The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution[Note 1] or the February Revolution,

[4][5][6][7] was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from
February 22–25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and
electoral fraud. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of Ferdinand Marcos, the end ofIt is also
referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during demonstrations (in
reference to the Tony Orlando and Dawn song "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree") following
the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.[8] in August 1983 upon his return to
the Philippines from exile. It was widely seen as a victory of the people against two decades of
presidential rule by President Marcos, and made news headlines as "the revolution that surprised thThe
majority of the demonstrations took place on a long stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, more
commonly known by its acronym EDSA, in Metro Manila from February 22–25, 1986. They involved over
two million Filipino civilians, as well as several political and military groups, and religious groups led by
Cardinal Jaime Sin, the Archbishop of Manila, along with Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines
President Cardinal Ricardo Vidal, the Archbishop of Cebu. The protests, fueled by the resistance and
opposition from years of governance by President Marcos and his cronies, culminated with the absolute
ruler and his family fleeing Malacañang Palace to exile in Hawaii. Ninoy Aquino's widow, Corazon
Aquino, was immediately installed as the eleventh President as a result of the revolution.[10]e world"
his 20-year presidential term and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines. resident
Ferdinand E. Marcos was elected president in 1965, defeating incumbent President Diosdado Macapagal
by a margin of 52 to 43 percent. During this time, Marcos was very active in the initiation of public works
projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they "built
more roads than all his predecessors combined and more schools than any previous administration".[14]
Amidst charges from the opposition party of vote-buying and a fraudulent election, President Marcos
was reelected in the 1969 Philippine presidential election, this time defeating Sergio Osmeña, Jr. by 61
to 39 percent.

President Marcos' second term for the presidency was marred by allegations by the opposition Liberal
Party of widespread graft and corruption. According to leftists who rioted during the First Quarter
Storm, the increasing disparity of wealth between the very wealthy and the very poor that made up the
majority of the Philippines' population led to a rise in crime and civil unrest around the country.

In March 1969, the New People's Army (NPA) was formed as the military wing of the Communist Party
of the Philippines, initiating the still-ongoing CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion. Marcos quickly denounced the
movement, hoping to gain monetary and political support from anti-Communist administrators in the
United States.[15]

In 1972 the Moro National Liberation Front, a militant Muslim separatist group, formed in the southern
island of Mindanao.[12]
Marcos Barred from running for a third term as president in 1973, Marcos announced Proclamation No.
1081 on September 23, 1972, declaring martial law with rising civil disobedience as a justification.
Through this decree and after obtaining voters consent through the plebiscite, President Marcos seized
emergency powers giving him full control of the Philippines' military and the authority to suppress and
abolish the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, and many other civil liberties. President
Marcos also dissolved the Philippine Congress and shut down media establishments critical of the
Marcos Administration.[16]soon used the rise of militant and civil unrest as justification for declaring
martial law. Edsa 2 The Second EDSA Revolution, also known as People Power Revolution II, EDSA
2001, and EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA Two or EDSA Dos), was a political protest from January 17–20,
2001 that peacefully overthrew the government of Joseph Estrada, the thirteenth President of the
Philippines.[2] Estrada resigned and was succeeded by his Vice President, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who
was sworn into office by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. at around noon on January 20, 2001,
several hours before Estrada fled Malacañang Palace. EDSA is an acronym derived from Epifanio de los
Santos Avenue, the major thoroughfare connecting five cities in Metro Manila, namely Pasay, Makati,
Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Caloocan, with the revolution's epicenter at the EDSA Shrine church at
the northern tip of Ortigas Center, a business district The May 1 riots,[2] or EDSA III (pronounced as
EDSA Three or EDSA Tres, the Spanish word for "three"), were protests sparked by the arrest of newly
deposed president Joseph Estrada of the Philippines from April 25–May 1, 2001. The protest was held
for seven days in a major highway in Metropolitan Manila, the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA),
which eventually culminated in an attempt to storm Malacañang. Taking place four months after the
EDSA Revolution of 2001, the protests were considered as a more populist and representative uprising
in comparison to the previous demonstrations in the same location in January 2001. The protests and
the attack on the presidential palace, however, failed in their objectives. Participants continue to claim
that it was a genuine People Power event, a claim disputed by the participants and supporters of EDSA
II. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo has acknowledged the divisive nature of the two terminologies by
saying in one statement that she hoped to be the president of "EDSA II and EDSA III".