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Introduction
This study encourages researchers to create a brake pad and brake shoe
mockup trainer. The purpose of this study is to assess the students' psychomotor skills
in terms of perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response,
adaptation, and origination. Determine the automotive learner’s performance of
experimental class with pretest and post-test results using the trainer mockup. Most of
all, researchers will also find the correlation ship between psychomotor skills and
students performance in learning the trainer mockup.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
HERE
This study has a general problem regarding the development of mockup trainer for
break shoe and brake pad for automotive students, psychomotor skills remarks and
performance rating. This study is specified with three problems:
a. Perception
b. Set
c. Guided Response
d. Mechanism
f. Adaptation
g. Origination
2. What is the automotive learner’s performance rating in learning the trainer mockup?
3. What is the correlation ship between psychomotor skills remarks and student’s
performance rating in learning the trainer mockup?
Objectives of the Study
This study has a general objectives regarding the development of mockup trainer
for break shoe and brake pad for automotive students. This study is specified with three
objectives:
a. Perception
b. Set
c. Guided Response
d. Mechanism
f. Adaptation
g. Origination
3. Find the correlation ship between psychomotor skills remarks and students
performance rating in learning the trainer mockup.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
HERE
This study will focus on Developing Mockup Trainer for Brake Shoe and Brake
Pads in Bukidnon States University. The needed number of participants was 30
participants from Bachelor of Science in Automotive Technology in school year 2021-
2022. The student performance is based on the rating from psychomotor test of brake
shoe and brake pads trainer mockup for sedan cars. The researcher focus on
assessment of psychomotor skills of the student at its correlationship to the
performance.
DEFINATION OF TERMS
HERE
In this circumstance, our school does not have a mockup for a break shoe or a
break pad. For automotive students, the researcher will create a mockup. As a result,
the following will benefit from this research:
Automotive Students- The study may aid automotive students by allowing them
to use a replica trainer to learn about the brake shoe and brake pad.
Theoretical Framework
This chapter presents the preview of related literature and studies that are
relevant to the study. It includes also the conceptual framework, research paradigm and
hypothesis of the study.
Sedan Cars
A sedan is still defined as a passenger vehicle with four doors and a separate
trunk, as it has traditionally been. The rear seatback and the immovable package tray
below the rear window divide the trunk from the passenger compartment. Many sedans
include a fold-down rear seatback that offers up a pass-through for heavy items that
wouldn't fit in the trunk otherwise. The trunk, however, is shut off from access and
prying eyes when the seatback is in the upright position (Witzenburg and Ceppos 2019)
Most brake materials are composites of multiple materials, rather than single
elements or compounds, in order to attain the qualities required by brakes. Commercial
brake components now use over 2,000 different materials and their variants. Herbert
Frood is credited with creating the first eight brake lining materials in 1897, according to
Nicholson (1995). It was a cotton-based textile that was saturated with bitumen solution
and used in wagon wheels and early vehicles. His idea led to the establishment of the
Ferodo Company, which continues to supply brake lining materials today. The initial
brake lining materials were woven, but by the 1920s, molded materials containing
crysotile asbestos fibers, a common mineral, had supplanted them. In the 1950s, resin-
bonded metallic linings were introduced, and by the 1960s, so-called "semi-mets" with a
higher proportion of metal additions had been produced (Good Year 2021).
Organic brake pads are made of a mixture of common materials like rubber,
carbon, glass/fiberglass and others, secured together by resin. These brake pads are
suitable for everyday driving of non-performance vehicles and don’t produce much heat
with stopping. These pads are often known as Non-Asbestos Organic (ADVICS 2021).
The final type of brake pad is the semi metallic brake pad. Semi metallic brake
pads are different from fully metal brake pads in that they use fillers to create the pad
compound instead of using 100% metal. Full metal brake pads are typically reserved for
truly extreme braking requirements. Semi metallic brake pads are between 30% and
70% metal, including copper, iron, steel, and other composite alloys. These various
metals are combined with graphite lubricant and other fillers to complete the brake pad.
The metallic brake pad compounds available vary, each type offering their own
advantages for everything from daily commutes to track racing (Bridgestone 2021)
By way of contrast, ceramic brake pads are usually your most expensive option for
replacement pads. Made from ceramic materials mixed with copper fibers, ceramic pads
were designed for driver comfort. They are the least noisy, produce very little messy
brake dust, and are stable over a wide range of temperatures. And they last the longest.
Ceramic pads also provide a firmer brake pedal than organic pads. They do not perform
quite as well as other pads in extreme cold and are not well-suited to performance use.
But ceramic brake pads are quiet, comfortable, and durable pads, excellent for daily
driving (Alexa 2020).
Mockup Trainer
The mockup is an exact replica of the engine that comes standard on a car, but
it's mounted on a mechanical platform with all of the essential components for starting it
up. The field of automotive engineering education, particularly in the area of internal
combustion engines, necessitates the employment of appropriate technologies capable
of simulating, testing, and obtaining precise data from their operation. Because
automotive engines are so complicated because they combine a variety of technical
disciplines, a "living engine" known as a mockup was designed to aid in their research
(Albaladejo, Carvalho, Morioka, et al 2013)
The studies that mentioned above is related to the present study because it is all
about the breaking system and its history. The present research develop a mockup
trainer for brake shoe and brake pad.
Conceptual Framework
Student Psychomotor
Skills remarks
a. Perception
b. Set
c. Guided Response
Learner’s
d. Mechanism performance Rating
e. Complex overt
response
f. Adaptation
g. Origination
Research Hypothesis
Based on the conceptual framework and problem of the study, the hypothesis
formulated below will be subject in a development of brake shoe and brake pads trainer
mockup for sedan cars System: Evaluation of Psychomotor Skills and Performance.
Finding the correlation ship between the psychomotor skills and students’ performance
in learning the trainer mockup at 0.05 level of significance.
H1: There is a correlationship between the psychomotor skills remarks and student’s
performance rating in learning the trainer mockup
HO: There is no correlation between the psychomotor skills remarks and students’
performance rating in learning the trainer mockup.
Chapter 3
Methodology
This chapter introduces the methods that will be used to find the correlation ship
between psychomotor skills and student performance using the mockup.
Research Design
Research Instrument
Sampling Procedure
The data will be collected using a purposive sampling strategy in this research.
Purposive sampling, according to Arikunto (2010:183), is the practice of selecting
subjects based on a specific aim. A convenience sample is a non-probability sampling
method in which a sample is drawn from a group of people who are easily accessible
(Frey, 2018).
SCORING QUIDELINES
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HERE
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MECHANICAL DESIGN
HERE
PERSPECTIVE DESIGN
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
RIGHT SIDE VIEW
CHAPTER 4
Student Performance
Students’ performance rating refers to the student’s average rating from the
questionnaire. To answer the problem 2, the table was created.
Table 2 shows that the average rating (score from questionnaire) of the students
have mean of 80.51 which interpreted as very satisfactory. Result discloses that the
mockup of brake shoe and brake pad meets the students’ needs.
Data from the table further shows there is a correlationship between preferred
learners psychomotor skills and their performance rating of brake shoe and brake pad
mockup survey. The degree of freedom is 28, value of correlation coefficient R is 1 and
the critical value of R is 0.361. This means that the decision of null hypothesis at 0.05
level of significance was rejected and this data is significant. The researcher accept the
alternative hypothesis.
Chapter V
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, Recommendation
Summary of Findings
This study focused on the preferred psychomotor skill and performance rating by
the automotive students in using mockup of brake pad and brake shoe. Specifically, this
study is guided by the following objectives: Assess the preferred psychomotor skills of
automotive student in handling brake shoe and brake pads trainer mockup for sedan
cars in terms: perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response,
adaptation, origination. Determine the automotive learner’s performance rating in
learning the trainer mockup. Find the correlation ship between psychomotor skills
remarks and student’s performance rating in learning the trainer mockup.
The students' performance and preferred learning skills were described using
descriptive statistics. Frequency counts, percentages, and average weighted averages
were among the methods used. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient r
was used to determine the correlation between the two variables.
The level of Students’ Performance Rating in using for brake pad and brake shoe
mockup has a mean of 80.51, which is interpreted as very satisfactory.
The correlation analysis between psychomotor skills remarks and student performance
rating is significant, as the value of correlation coefficient R (1) above the calculated
critical value of R (0.361) at the 0.05 significance level. The alternative hypothesis was
accepted when the null hypothesis was rejected.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are drawn:
Recommendation
Based on the conclusion drawn from the findings of the study, the researcher
presents the following recommendations:
REFERENCE
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