CATIONIC AND AMPHOTERIC

SURFACTANTS
 Cationic Surfactant
+ a) Straight Chain Alkyl Ammonium
CH3 Compounds
|
-
R - N - CH3 X R = C18H37 , C12H25 X = Cl
|
CH3

b)Cyclical Alkyl
Ammonium Compounds
2
 Cationics from alkylation of tertiary amines

10 amine +methyl chloride quaternary amine

RNH2+3CH3CI +2NaOH→[RN(CH3)3]+CI-+ 2NaCI+2H2O

20 amine +methyl chloride → dimethyl dialkyl quaternary ammonium chloride

R2NH+2CH3CI +NaOH→[R2N(CH3)2]+CI-+ NaCI+H2O

30 amine +methyl chloride → quaternary amine

R2NCH3+CH3CI → [R2N(CH3)2]+CI-

30 amine +methyl chloride → quaternary amine

RN(CH3) 2+CH3CI → [RN(CH3)3]+CI-
Ethoxylated amine +methyl chloride → quaternised ethoxylated amine
RNH(CH2CH20)nH +CH3CI → [RNH(CH2CH20)nH CH3]+CI-
 30 amine + dimethyl sulphate → quaternary amine
RN(CH3) 2+ (CH3)2SO4 → [RN(CH3)3]+CH3SO4-

30 amine +Benzyl chloride → quaternary amine Benzyldodecyldimethyl

RN(CH3) 2+ C6H5CH2CI → [RN(CH3)2CH2C6H5]+CI- ammonium, or
“benzalkonium” chloride (III)

Preparation of a quaternized esteramine

N-methyl-N,N-di[2-(C16_Isacyloxy)-ethyl]-N-(2-
hydroxyethyl) ammonium methosulphate (VIII)
 Reaction between alkyl halide and trimethylamine

Melting Point of Fatty Amines from Hydrogenated Tallow Acids

 Morpholinium salts
Cyclic Cationic Surfactants

N-Alkylpyridinium salts

2-alkyl imidazoline
∕
Polyamines Used In 2-alkyl imidazoline synthesis
a) AEEA (amino ethyl ethanol
amine)
H2N–CH2 –CH2–NH–CH2 -CH2OH

b) Diethylene triamine (DETA)

NH2 -CH2 -CH2 –NH-CH2 -CH2-NH2
Amido Amine

c) Triethylene tetramine (TETA)

NH2 -CH2 -CH2 –NH-CH2-CH2–NH-CH2-
CH2 - NH2

2-alkyl imidazoline
 Solubility Behavior of Palmitic Acid
Derivatives in Various Solvents

Cyclization to the imidazoline

a:Temperature at which 10% solution became clear.

Applications of Cationic Surfactants
• Fabric Softener,
• Organomodified clays for addition to drilling
muds for improving lubricity and rheology of
the systems, thixotropic agents in paints
• Antimicrobial agents
• Hair Conditioners
• Cationic emulsifiers in producing water based
asphalt emulsions