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Production Lab Ex 1
Production Lab Ex 1
1
OBJECT- study of various measuring tools like dial gauge,
and telescopic gauges. micrometer, vemier caliper
1(a)
VERNIER CALIPER:
THEORY
INTRODUCTION:- the vernier instruments generally used in workshop and engineering
metrology have comparatively low accuracy. The line of measurements of
such instruments
does not coincide with the line of scale.
PRINCIPLE:- the principle of vernier is that when two scales or division slightly difference
in size are used, the difference between them be utilized
can to enhance the accuracy of
measurement.
1/50
0.02mm
PROCEDURE:-
.Note the number of millimetres and halfmillimetres on the main scale that are coincides
with zero on the vernier scale.
Find the graduation on the vemier scale that coincides with a graduations on the main
scale. This figure (digit) must be multiplied by 0.02 to give the reading in mm.
Obtain the total reading by adding the main scale reading to the venier scale reading.
OBSERVATION TABLE
CALCULATION:-
The number of graduations that coincides with graduations on the main scale = 5th
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Vernier
scale
PRECAUTIONS:
While measuring an outside diameter be sure that the caliper bar and the plane of the
caliper jaws are truly perpendicular to the workpiece's longitudinal centre line.
Before reading the vernier caliper, try the calipers again for feel and location.
Don't use the vernier caliper as a wrench or hammer. It should be set down gently.
******
1(b)
MICROMETER:
THEORY:- micrometers are designed on the principle of "screw and nut.
Description of a micrometer-
a 0-25mm micrometer which is used for quick, accurate measurem ents to the two thousands
of a millimetre. It consists of the following parts:
1 Frame
2. Anvil
3. Spindle
4 Thimble
5. Ratchet
6. Locknut
0 5 10
LHuLlLluuE 45
THTTTRE
40
FRAME
0-25 x0.01mm
By VRyan
The screw is attached to a spindle and is turned by movement of a thimble or ratchet at the
end. The barrel which is attached to the frame acts as a nut to engage the screw threads.
pitch
Least count of micrometer=
Number of division on the circular scale
=0.5/50 = 0.01mm
PROCEDURE
spindle face.
between the anvil face and
the object
first mount of ratchet then lock
the scale by
lock nut.
mm visible
To read the metric there is a half
then observe whether
on the barrel
major divisions for hundreds. Thee
,
OBSERVATION TABLE:
LEAST
TOTAL SCALE
VERNIER SCALE
MAIN SCALE READING
SR. READING
COUNT
NO. READING 11.95mm
20mm
0.01mm
8mm
11.48mmn
48mm 0.01mm
7mm
0.01mm 11.35mmm
8mm 20mm
CALCULATION:
*1.00mm 8.00mm
8
=
Major divisions=
7.5 *0.5Omm =3.75mm
Minor divisions=
20 *0.0lmm = 0.20mm
Thimble divisions
=
11.95mm
Total reading
zero error.
zero mark of the circular scale coincides with the zero mark on the base line of
the main scale, the instrument is said to be free from zero error. Otherwise
an
PRECAUTIONS
Micrometer should be cleaned of any dust and spindle should move freely.
T h e part whose dimensions is to be measured must be held in left hand
and the
micrometer in right hand.
1(c)
DIAL GAUGE:
THEORY:- dial gauges are designed on the principle of "rack and pinion gear system
ROTATAE
FRANSAARENT BERE
'ST PRO DAL COR
PwTER
kVLUTHN
CANTER STEM
PLUNER
REHOVAB
CGTAÇT PONT
PRINCIPLE:- the principle of operation is based on the system of "rack and pinion" gear.
Where it can be seen that the plunger is attached to rack. Meshing with gear wheel, the
straight or linear motion of the rack is converted into an angular or turning motion, the
movement being magnified by using a large gear in mesh with a small gear wheel.
(6
FRONT
indic aor dial
gears
BORE GAUGE
qnon
BC5d224
pitch
Least count of dial gauge =
=
1/100 =
0.01 mm
PROCEDURE:-
Select the gauge type, size, attachment and bracket, which fit the part you're
measuring. Mount the dial indicator on a firm surface to keep still.
Adjust the indicator is at 90" to the part you're measuring.
Press the dial indicator gently against the part, keep pressing until the plunger settles
about halfway into the indicator.
Lock the indicator assembly into position.
OBSERVATION TABLE:-
SR. COMPLETE REV. CIRCULAR SCALE LEAST TOTAL SCALE
NO. READING READING COUNT READINGG
20mm 0.01mm 2.20mm
2 48mm 0.01mm 3.48mm
-
Total reading
2.20mm
*********************k***
1(d)
TELESCOPIC GAUGE
"nut and screw'".
principle of
gauges are designed on the
THEORY:- telescopic
gauge:-
Description of a telescopic diameter of a
measurement of internal
is shown in figure is used for the into
The telescopic gauge handle and two plungers. One telescopic
operation. It consists of a contacts. The plunger
hole during machining the plungers have spherical
tension. Ends of the
other and both under spring handle. To measure
reesn d a
LiMIT
PRECAUTIONS
dust and spindle should move freely.
Gauge should be cleaned of any to the
shall be made perpendicular
In measurement, the measuring direction
centre line of the measuring probe.
irreparable damage to the
the tools as this can lead to
Please avoid dropping
tools coated with a light film of oil to prevent
precision instruments. The
are