Co – ordinate Geometry Elias Sir

Mathematics

Some Important Formula

(ii) Coordinate Geometry
1. On 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, 𝑦 = 0 and on 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑦1 −𝑦2
2. If 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), gradient of 𝐴𝐵, 𝑚 = 𝑜𝑟 .
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑥1 −𝑥2
3. If 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), length of 𝐴𝐵 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 + 𝑦1 )2 .
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1+𝑦2
4. If 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 = ( , ).
2 2
𝑦−𝑦1 𝑥−𝑥1
5. If 𝐴(𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) and 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), equation of 𝐴𝐵: =
𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑥2 −𝑥1
6. (i) When 𝑥 - coordinate of two points are equal : If 𝐴(𝑝, 𝑞) and 𝐵(𝑝, 𝑟), equation of 𝐴𝐵 ∶ 𝑥 = 𝑝.
(ii) When 𝑦 – coordinate of two points are equal: If 𝐴(𝑝, 𝑞) and 𝐵(𝑠, 𝑞), equation of 𝐴𝐵 ∶ 𝑦 = 𝑞.
7. The equation of a straight line with gradient 𝑚 and passing through the point (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) is 𝑦 − 𝑦1 =
𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ).
8. If 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑚 is the gradient of the line.
9. If the point (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) satisfy the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, the line passes through the point.
10. To find the coordinates of the intersecting point of the two lines, solve the two equation representing
the lines. The 𝑥 and 𝑦 value the coordinates of the intersecting point.
11. Coordinate of Origin is (0,0).
(iii) Distance – Time – Graph
1. speed = gradient of the distance time graph.
2. If speed is constant, distance-time graph becomes a straight line, otherwise curve line.
(iv) Speed-Time Graph
1. acceleration = gradient of speed-time graph.
2. distance travelled = area under graph
3. If acceleration is constant, speed-time graph becomes a straight line, otherwise curve line.
 (PAPER-1)
1. A is the point (−1, 0) and B is the point (2, 6).
Find
(a) the coordinates of the midpoint of AB. [1]
(b) the gradient of the line AB. [1]
(c) the equation of the line parallel to AB, 4.
through the point. (0, 4). [1]

2. A is the point (1, -2) and B is the point (7, 6).

Find
(a) the coordinates of the midpoint of AB. [1]
(b) the length of the line segment AB. [1]

3. The diagram below shows the graph of the straight

line
2x + y = 4
1
(a) Draw the line with equation y = x -3 on the
3
axes. [2]
(b) Solve the simultaneous equations.
y = -2x + 4 The diagram shows three point 𝐴(−2, 7), 𝐵 (−2, 2)
1 and C (6, −4).
y = x -3 [1] Find
3
(a) the length BC. [2]
(b) the area of triangle ABC. [2]
(c) the value of sin(ABC. [1]
J
5. The points A(-5,2 5) B (1, -3) and C (4, -3) are
shown is the diagram.
0
0
1
-
P
1
-
Q
1

[
(a) the coordinates Jof the midpoint of AC. [1]
(b) the gradient of the
2 line AB. [1]
(c) the equation of 0the line which passes
through (0, 3) and is0parallel to AB. [1]
(d) the length of AB, [1]
1
(e) the value of cosine
/ ABC. [1]
P
1
/
Q
1
3
6. In the diagram, A is the point (− 4, -1) and AC is
parallel to the 𝑥-axis.
PQRS is a parallelogram P is (-4, 0), Q is (1, 0) and
R is (9, 4).
(a) Find the coordinates of S. [1]
(b) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of PR. [1]
(c) Find the equation of the line RS. [1]
(d) Find the equation of the line QR. [2]
(e) Calculate the area of the parallelogram PQRS.
[2]

9. (a) P is the point (-3, 3) and Q is the point (13, -2).

(a) The equation of BC is y + 2x = 4
Find the x-coordinate of C. [1]
(b) The equation of AB is y = x + 3.
Write down the inequalities which describe the
region inside the triangle ABC. [2]
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of PQ. [1]
(b) The line x-3y – 2 is shown on the diagram.
The line x – 3y = 2 cuts the y-axis at
the point (0, −4).
(i) Draw the line x-3y = k on the diagram. [1]
(ii) Calculate the value of 𝑘. [1]

7. The diagram shows the graph of y = x2 + x – 12.

10. The diagram shows the points 𝐴 (1, 2), 𝐵 (4, 6)

and D (−5, 2).

(a) The graph cuts the y-axis at K (O, k).

Write down the value of k. [1]
(b) The graph cuts the x-axis at L (1, 0)
and M (m, 0).
Find the value of
(i) L [1]
(ii) M [1]
(a) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of AB. [1]
(b) Calculate the length of AB. [1]
8. Map (c) Calculate the gradient of the line AB. [1]
(d) Find the equation of the line AB. [2]
(e) The triangle ABC has line of symmetry x = 4.
Find the coordinates of C. [1]
(f) Find the value of cosine DAB. [1]
11. 14. (a) Find the coordinates of the point where the
live 2y = 3x+15 crosses the y-axis. [1]
(b) The coordinates of the points P and Q are (-1,
10) and (3, 4) respectively.
Find
(i) the gradient of PQ. [1]
(ii) the midpoint of PQ. [1]

15. A straight line passes through the points P(-8, 10)

and Q (4, 1).
Find
(a) the coordinate of the midpoint of PQ. [1]
(b) the equation of PQ. [2]
The triangle with vertices A (4, 4), B (−2, −6) and C
(4, −1) is shown in the diagram.
Find, 16. P is the point (-2, 1) and Q is the point (3, 7).
(a) (i) the are of ∆ABC. [1] (a) M is the midpoint of PQ.
(ii) the coordinate of the point P such that Find the coordinates of M. [1]
ABCP is a parallelogram. [1] (b) Find the gradient of the line PQ. [1]
(iii) the area of the parallelogram ABCP. [1] (c) The line with equation 2y+3x+k=0 passes
(b) It is given that the length of BC = K units. through the point P.
Write down cos BCA, giving your answer in terms of (i) Find k [2]
K. [1] (ii) Find the gradient of this line. [1]

1
12. (a) Given that 2y = 3, find x when y = 40 [1] 17. A is the point (0, 4) and B is the point (-6, 1).
2
1 1 (a) M is the midpoint of the line AB.
(b) The points, A (0, ) and B (2, 4 ) lie on the Find the coordinate of M. [1]
2 2
(b) Find the equation of the line AB. [2]
curve as shown in the diagram.
18. A line has equation 3u = 2-x
(a) Find the gradient of the line. [1]
(b) The line passes through the point (5, k)
Find the value of k. [1]

19. P is (-1, 3) and Q is (5, -1).

(a) Find the coordinate of the midpoint of PQ. [1]
(b) Find the gradient of the line PQ. [1]
(c) Given that the length of PQ=2 n units,
where n is an integer, find the value of n. [2]

20. P is (-4, 4) and Q is (3, -2)

M is the midpoint of PQ.
(a) Find the coordinate of M. [1]
(i) Calculate the gradient of the straight line AB. [1] (b) Find the gradient of the line PQ. [1]
(ii) Using the diagram, estimate the value of x at (c) Q is the midpoint of the line PQR.
which the gradient of the curve is equal to the (i) Find the coordinates of R. [2]
gradient of the straight line AB. [1] PM
(ii) Write down the value of [1]
MR
13. A straight line passes through the points P (1, 2)
and Q (5, -14).
Find
(a) the coordinates of the midpoint of PQ. [1]
(b) the gradient of PQ. [1]
(c) the equation of PQ. [2]
21. (a) The line 2y=6-3x meets the y- axis at A and A and B. [2]
the x-axis at B.
Write down 24. A is the point (0, 3), 𝐵 is the point (1, 5) and C is
(i) the coordinates of A and B, [2] the point (p, −1).
(ii) the gradient of the line. [1] (a) Find the equation of the line AB. [2]
(b) Another straight line cuts the x-axis at P(−4, 0) 3
(b) The gradient of the line BC is − 4.
and passes through Q(2, 18).
Find the value of p. [2]
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of 𝑃𝑄. [1]
25. The coordinates of P and M are (−3, 10) and
(0, 4).
22 P is the point (1, −3) and Q is the point (7, 2).
(a) Find the gradient of the line PM. [1]
(a) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of PQ. [1]
(b) Find the equation of the line PM. [1]
(b) Find the gradient of the line PQ. [1]
(c) M is the midpoint of PQ.
(c) The line, L, with equation 2𝑥 −5y =k,
Find the coordinates of Q. [2]
passes through the point Q.
(i) Find the value of k. [1]
26. P is the point (−3, 4), Q is the point (5, 1).
(ii) The line 𝑥 + Ay = 3 is parallel to L.
(a) 𝑀 is the midpoint of PQ.
Find the value of A. [1]
Find the coordinates of M. [1]
(b) Find the gradient of PQ. [1]
(c) R is the point (−6, 0), 0 is the point (0, 0).
23. The coordinates of the midpoint of the line AB
Which of the points, R or P, is closer to 0?
are (1, 2).
Show your working. [2]
The length of the line AB is 10 units.
(a) If the gradient of AB is 0,
find the coordinates of A and B. [1]
3
(b) If the gradient of 𝐴𝐵 is 4, find the coordinates of
 (PAPER-2)

1. (a) the points A and B are (−2, 1) and (6, −5) (d) The point C is (12, 2)
respectively Calculate. (i) Given that C is the midpoint of BM,
(i) the gradient of the line AB. [1] find the coordinates of M. [1]
(ii) the equation of the line through A and B. [2] (ii) Calculate AC. [1]
(b) The points C and D are (4, 5) and (p, q) (iii) The point D lies on the line AB.
respectively. The line CD is parallel to the y-axis.
(i) Write down, in terms of p and q, (a) Find the coordinates of D. [2]
the coordinates of the midpoint of CD. [1] (b) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 in terms of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 [1]
(ii) Given that the midpoint of CD is (7, 1),
find the coordinates of D. [2]
7. 𝐴 is point (8,7), 𝐵 is point (−2, 11) and 𝐶 is the
point (1, 7).
2. The points A, B and C are (9, 8), (12, 4)
and (4, −2) respectively.
(a) Find
(i) the gradient of the line through A and B. [1]
(ii) the equation of the line through C
which is parallel to AB. [2]
(b) Calculate the length of the line segment.
(i) AB [1]
(ii) BC [1]
(c) Show that AB is perpendicular to BC.
(d) Calculate the area of triangle ABC. [1]
(a) Calculate the area of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶. [2]
3. The points A and B are (5, 3) (b) Calculate the length of 𝐴𝐵. [2]
and (13, 9) respectively- (c) Calculate the perimeter of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶. [2]
(a) Find (d) Calculate 𝐵𝐴̂𝐶. [2]
(i) the midpoint of AB. [1]
(ii) the gradient of the line through A and B. [1] 8.
(iii) the length of the line AB. [1] 4𝑥−1 3𝑥+5
(a) Simplify 3 + 2 . [2]
(b) C is the point ( -8, 5).
4 (b)
the point D is such that DC   
3
(i) Find the coordinates of D. [2]
(ii) What type of quadrilateral is ABCD? [1]

4. (a) P is the point (2, 9) and Q is the point (4, 6).

Find
(i) the length of PQ [2]
(ii) the equation of the line PQ. [2]

5. The points P and Q are (4, 7) and (8, -3)

Find
(i) the midpoint of PQ. [1]
(ii) the length of PQ. [2]
(i) Find the gradient of line 𝐽. [1]
6. the point A is (0, 7), and the point B is (6, 9). (ii) Write down the equation of line 𝐾.
(a) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 as a column vector. [1] (iii) Draw a line, 𝐿, through (6, 1) such that the area
(b) Find the gradient of AB. [1] enclosed between 𝐽, 𝐾 and 𝐿 is 6 c𝑚2 . [1]
(c) The equation of the line AB is 𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 + 𝑄 = 0. (iv) Find the equation of line L. [2]
Find P and Q. [2] (v) The line 𝑁 is perpendicular to line 𝐽 at (2, 2).
Find the coordinates of the point where line (b) Calculate the value of cos 𝑆𝑄̂𝑅. [2]
𝑁 crosses the 𝑦-axis. [2] (c) A point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) is such that 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑅.
(i) Show that 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 13. [2]
9. (ii) 𝑃 is on the line 𝑦 = 7.
Find the coordinates of 𝑃. [1]

10. A is the point (−4, −1), B is the point (2, 2) and

⃗ 𝐶 = ( 4 ).
𝐵 −8
(a) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵. [1]
(b) Find the gradient of 𝐴𝐵. [1]
(c) Show that 𝐵𝐶 is perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵. [2]
(d) 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle.
Find the coordinates of point 𝐷. [2]
𝑄 is the point (−1, 2), 𝑅 is the point (3, 10) and 𝑆 (e) Calculate the perimeter of rectangle ABCD. [4]
is the point (−4, 2).
(a) Calculate the length of 𝑄𝑅. [2]
 Answer
Paper - 01
1
1. (a) (2 , 3) (b) 2 (c) 2𝑥 + 4
2. (a) (4,2) (b) 10 units
3. (b) 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = −2
4
4. (a) 10 units (b) 20 unit𝑠 2 (c) 5
1 4 4 3
5. (a) (− 2 , 1) (b) − 3 (c) − 3 𝑥 + 3 (d) 10 units (e) − 5
1
6. (a) 2 2 (b) 𝑦 > −1
7. (a) −12 (b) (i) −4 (ii) 3
1 1 1
8. (a) (4,4) (b) (2 2 , 2) (c) 4 (d) 2 𝑥 − 2 (e) 20 units 2
1
9. (a) (5, ) (b) (ii) 12
2
1 4 4 2 3
10. (a) (2 2 , 4) (b) 5 units (c) 3 (d) 𝑥 + 3 (e) (7,2) (f) − 5
3
3 5
11. (a) (i) 15 units 2 (ii) (10, 9) (iii) 30 units2 (iv) 5 (b) − 𝑘
12. (a) 4 (b) (i) 2 (ii) 1.2
13. (a) (3, −6) (b) −4 (c) −4𝑥 + 6
1
14. (a) (0, 7 ) (b) (i) −1.5 (ii) (1,7)
2
3
15. (a) (−2, 5.5) (b) − 4 𝑥 + 4
1 1 3
16. (a) (2 , 4) (b) 1 5 (c) (i) 4 (ii) − 2
1
17. (a) (−3, 2.5) (b) 2 𝑥 + 4
1
18. (a) − 3 (b) −1
2
19. (a) (2,1) (b) − 3 (c) 13
1 6 1
20. (a) (− 2 , 1) (b) − 7 (c) (i) (10, −8) (ii) 3
3
21. (a) (i) (0,3), (2,0) (ii) − 2 (b) (−1, 9)
1 5 5
22. a. (4, − 2) b. 6 c. i. 4 ii. − 2
23. a. 𝐴(−4,2), 𝐵(6,2) b. 𝐴(−3, −1), 𝐵(5,5)
24. a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 b. 9
25. (a) −2 (b) −2𝑥 + 4 (c) (3, −2)
26. a. (1, 52) b. − 38 c. Point 𝑃 is closer to 𝑂
Paper - 02

−3 3 1 4+𝑝 5+𝑞
1. (a) (i) 4
(ii) 4 𝑥 − 2 (b) (i) ( 2
, 2
) (i) 𝐷 𝑖𝑠 (10, −3)
4 4 10
2. (a) (i) − 3 (ii) − 3 𝑥 + 3
(b) (i) 5 units (ii) 10units (c) 𝐴𝐵 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶 (d) 25 units2
3
3. (a) (i) (9, 6) (ii) (iii) 10 units (b) (i) 𝐷 𝑖𝑠 (−12, 2) (ii) ABCD is a trapezium
4
3
4. (a) (i) 3.61 units (ii) − 2 𝑥 + 12
5. (i) (6,2) (ii) 10.8 units (3 sf)
1
6. (a) (62) (b) 3 (c) 𝑃 = −3, 𝑄 = 21 (d) (i) 𝑀 𝑖𝑠 (18, −5) (ii) 13 units (iii) (a) (12, 11) (b) 2 𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
7. (a) 14 (b) 10.8 (c) 22.8 (d) 21.8
17𝑥+13 1
8. a. 6 b. i. 2 ii. 𝑦 = 1 iii. Shown iv. 𝑦 = – 𝑥 + 7 v. (0,6)
2
9. (a) 27 (b) Constant speed (c) 0.08 or (d) 3 to 3.5 (e) 1500 (f) 27
25
1 1
10. a. (−1, 2) b. 2 c. Shown d. (0, −9) e. 31.30