Jason McNeill

Assignment 3

1. Somatosensory receptors sensations that the body and receptors

can touch or feel
2. Opioid drugs bind to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord,
and other areas of the body. They tell your brain you’re not in
pain.
Placebos may trigger the release of the body's own natural pain
relievers, the brain chemicals known as endorphins.
Cannabinoids regulate how cells communicate - how they send,
receive, or process messages.
When you put capsaicin on your skin, you help block pain
messages to your nerves
3. Taste refers to the stimulation of the taste buds, or receptors on
the tongue. This is different from flavor which is a combination of
taste and smell. Like neurons taste receptors have excitable
membranes and release neurotransmitters to excite neighboring
receptors. Which send signals to the brain. Olfaction is the sence
of smell we have.
4. Individual differences in the olfactory receptors are for starters,
gender plays a big correlation. Women detect smells stronger
than men and react faster.
5. Pheromones are chemicals released by an animal that affect the
behaviors of members in the same species, usually sexual.
Synesthesia is the experience of one sense In response to
stimulation of a different sense
6. The term "movement disorders" refers to a group of nervous
system (neurological) conditions that cause abnormal increased
 movements, which may be voluntary or involuntary. Movement
disorders can also cause reduced or slow movements.
7. Ballistic movement can be defined as muscle contractions that
exhibit maximum velocities and accelerations over a very short
period of time. They exhibit high firing rates, high force
production, and very brief contraction times
8. Central pattern generators are biological neural circuits that
produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input. They
are the source of the tightly-coupled patterns of neural activity
that drive rhythmic and stereotyped motor behaviors like walking,
swimming, breathing, or chewing
9. Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that
affects movement. Symptoms start gradually, sometimes starting
with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand.
Huntington's disease is a progressive brain disorder caused by a
single defective gene on chromosome 4 one of the 23 human
chromosomes that carry a person's entire genetic code.
10. The basal ganglia are thought to help to inhibit these types
of contradictory movements, allowing for a reaching movement
that's smooth and fluid. ... These thalamic neurons in turn project
to the motor cortex and can stimulate movement via these
connections.
11. The biological clock or Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles
that are part of the body's internal clock, running in the
background to carry out essential functions and processes. One of
the most important and well-known circadian rhythms is the
sleep-wake cycle
12. Circadian rhythm is an autoregulatory system and
commands almost every physiological, biological, and biochemical
functions of the mammalians. Therefore, biological clocks operate
rhythmically with a period for a day, and this phenomenon is
called as circadian rhythm.
13. The hypothalamus is the main structure for arousal and
sleep
14. Leptin is a hormone predominantly made by adipose cells
and enterocytes in the small intestine that helps to regulate
energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn diminishes fat
storage in adipocytes
15. Differences in sex for males and females is females have two
x chromosomes and have more amounts of estrogen and males
have the xy chromosomes and have more amount of testosrone
16. It can cause or strengthen labor contractions during
childbirth, and control bleeding after childbirth. It can also be
used to induce abortion.