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Quiz03 Solutions
Quiz03 Solutions
Quiz03 Solutions
Problem 1 (Example 1.10, page 21): A body is thrown upward and horizontally, as shown on the sketch. Its
initial velocity v0 has components vx0 and vy0. It moves under the influence of the constant vertical
acceleration of gravity –g. Find its trajectory y(x) – the dependence of its vertical coordinate y on the
horizontal coordinate x.
Solution
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥(0) + 𝑣𝑥0 𝑡 = 𝑣𝑥0 𝑡 (1)
𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑣𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 𝑣𝑥0 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑣⃗ = ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ 𝑔𝑡 2 𝑔𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑦(0) + 𝑣𝑦0 𝑡 − = 𝑣𝑦0 𝑡 − (2)
𝑣𝑦 (𝑡) = 𝑣𝑦0 − 𝑔𝑡 = 2 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Under the influence of the constant vertical acceleration of gravity the body moves along parabola,
as shown below:
y
v0
Problem 2 (Example 1.11, pages 21-22): Consider a body moving along the x axis with acceleration ax(t) =
a0 sin t. Compute its velocity vx(t) and coordinate x(t). It starts at the origin x0 = 0 with an initial velocity v0.
Solution
t t t
v x (t ) v0 a x (t )dt a 0 sin t dt a 0 sin t dt a 0 cos t 0 a 0 cos t a 0 cos 0 a 0 a 0 cos t
t
0 0 0
t t t t t t
x(t ) x0 v x (t )dt (a 0 a0 cos t )dt a0 dt a 0 cos t dt a0 dt a 0 cos t dt
0 0 0 0 0 0
The chart below depicts the curves of acceleration ax(t) – the thin solid curve, velocity vx(t) – the
dashed curve, and coordinate x(t) – the thick solid curve. The curves are shown in a0 units.
The acceleration is oscillating and changes within the limits from -a0 to a0.
The velocity is also oscillating, but changes within the limits from 0 to 2a0.
Interestingly, the coordinate is not only oscillating, but also linearly increasing. So, subject to an
oscillating acceleration, the particle oscillates and drifts in positive direction.
25
23
21
19
17
15
a(t)
13
11 v(t)
9 x(t)
7
5
3
1
-1
0 5 10 15 20 25
Problem 3 (Problem 1.22, page 44). The derivative of acceleration is known as “jerk.” Compute jerk for a
particle moving in a circle of constant radius r = const = R at constant angular velocity 𝜃̇ = const = ω.
Solution