions in any society. Some are state-owned
while some are not. Which of the following can be an example of a non-state
institution?
a. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
b. Banks
c. Local government
d. Philippine executive government

4. Non-state institutions from other countries can also have a big impact to the
Philippines. What is the MOST expected function of these non-state
institutions?
a. Development
b. Investigations
c. Investments, finances
d. Reforms on economic and political practices

17 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
Module 1
5. Non-state institutions are often seen as doing what the government also does.
To set it apart from the government, which of the following terms BEST
describes non-state institutions?
a. Involuntary
b. Locally-based
c. Non-governmental
d. Publicly and privately owned

6. Which non-state institution raises awareness on certain issues, such as

Amnesty International for human rights violations?
a. Advocacy groups
b. Civil organizations, e.g. religion
c. Civil organizations, e.g. research
d. Transnational development agencies

7. Civil organizations come in many forms. Which one is MOST expected to show
the realities of the daily living of ordinary members of society?
a. Law firms
b. Mass media
c. Overseas research team
d. People’s organizations in communities

8. The state works as a family, it creates agencies to provide for the welfare of its
members. Meanwhile, non-state institutions work as _______________ to lessen
the burden of the state-government.
a. parents
b. brothers and sisters
c. tito and tita
d. lolo and lola

9. Helen is maltreated by her employer in Saudi Arabia where she works as a

domestic helper. What government agency must she seek help?
a. Department of Health
b. Department of Interior and Local Government
c. Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
d. Department of Education

10. Former United States of America vice president Al Gore went to the country
last 2017 to speak about the impacts of climate change. This kind of
advocacy is the duty provided by a non-state agency known as ____.
a. Bank
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies

18 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about non-state institutions?
a. Some are for profit while some are not.
b. Some are foreign while some are local.
c. They contribute a lot to the economy.
d. They do not influence what the government does.

12. Non-state institutions are not directly connected to the government, but still
play a significant role in performing state functions. Which of the following
is LEAST likely to be a classification of non-state institutions?
a. Civil
b. Market
c. Political
d. Transnational

13. Non-state institutions function just like the government. In relation to

government functions, what term BEST describes the function of non-state
institutions?
a. Band-aid
b. Gap-filling
c. Long-term
d. Replacement

14. Non-state institutions play a very important role in people’s daily lives. Which
non-state institution helps people acquire money or property in order to start
a business?
a. Banks
b. Cooperatives
c. Corporations
d. Trade unions

15. If workers want to convince the government to end contractualization but the
government is not listening, which non-state institution will be able to gather
workers and force dialogue with the government?
a. Cooperative
b. Labor unions
c. Rural and farmers’ banks
d. Workers who are members of corporations

19 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 Additional Activities

Match each problem with the non-state institution that could solve the issue. Write
the letters of your choice on the blanks.

_____A. Medicines are very expensive in your local drugstores.

_____B. The sea is running out of fish because of dynamite fishing.
_____C. You want to buy a house but will never have enough money for it.
_____D. You work for 18 hours a day, and you cannot take it any longer.
_____E. Your community is always flooded and building a dam is needed.

F G H I J
Advocacy Bank Cooperative Development Trade
Group Agency Union

20 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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 Module 1
CO_Q2_UCSP SHS 21
Additional Activity
A. H
B. F
C. G
D. J
E. I
What’s New Assessment What I Know
1. D 1. A 1. B
2. F 2. D 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. C
4. G 4. A 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. C
6. A 6. B
(word) NON-STATE 7. D 7. C
1. Banks 8. B 8. A
2. Corporations 9. C 9. B
3. Trade Unions 10. C 10. C
4. Cooperatives 11. D 11. A
5. Development agencies 12. C 12. A
6. Civil organization 13. B 13. B
7. Transnational 14. A 14. D
advocates 15. B 15. D
Answer Key
References

“The Philippines”. Accessed June 9, 2020. www.family.jrank.org/ pages/1277/

philippines.html.
Baleña Edrlina D., Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta. 2016. Understanding Culture
Society and Politics. Quezon City: Educational Resource Corporation.
Contreras, Antonio P., Areleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasaga and Cecile C. Fadrigon.
2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House Inc.

De Leon, Hector S. 2008. Philippine Constitution. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Halili-Jao, Nina . 2018 “The evolving Filipino family value system”. Philstar.com. Accessed
June 9, 2020. www.philstar.com/lifestyle/allure/2018/07/29/1837596/evolving-
filipino-family-value-sytem.
Panopio, Isabel S., Felicidad V. Cordero-MacDonald and Adelisa A. Raymundo. 1995.
Sociology Focus on the Philippines. Quezon City, Rex Publishing House Inc.

22 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph