Developing

Bagde
del curso
Entrepreneurial
Skills
Daphne S. Leger
 Welcome
Getting into the world of
innovation
 Who is this course for?

❏ People who have/want to create their own business.

❏ People who want to join a startup.
❏ People with “normal” jobs, i.e. employees.
❏ People who have or want to have a “side hustle”.
❏ People who have no idea what they want, but want to
be innovative no matter where they end up!
 What are we going to cover?
✓ How and why to think about innovation.
✓ How to listen to your user.
✓ How to create valuable ideas.
✓ How to consider the outside world.
✓ How to put your ideas to the test.
✓ How to go from idea to business.
✓ How to get people on board.
✓ How to innovate in the real world.
 Who are you learning with?
Hi!
I’m Daphne
Why does innovation
matter?
67 5

15 70%
 What a Crisis Teaches
Us About Innovation

1. A crisis provides a sudden and real sense of

urgency.
2. Organizations can drop all other priorities and
focus on a single challenge, reallocating
resources as needed.
3. Teams come together to solve the problem with
a greater diversity of perspectives.

Elsbeth Johnson and Fiona Murray - November 30, 2020

 What a Crisis Teaches
Us About Innovation

4. The importance of finding a solution legitimizes

what would otherwise constitute waste,
allowing for more experimentation and learning.
5. Because the crisis is only temporary, the
organization can commit to a highly intense
effort over a short period of time.

Elsbeth Johnson and Fiona Murray - November 30, 2020

 The “T-shaped” Professional

“I-shaped” Generalist “T-shaped”

Expert at one Capable in a lot of Capable in a lot of
thing things but not expert things and expert in
in any one or a few
What is (and isn’t!)
innovation?
 Innovation

Solutions that generate

real value for
the user.
What does innovation look
like in our daily lives?

Ícono Ícono

Helping grandma Creative

with the remote adjustments
control
 Motives to innovate

● By panic:
To survive; if you don’t innovate, your company
could disappear.
● By purpose:
To evolve; build a reason to be that serves as a
guide to innovate.
 Levels of innovation
Effort

Incremental Evolutive Disruptive

Impact
 Types of innovation

Configuration Offering Experience

Product Customer
Network Process system Channel engagement

Profit Structure Product Service Brand

model performance

10 TYPES OF INNOVATION- LARRY KEELEY

Can I innovate?
 2 methodologies
you’ll need
to innovate

1) Design Thinking
2) Lean Startup
Design Thinking:
Don’t assume,
understand
(the user). What do
Desirable people
Human want?

What is What is
technically Feasible Viable financially
Technology Business
feasible for viable?
us?
Lean Startup:
Don’t talk, try Idea
(to ￬ risk, time, cost).

Learn Build

Lean
Startup
Cycle
Data Product

Measure
Types of innovators

Entre- Intra-
preneurs Both play preneurs
LEADERSHIP
roles
Have more Take less
FREEDOM RISK
 Mentality of an innovator

● Accept we don’t know

● Show empathy
● Question everything
● Try new things
● Learn from failure
● Iterate, iterate, iterate
Your first challenge:
Define your relationship with
innovation (until now) & what
context you want to innovate
next in 3 pictures/words.
 How to define my
innovation challenge
 Innovation
transforms problems
into opportunities
 What’s
your
problem?
Innovation
Challenge
 If you skip the
challenge
definition…

You could end up

solving the wrong
problem!
 Challenge Definition:
How might we?

● Context
● Problem/Opportunity
● Target user
● Impact
● Open vs. Closed
● Productive Constraints
 Challenge Definition:
How might we?

● Improve women’s lives in Mexico City.

● Increase flexible work opportunities for single
mothers in Mexico City.
● Increase class attendance of students in their high
school classes through a system of economic
incentives.
● Develop high schools’ students personal
commitment to graduating in time.
 Innovation Challenge

How might we make our customers perceive and

value our movie theatre as a world class VIP
experience?
 Remember: you can innovate
in ANYTHING!

● Products ● Tools
● Services ● Processes
● Clients ● People
● Environment ● ...
● Communication
 Challenge Definition:
How might we?
● Context
● Problem/Opportunity
● Target user
● Impact
● Open vs. Closed
● Productive Constraints
 Your turn:
What is an important/relevant
innovation challenge you want
to define for yourself?
 Your challenge:
Share your innovation challenge
in the comments to get input &
review others’ to add your
feedback!
The importance of
empathy
Listening to your user
“A” Chairs
vs.
“B” Chairs
 Empathy is the capacity to
understand or feel what
another person is experiencing
from within their frame of
reference, that is, the capacity
to place oneself in another's
position.

According to Wikipedia
 Consider ALL the potential
“users” for your challenge

● Client
● Provider
● Employee
● Partner
● Community Member
● Etc...
 Rule #1:
There are no facts inside
your building, so get out
of the building.

Steve Blank
Before jumping to the solution, you
have to understand the problem!
Don’t fall in love with the solution.
If I had an hour to solve a
problem, I would spend
55 minutes thinking
about the problem and 5
minutes thinking about
solutions.

Albert Einstein
Listening with empathy starts with
asking good questions

The The glass Why is the glass

glass is is half twice the size
half full empty you need?

The optimist The pessimist The innovator

That is why you must listen to your
user and practice empathy!
Listening methods
 There are lots of types of
“information” about your users

Breadth

Qualitative Quantitative

Depth
INNOVATION LAB | gravitytank collaboration with UC Berkeley Haas School of Business
 There are lots of types of
“information” about your users

Breadth Database

Survey

Qualitative Observation Quantitative

Focus group

Interview Depth
INNOVATION LAB | gravitytank collaboration with UC Berkeley Haas School of Business
What do you need
to learn about?
BEHAVIORS What people do (specific activities).

VALUES What is important to people, their

priorities, decision criteria.

NEEDS Requirements or goals they want to

reach.

BARRIERS Pain points, things that get in the way of

their goals.
What do you need
to learn about?
CATALYSTS Events or conditions that cause people to
act.

CONTEXTS External conditions that influence

people’s behavior.

Go beyond stats & basic info!

 Listening methods

● Immersion
● Digital ethnography
● Ethnographic interviews
● Etc...
Immersion
 Digital ethnography
“Take a picture of
your route to
work.”

“Take a video of
“Register the “Document the process to
most stressful your favorite make an
moment of the part of your appointment in
day.” day.” the clinic.”
Ethnographic interviews
 Tips for ethnographic interviews

● Establish an open, friendly, trusting tone.

● Use open questions.
● Listen actively and explore.
● Note everything of interest.
 Your challenge:
Define which methods you could
use to listen to your user and how
you could implement them. Share
in the comments and
make it happen!
How to go from info to
insights
 What is your end goal with
listening to your user?
● Go from information to INSIGHTS that help us
better understand our innovation challenge.

● INSIGHT: A new and deep understanding about

the user that inspires action and unlocks a
business opportunity.
 Notice Actionable
something learning

OBSERVATION + UNDERSTANDING = INSIGHT

“Why is this
important?”
 Insight Example

● Observation: Most people feed their dogs in the

morning and evenings.
● Understanding: People feel better feeding their
dogs during the family’s own breakfast and
dinner times.
● Insight: People feel guilty eating in front of their
dogs if they’re not getting fed at the same time.
 Insight Example

Elderly people seek autonomy and

accessibility to manage their finances, but
they also want advice and support to use
digital tools.
 Insights should not just
be TRUE...

They must be:

● authentic
● useful
● unobvious
● revealing

In order to later help you generate valuable IDEAS

 The moment between
arriving at the cinema and
the beginning of the film
is one of the few during
the week that couples
have to relax together
and chat.
The moment has to be designed to encourage that
opportunity to connect and catch up.
 Your challenge:
Share an insight you have
discovered about your user in
the comments.
Can I be creative?

Creating valuable ideas

Are you creative?
Are you creative? YES!
 Why is creativity important?

● Creativity allows an entrepreneur to disconnect

from the accustomed and move into uncharted
territories with an aim to create unique and
useful solutions.

● It has become essential for all leaders and team

members to develop their creative skills.
Think Different
Pareidolia

Faces Everywhere
 Think Big

● Design a flower vase

● Now consider, what problem does a flower vase

solve?

● Now, design a way for people to experience

flowers
 Your challenge:
Share a picture of pareidolia
that YOU took in the
comments!
Finding inspiration
You don’t have to wait for
divine inspiration...

You can proactively search for inspiration!

 1878

▼50%

Chicken Incubator Baby Incubator Embrace

Paris Zoo Paris Maternity
Hospital
Creativity often comes when you
take an idea from its original
context and you move it
somewhere else. It’s easier to
think outside the box if you spend
your time clambering from one
box into another.

Tim Harford
You don’t have to come up with
completely original ideas...

You can mix & match or remix

things into new ideas!
 Inspiration from
Analogous Contexts

● Direct - Your industry

● Indirect - Other industries
● Abstract - Other trends
 Analogous
Inspiration Example

Innovation Challenge: How might we get young

people from hating to excited about doing their
taxes?

Product/company/service name: Slack

Big Idea: Mixes serious topics like productivity &

collaboration with being FUN.
 Analogous
Inspiration Example

Key points: They ALWAYS make sure to put the

FUN part as a differentiator in:
a. the product
b. customer service interactions
c. marketing material
 Analogous
Inspiration Example

Evidence:
 Your challenge:
Think of an analogous context
that could provide inspiration
for your challenge and share it
in the comments!
Brainstorming
 Brainstorming

● One of many formats

● Multidisciplinary
● Focused
● Clear RULES
 The Mathematics
of Innovation

● 1000 possibilities
● 100 viable ideas
● 10 concepts
● 1 innovation
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement
Encourage wild ideas
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement
Encourage wild ideas
Build on the ideas of others
(“yes, and”… not “no, but”)
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement
Encourage wild ideas
Build on the ideas of others
(“yes, and”… not “no, but”)

Stay focused on the

challenge
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement
Encourage wild ideas
Build on the ideas of others
(“yes, and”… not “no, but”)

Stay focused on the

challenge
One idea at a time
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement Be clear about each idea

Encourage wild ideas
Build on the ideas of others
(“yes, and”… not “no, but”)

Stay focused on the

challenge
One idea at a time
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement Be clear about each idea

Encourage wild ideas Go for quantity
Build on the ideas of others
(“yes, and”… not “no, but”)

Stay focused on the

challenge
One idea at a time
 Brainstorm “Rules”

Defer judgement Be clear about each idea

Encourage wild ideas Go for quantity
Build on the ideas of others
(“yes, and”… not “no, but”)

Stay focused on the

challenge
One idea at a time
 Brainstorming Technique:
Crazy 8s

● Individually.
● Take a sheet of paper, divide it in 8 boxes.
● Draw/write 1 idea for your challenge in each
box.
● Select your favorite idea.
● Develop it further and/or share with the team.
Brainstorming Technique:
Crazy 8s
Brainstorming Technique:
What would x do?
 Brainstorming Technique:
What would x do?

● Individually or as a team.
● Think of inspiration cases (companies, people,
brands, etc).
● Think of how THEY would solve your challenge.
● Develop the idea further!
 Your challenge:
Share your challenge and one
idea you have.
Build on someone else’s idea
with the “yes, and…” method!
How to go from idea
to concept
 Concepts

● Idea = general possibility.

● Concept = concrete solution with key
elements/steps to guide implementation.
 Example of going from idea
to concept

Patients can go step by

step through their
medical visit with useful The
info on their cell idea
phones.
 Example of going from idea to
concept
MyClinic Vibe: With you every step of the way
The pt
Tnhcee t Patients are lost, confused, and frustrated during their visit
C o ep
c This app provides personalized step by step information as they go
Con

The patient can Her cell phone Narrated videos A quiz-like

start her mobile vibrates when explain each survey helps
registration as it’s her turn in step and its confirm she
soon as she each step of the value understood
arrives clinical process everything at the
 Example of going from idea
to concept

MyClinic Vibe: Patients are lost,

confused, and frustrated
With you every step of during their visit.
the way.
This app provides
personalized step by step
information as they go.

The
concept
 Example of going from idea
to concept
1. The patient can start 2. Her cell phone
her mobile vibrates when it’s her
registration as soon as turn in each step of the
she arrives. clinical process.
 Example of going from idea
to concept
3. Narrated videos 4. A quiz-like survey helps
explain each step and confirm she understood
its value. everything at the end of
her visit.
 NAME
ICON
TAGLINE

Problem insight:
Value Proposition:

STEP/ STEP/ STEP/ STEP/

ELEMENT ELEMENT ELEMENT ELEMENT
1 2 3 4
(draw or (draw or (draw or (draw or
write) write) write) write)
Prioritizing ideas/concepts

BIG
QUICK WINS
OPPORTUNITIES
Viable

NOT RIGHT
BIG BETS
NOW

Impactful
Who and what else is
out there?
Considering the outside world
Imagine...
 Competition...

● Is a good sign
● Is always out there
Substitutes
Alternatives
The Status Quo
Comparison Tables
Comparison Tables
 Your challenge:

Define an unexpected
“competitor” for your idea
and share it in the
comments.
Thinking about the
context
Context
Matters
 Context Map Canvas

ECONOMY &
RULES & ENVIRONMENT
REGULATIONS
DEMOGRAPHIC
COMPETITION
TRENDS

YOUR
COMPANY

TECHNOLOGY CUSTOMER
UNCERTAINTY
TRENDS NEEDS
 (Mega)trends

Major movements or patterns at a macro and

global level that will have a transformative impact
economies, business and society in the future.

Climate Aging Connected

Change Population Consumers
Shift in
Shifting
Digita- Global
Energy
lization Economic
Power Market

American Coatings Association

ACCELERATION CYCLICALITY REDIRECTION

REDUCTION CONVERGENCE DIVERGENCE

Trend Hunter
 Example: trends in the
beverage industry
Decisions are being influenced by social media
Of people who drink non carbonated beverages

47% 31%
say content from family say groups and
and friends on social communities they are
networks is helpful in part of influence their
discovering new drinks. drink choices.

Facebook IQ, 11 Feb, 2020,

Quenching Today’s Thirsts: How
Modern Consumers Find and
Choose Drinks
 Example: trends in the
beverage industry
Increased consciousness about health benefits
Of people who drink non carbonated beverages

36% 30%
check ingredients when often choose a diet
buying a drink for the option.
first time.

Facebook IQ, 11 Feb, 2020,

Quenching Today’s Thirsts: How
Modern Consumers Find and
Choose Drinks
RECAP
 Module 1: Getting into the
world of innovation

● Being innovative is key to remain relevant as an

organization and professional.
● Innovation is: solutions that generate real value
for the user.
● Your first step should always be to clearly define
your innovation challenge.
 Module 2:
Listening to your user

● It is key to understand the problem and user

before jumping to the solution.
● You can use a variety of methods to get
information from your user like immersion,
digital ethnography and ethnographic
interviews.
● You must transform all the information
gathered into insights, i.e actionable learning.
 Module 3:
Creating Valuable Ideas

● You are creative and you can develop your

creativity.
● It is helpful to find inspiration in analogous
contexts.
● Brainstorming should be used as a structured
and focused method to generate ideas.
● Ideas should be transformed into more
elaborate concepts and prioritized.
 Module 4: Considering the
outside world

● Competition is always there so it’s key to

identify and analyze it so you can compare it
with your idea.
● It’s important to consider the overall context of
your idea and any trends that might help or
hinder it.
Why to prototype

Putting your ideas to the test

How do I go from
great idea to
validated idea?
 With
prototypes!
 What is a prototype?

An early version of your

idea that you can put in
front of a potential
customer.
Guess the prototype

Your
challenge
 Guess the prototype

First Twitter
prototype
sketched by Jack
Dorsey.
 Why should you prototype?

To bring your ideas to

life and define them in
more detail for
feedback, validation,
and iteration.
? ? ?
Risk Risk Risk
#1 #2 #3
LEARN
FAIL
FAST
 Why prototype?

● It allows us to empathize with users (again!).

● It allows us to keep learning.
● It makes us question assumptions.
● It shows us where/how we’re wrong.
● It helps us lower risk around our idea.
● It allows us to adapt & adjust our idea.
What to prototype
 What should you prototype?

● Instead of the complete solution, it’s better to

identify specific parts/variables to save time and
money and be more precise with validations and
iterations.
● Choose the most important/risky part of your
idea to prototype and validate.
 Consider

● What do you want to learn?

● What do you need to validate about your market,
problem or solution?
● What is the most important question to answer?
● What are the most risky assumptions (hypothesis)?
● Think practically about what you really need to try!
teamwork time!
 You are a scientist
in this step
● Be clear about what you
are testing and how you
will measure.
● Be careful to not bias your
results.
● Any learning is valid and
valuable, not just a
confirmation of
hypothesis.
 Guide to running a
prototype test
DOCUMENT EVERYTHING (PHOTOS, VIDEOS, NOTES, ETC)

Interaction
Friendly Test Intro to Debrief
with
Welcome Purpose prototype with user
prototype
Build trust. Clarify Transition Actively Ask
intentions. from real observe questions
world to and give about likes/
tasks. dislikes/etc.
simulated
world.
How to prototype
ProtoTYPES
 Storytelling

Tell a potential user the

story of your idea.
Describe what the
experience/product
would be like.
 Roleplay

● Act out the experience of your idea with the

user.
● Consider different roles.
● Use visual support to help the user get a more
realistic experience of your idea.
 Model

Make a simple representation of

your idea.
Use paper or other basic
materials. You can build models
of digital tools/web pages on
paper or digitally WITHOUT
coding anything.
Start with low resolution/fidelity
and increase it little by little.
 Fake Door

Promote your product/service before it

even exists to measure interest.
 Wizard of Oz

The appearance and

experience of a
complete and working
service, where all of the
invisible processes are
carried out manually.
 Pilot

A short term limited

project selling your
product/service with
the main purpose of
learning and improving.
 How would you prototype?

Your idea or this one: ● Storytelling

● Roleplay
● Model
● Fake Door
● Wizard of Oz
● Pilot
● Other?
Post Prototype
 The Prototype Phases

1. Build 2
2. Try 3
3. Learn 1
4. Iterate 4
What to do with the
results

Positive Points Points to Change

Doubts/Qs New ideas

 Iteration

Small adjustment based on results.

Wednesday WED

12 12
 Pivot

More significant adjustment/ change of direction:

● Zoom in
● Zoom out
● Client Segment
● Client Need
● Business Model
● Channel
● Technology
 Death

Part of life, part of

innovation!
 Last Prototype Tips

● Don't try to prototype the complete solution, do it

in parts.
● Don't take your prototype too seriously, it shouldn't
be precious.
● What you can put together is good enough.
● Iterate a lot, don't be afraid to change the idea.
● Less talking and planning, more DOING.
Business Model
Canvas
Going from idea to business
 What is a business
model/plan?

● A plan for the successful operation of a business,

identifying sources of revenue, the target customer
base, products, and details of financing.
● Essentially it tells us how the key drivers of a
business fit together.
● How your business will create and capture value.

https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2018/10/business-model-canvas-explained/
 Entrepreneurs don't write a
100-page business plan and
execute it one time; they're always
experimenting and adapting based
on what they learn.

Thomas Friedman
NOBODY
HAS
TIME TO
READ A
NOVEL
 Advantages of the Business
Model Canvas

● Easy to understand: Single Page, very visual, very

easy to understand.
● Focused: Removes any fluff that might have been
present in a traditional business plan.
● Flexible: Quick and easy to make changes to your
model and sketch out different ideas.
 Advantages of the Business
Model Canvas

● Customer focused: Forces you to think about the

value you’re providing to your customers, and only
then what it takes to deliver that value.
● Shows connections: Shows how the different parts
of the model interrelate to each other.
● Easy to communicate: You’ll be able to share and
explain it easily, making it easier to get people on
board with your vision.
 The Business Model Canvas

Key Customer
activities relationship

Key Value Customer

partners proposition segment
Key
Channels
resources

Cost Revenue
structure streams
 The Business Model Canvas

Start
here
What do you
Value
proposition
do that is
special?
The Business Model Canvas

Customer
segment

Who do you
help?
The Business Model Canvas

Channels
How do you
reach them?
The Business Model Canvas

How do you Customer

relationship
interact?
The Business Model Canvas

Key
activities How do you do
it?
The Business Model Canvas

Key What do you

resources
need?
 The Business Model Canvas

Key Who will help

partners you?
 The Business Model Canvas

What will it
cost you?

Cost
structure
The Business Model Canvas

How will you

make money?

Revenue
streams
How to capture value
Innovation is about

Creating &
Capturing VALUE
Creating & Capturing VALUE is
about:

Your business
model
 Types of
Business Model
Manufacturer: A manufacturer makes finished products from raw materials. It may sell
directly to the customers or sell it to another business that sells it finally to the customer.

Examples – Ford, 3M, General Electric.

Distributor: A distributor buys products from manufacturers & resells them to retailers or
the public.

Examples – Auto Dealerships.

Retailer: A retailer sells directly to the public after purchasing products from a
distributor/wholesaler.

Examples – Walmart, Tesco.

Franchise: A franchise can be a manufacturer, distributor or retailer. Instead of creating a

new product, the franchisee uses the parent business’s model and brand while paying
royalties to it.

Examples – McDonald’s, Pizza Hut.

Manufacturer
Examples – Ford, 3M, General Electric.

Distributor
Examples – Auto Dealerships.

Retailer
Examples – Walmart, Tesco.

Franchise
Examples – McDonald’s, Pizza Hut.
Subscription
Example: Netflix.

Freemium
Examples: Zoom, Dropbox, etc.

Advertisement
Examples: Youtube, Forbes.

Data Licencing / Data Selling

Examples: Twitter sells/licences users’ data to third parties
which use it for analysis, ads, etc.
SAAS
Example: Salesforce.

Peer-to-peer Platform
Example: Airbnb allows transactions between hosts and
guests.

Online Marketplace
Examples – Amazon, Alibaba.

Crowd Source Business Model

Example: Companies like Wikipedia.
Razor and blade business model
Example: Xbox or PlayStation Video Games, Nespresso coffee
machines

SOCIAL
One-for-one business model
Examples: TOMS Shoes, Warby Parker (donates eyeglasses)

Social enterprise business model

Example: Brunello Cucinelli is an Italian luxury brand that
donates about 20% of its profits towards a social cause
Change management

Getting people on board

Attempted
Innovation

Successful
Innovation
Resistance is Futile
Resistance is Human
ACHIEVED
SUCCESS

LIKELIHOOD OF TRYING SOMETHING

NEW OR TAKING RISKS
Think of people you have to
get onboard as...

Another user!
 Consider

How to make it in their interest?

How to make it easier for them?
How to address their concerns?
How to pitch
What is the purpose of
presenting?

Connect &
Convince
 How do I convince?

Logos
Reason/logical proof
Pathos
Emotional Appeal
Ethos
Evidence of credibility
Ingredients for a Pitch
 1) Start with the problem

What need are you resolving?

Why is it important?
Personal Story - yours or someone else’s that the audience
can relive with you.
Impactful Declaration - data, profound/big & relevant for
the audience.
Powerful Question - exploratory/reflective, puts the
audience in introspective mode.
 Logos

Establish the big picture context.

Logical proof that the problem deserves
attention, using fact-based evidence.
 Pathos

Describe the need.

Appeal to the emotions illustrating the problem
with human examples with which the audience
can relate.
 2) Continue with the solution

That’s why I created…

Focus on the value proposition.
Explain what makes your solution unique.
Show that your solution is innovative and based
on the user.
Create & Capture Value

Start here
Viable
Business
Desirable
Human

Feasible
Technology
 3) Introduce Yourself

Many times people “buy” not the idea but the team
behind it.
What can you say about yourself/the team that
sells the idea.
This part can go here or at some other point in the
pitch.
 Ethos

Establish credibility
Show evidence of your authority on the subject:
● Technical expertise
● Relevant education
● Personal experience
● Investigation you have done
 4) Call to Action

I need x from you.

Explain where you are at today, what the next step
is, and what you need help with.
Think broadly (investment, alliance, provider,
advice, etc).
 Your challenge:
Prepare and post a brief pitch.
Give feedback on the pitch
videos I shared with you or on
the new ones posted!
How to do more with
less
Innovating in the Real World
Necessity is the mother
of invention

Plato
 Frugal Innovation

Getting the most potential out of limited

resources to generate real value for the
user.
 “Jugaad” (India)

Improvised or
temporary solution
using limited resources.
 Resourcefulness

The capacity to resolve

a problem effectively
within the resources
and limitations of the
context.
 Limited Resources...
Don’t limit us, it’s the lack of resourceful that limits us!
In innovation, “productive constraints” can allow us to:

● Imagine improbable ● Propose new hypotheses

connections between
objects, people and
resources
● Try with what we have on
hand
and ask “what if?”
● Move in a more agile way
● Be more tolerant
● Create simple but
effective solutions
 Principles of
Frugal Innovation
● Required functionalities and performance with
appropriate technology.
● More with less resources (ingenuity > capital).
● Reduced costs.
● Inclusive and replicable for many people.
● Focus on user and ecosystem.
● Triple impact: social, economic, environmental.
Frugal & Strategic

Value Resources

Clients Energy Sharing

Shareholder/investor Capital Circular
Society Nature
Time
Complexity
 Your challenge:

Share an image of jugaad

or frugal innovation that
you have seen first hand!
Tips for Innovative
Thinking
 How often do
you try something
completely NEW?
Habits and routine...

Enemies of
Innovative
Thinking!
A habit
AUTOPILOT
 If you always do what you've
always done, you'll always get
what you've always got.

Henry Ford
 Your challenge:

Define one completely

new thing you can do this
week!
Course summary
 Getting into the
world of innovation

● Being innovative is key to remain relevant as an

organization and professional.
● Innovation is: solutions that generate real value
for the user.
● Your first step should always be to clearly define
your innovation challenge.
 Listening to your user

● It is key to understand the problem and user

before jumping to the solution.
● You can use a variety of methods to get
information from your user like immersion,
digital ethnography and ethnographic
interviews.
● You must transform all the information
gathered into insights, i.e actionable learning.
 Creating valuable ideas

● You are creative and you can develop your

creativity.
● It is helpful to find inspiration in analogous
contexts.
● Brainstorming should be used as a structured
and focused method to generate ideas.
● Ideas should be transformed into more
elaborate concepts and prioritized.
 Considering the
outside world

● Competition is always there so it’s key to

identify and analyze it so you can compare it
with your idea.
● It’s important to consider the overall context of
your idea and any trends that might help or
hinder it.
 Putting your ideas
to the test

● Prototypes allow you to put your ideas in front

of users to get feedback.
● This can help you validate your most important
hypotheses and reduce the risk of your idea.
● Prototyping is a cycle that involves iterations
and pivots until you are ready to take your idea
forward.
 Going from idea to business

● The business model canvas is a useful tool to

develop the viability of your idea.
● There are many types of business models you
can consider to capture some of the value your
idea generates.
 Getting people on board

● Resistance to change is human and must be

managed.
● A solid pitch includes the problem, the solution,
the team and a call to action.
 Innovating in the real world

● Frugal innovation challenges you to do more

with less.
● To be innovative, you’ll need to break routines
and habits to make new connections.
Ready, set, innovate!