Work sheet #2

Department Of Biomedical Engineering (AAiT)

MEng 2308 Engineering Thermodynamics
A.Y. 2015/16
PART-1

GIVE SHORT ANSWER

1. A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into the refrigerator so that it will cool.
Would you model the can of soft drink as a closed system or as an open system? Explain.
2. For a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, do the temperature and the pressure
have to be the same everywhere?
3. What is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure?
4. Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal energy at
20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the systems are
brought into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any heat transfer between
the two systems.
5. What is a quasi-equilibrium process? What is its importance in engineering

PART-II

WORKOUT

6. Freshwater and seawater flowing in parallel horizontal pipelines are connected to each
other by a double U-tube manometer, as shown in Fig. 1. Determine the pressure
difference between the two pipelines. Take the density of seawater at that location to be r
ƍ = 1035 kg/m3. Can the air column be ignored in the analysis?

Figure 1
7. When measuring small pressure differences with a manometer, often one arm of the
manometer is inclined to improve the accuracy of reading. (The pressure difference is
still proportional to the vertical distance and not the actual length of the fluid along the
tube.) The air pressure in a circular duct is to be measured using a manometer whose
open arm is inclined 35° from the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2. The density of the liquid
in the manometer is 0.81 kg/L, and the vertical distance between the fluid levels in the
two arms of the manometer is 8 cm. Determine the gage pressure of air in the duct and
the length of the fluid column in the inclined arm above the fluid level in the vertical
arm.
 Figure 2

8. Intravenous infusions are usually driven by gravity by hanging the fluid bottle at sufficient
height to counteract the blood pressure in the vein and to force the fluid into the body. The
higher the bottle is raised, the higher the flow rate of the fluid will be. (a) If it is observed
that the fluid and the blood pressures balance each other when the bottle is 1.2 m above
the arm level, determine the gage pressure of the blood. (b) If the gage pressure of the fluid
at the arm level needs to be 20 kPa for sufficient flow rate, determine how high the bottle
must be placed. Take the density of the fluid to be 1020 kg/m3.

Figure 3
9. A water pipe is connected to a double-U manometer as shown in Fig. 4 at a location
where the local atmospheric pressure is 14.2 psia. Determine the absolute pressure at the
center of the pipe.

Figure 4

10. A gasoline line is connected to a pressure gage through a double-U manometer, as

shown in Fig. 5. If the reading of the pressure gage is 370 kPa, determine the gage
pressure of the gasoline line.

Figure 5