= pew omy olsen 4 vt allows Fur cqusehwe pal Studies: Nb, Hetot ven ; * pefeiesndl Pathe punte pecker td Frat offret ony resulky done to omar the eewk want | Varables Experimental Units: Confounding Variable: Uncontecilebie Check Your Understandin Does reducing screen brightness increase battery life in laptop computers? To find out, researchers obtained 30 new laptops of the same brand. They chose 15 of the computers at random and adjusted their screens to the brightest setting. ach machine's battery lasted. 1 The other 15 laptop screens were left at the default setting moderate brightness. Researchers then measured how lo Was this an observational study or ai justify your answer. they &celily applied te changl fe half the popvlahen. Questions 24 refer to the following setting. Does eating dinner with their families improve students’ academic performance? According to an ABC News article, “Teenagers who eat with their families at least five times a week are more likely to get better grades in school."24 This finding was based on a sample survey conducted by researchers at Columbia University. 2. Was this an ran experiment? Justify your answer. The stl Tas Faleen bostd on nbovimaton provided . was aot Manipulate . 3. What are the explanatory and ra variables? \, Rating, > Grades Explain clearly why such a study cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship. Suggest a variable that may be confounded with whether families Oueside Factors ; Such aS Han Lomnthy's eat dinner together. personal C#es, Fre [cd's PreFeMes, Thar verethaeve , ett.adjust our experiment to ensure th s najust our experiment to ensure that there is even spit of seniors and Jnors 19 ea 3. The counselors are now worried that a student’s GPA is certainly going to affect their SAT score. Let's look only at the Juniors, We want to be sure that the different GPAS are being evenly distributed into the two treatment groups. How could we be sure the GPAs are evenly distributed? Overt os wen ened: LH G4 9 MIB '9 2 245 19 —) 49 "RoW Ks 14 649 un Jo 2 A Ue 30 3). Ecesor a oe Check Your Understanding: Researchers would like to design an experiment to compare the effectiveness of three different advertisements for a new television series featuring the work of Jane Austen. There are 300 volunteers available for the experiment. Pd) Sa Ad ta, 2 a aoe “yoo people “> Ad 27 Compre eW\XS 4 New ousr 206 / arden’ a < \ ASS pein) Soyo / = i 2. Describe a randomized block design for this experiment. Justify your choice of blocks. Only use peoale ver the ge of 50.iSRSSSReeeeSeeeee pe in this context? 43. Why might a randomized block design be pr fo tally kes Intuy succesivl Het fervation plays in als WeMe « courage every 3 Introduced programs to en Facing small digital dik Jectric company considers pl ry cruhat the cost would be if this Us vo? One cheaper approach ice electricity Us ermonitoring their electricity use (rm tree as well? The company decides YO pare these two approactes (disPIevr tion about energy consumption 4, Many utility companies hat among their customers. AF fouseholds to show current electricity use coninued for a month, Will the displays redu hart and information abo\ wuld this method work al celguct an experiment using 60 households to com! ghar) with a group of customers who receive inform: but no help in monitoring electricity use. rtant to have a control group that didn’t ‘a. Explain why It was impo techart. gives w haseline Fr FPR tt S get the display oF s. reatments to the 60 household Q 4y 47 to 13 We 29 92 $5 56 wo % EM G0 5% So iy hl 97 b. Describe how to randomly assign the t 107) [blo Ww 05 HI 3 3 wes Gowel_i ¢ 7 cote 3 3 § UY 727% %G 17H 36 9IVIS UU 17 39 grour ° <. What is the purpose of randomly assigning treatments in this context? To glimmate Das d._ Create an outline showing a completely randomized design for the experiment. Fo diselay \. Go ruses — do chart — compare oe ~ Zo noknino 4 beeen)