L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Code: EEE304

Semester: VII

Power System Protection Techniques

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course enables the learners to

 Familiarize the theory and working of protective relays and protection schemes for the
power system components and equipment
 Acquire an insight into the operation of circuit breakers, arcing phenomena and its
consequences during the operation of circuit breakers

UNIT – I 10 Periods
Protective Relays
Characteristic functions of protective relays - Basic relay elements and relay terminology -
Electromagnetic attraction and induction type relays - Induction type non-directional over
current relay - Induction type directional over current relay / Earth fault relay - Universal torque
equations - Instantaneous and time over current relay - Current differential relay - Percentage
differential relay - Voltage balance differential relay -Translay relay.

UNIT – II 12 Periods
Power Apparatus protection
Generator protection: Short circuit protection of stator windings - Protection against inter-turn
faults - Field ground fault protection - Protection against loss of excitation, loss of prime mover
and unbalanced operations - Numerical Problems.
Transformer protection: Factors influencing differential protection - Percentage bias differential
protection - Percentage differential relay with harmonic restraint.

UNIT – III 12 Periods

Transmission line protection
Feeder protection -Time graded and current graded protection – protection of radial feeder-
parallel feeder- ring main system - Distance relays: Impedance relay - Mho relay - Reactance
relay - Three stepped distance protection - Carrier current protection scheme.

UNIT – IV 11 Periods
Circuit breakers
Theory and method of arc quenching - Circuit interruption in AC circuit breakers - Restriking
voltage - Recovery voltage - Current chopping - Capacitive current breaking - Resistance
switching - Circuit breaker ratings - Construction & operation of circuit breakers: Oil circuit
breakers - Minimum oil circuit breakers - Air blast circuit breakers - SF6 circuit breakers -
Vacuum circuit breakers - Characteristics of fuse wires and HRC fuses.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Sunil S. Rao. Switchgear Protection and Power Systems, 11th Edition, Khanna
Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.
2. Soni, M.L. Gupta, P.V. and U.S. Bhatnagar. Elements of Power Systems, 4th Edition,
Dhanpat Rai Sons, 1989.
3. Russell Mason, C. Art and science of protective relaying, 1st Edition, John Wiley and
Sons, New York,1956.

REFERENCES
1. Paithankar, Y.G. and S.R. Bhide. Fundamentals of Power System Protection, 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2010.
2. Lewis Blackburn, J. Thomas J. Domin. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications,
3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2006.
3. Wadhwa, C.L. Electric Power Systems, 4th Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd.,
2005.
4. Badri Ram and D.N. Viswakarma. Power System Protection and Switchgear, 2nd Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.

ONLINE MATERIALS
1. NPTEL –https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101039/.

UNIT - WISE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of each unit, the learner will be able to:

Unit – I  Differentiate the operating principles and construction of electromagnetic relays,

induction type relays and differential relay.
Unit – II  Design the protective schemes against faults for synchronous generator and
transformer using differential protective schemes.
Unit – III  Compare the performance of different types of distance relays
 Describe the carrier aided differential protective scheme for transmission lines.
Unit – IV  Analyze arcing phenomenon in a circuit breaker
 Describe construction and operation of circuit breaker based on dielectric medium.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this course, the learners will be able to:

 Describe the working principle and operation of protective relays and justify their usage
under various fault conditions in power systems
 Design the protective schemes for synchronous generator and transformer
 Analyze the performance of distance relays for the protection of transmission lines
 Describe the arcing phenomena, operation and application of different type of circuit
breakers