Abstract

A Universal Testing Machine is an electric machine used in engineering where the main
mechanical properties of a given specimen of a construction material are being tested. In UTM,
we test the mechanical properties like tension, compression, the bending capacity and some other
related properties of the materials. When using the Universal Testing Machine, certain conditions
should be observed first to ensure the safety of the operator. The universal testing machine pulls,
compresses, bends or stretches materials until they break. It also identifies possible
solutions/replacements to vulnerable raw materials that are involved in the production that uses
such materials.

OBJECTIVE

1. To familiarize on the different parts and operation of the Universal Testing Machine.

This study source was downloaded by 100000837394437 from CourseHero.com on 02-01-2022 06:12:11 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/95442081/EXP1-CHpdf/
 INTRODUCTION

A Universal Testing Machine is an electric machine used in engineering where the main
mechanical properties of a given specimen of a construction material are being tested. In UTM,
we test the mechanical properties like tension, compression, the bending capacity and some other
related properties of the materials.

Universal Testing Machines have existed in various forms since the 1800’s. One of the
original applications was for testing the strength of steel used in steam power boilers. These boilers
would encapsulate large amounts of steam pressure, and explosions were both catastrophic and
fairly common. While many versions of testing systems were developed from 1850-1880, the
design was not standardized, and most manufacturing companies were tasked with building their
own tester. According to the Tinius Olsen company, the first material testing system to unite both
compression and tensile testing was the “Little Giant” which was developed by the Norwegian
expat Olsen.

The usual process of the UTM is pulling, compressing, bending or stretching materials
until they break. Materials could be metal or non-metal. These different tests determine the quality
of the material as well as how suitable it is for a particular use. The universal testing machine is
used primarily by laboratories that manufacture or mold various plastics.

There are variety of terms in the industry that are used to call the UTM. Most common
terms are “tensile tester”, “compression tester” and “bend tester”. While some in the industry call
it as the “materials testing machine” or “materials test frame”, but one common term there is for
the UTM is the “Universal Tester”.

This study source was downloaded by 100000837394437 from CourseHero.com on 02-01-2022 06:12:11 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/95442081/EXP1-CHpdf/
 The UTM machine has different parts, and those parts have different functions. The
Universal Testing Machine has two major parts: the Host Machine and the Machine Controller.
The host machine is cylinder-underneath, a hydraulic loading, and hydraulic clamping specimen.
This machine operates or functions easily and it reads correctly. The host machine represents
where the exact section the test should be conducted. For the tensile strength test, it should be
conducted at the tension section using two-flat/round grip plate, upper and lower clamp. The
tension section is in the upper part of the host machine. The compressive and flexural strength test
should be conducted at the compression and flexural section, the lower part of the host machine.
For the compressive and flexural test, we use the upper and lower plate, wheel load and bending
platform.

This study source was downloaded by 100000837394437 from CourseHero.com on 02-01-2022 06:12:11 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/95442081/EXP1-CHpdf/
 METHOD/PROCEDURE

When using the Universal Testing Machine, certain conditions should be observed first to
ensure the safety of the operator. First, room temperature should be at least 10ºC to 35ºC. Second,
the relative humidity should not be more than 80%. Third, there should be no quaky or vibration
condition. Fourth, there should be no caustic medium around. Fifth, the level installation should
be on steady base, and the level degree should not be more than 0.2/1000. Sixth, the power supply
should be 3-Phase 220V, 50/60Hz, 2.5KW.

This study source was downloaded by 100000837394437 from CourseHero.com on 02-01-2022 06:12:11 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/95442081/EXP1-CHpdf/
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The universal testing machine pulls, compresses, bends or stretches materials until they
break. These tests determine the quality of the material as well as how suitable it is for a particular
use. [3]

The most common test performed by a universal testing machine is a test of tensile strength.
One end of a sample is held in place while the other end is pulled away until they two sides are
torn apart. Flexural strength is tested in a similar fashion, but the machine pushes on one end of
the sample instead of pulling on it. Again, the test stops when the sample breaks, though some
materials are flexible enough that they will bend, rather than breaking, giving no final results. [3]

Shear tests and compression tests are less common, though they are still used for a variety
of materials. In a compression test, a sample is pressed between two plates until it breaks or loses
its form. This test is often used to measure the strength of plastic foams and to find out how easily
plastic bottles lose their shape. In the shear test, a metal blade is pushed into the sample at a
constant rate until it shears off a piece of the sample. This test is measured in terms of force/area
sheared. [3]

This study source was downloaded by 100000837394437 from CourseHero.com on 02-01-2022 06:12:11 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/95442081/EXP1-CHpdf/
 CONCLUSIONS

The Universal Testing Machine is a machine used to test materials to see if they are suitable
for production of certain products. The UTM is also used to characterize different materials
according to its strength. It also identifies possible solutions/replacements to vulnerable raw
materials that are involved in the production that uses such materials. The UTM can also cut
production costs by testing materials that are cheaper but more useful and functional for
production.

This study source was downloaded by 100000837394437 from CourseHero.com on 02-01-2022 06:12:11 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/95442081/EXP1-CHpdf/
 REFERENCES

“Introduction to the Universal Testing Machine.” universalgripcompany. Accessed May 30,

2021. https://www.universalgripco.com/utm-introduction.

“03 - (UTM) Universal Testing Machine ; Parts & Uses.” YouTube. YouTube, August 28, 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nam1dYLNSd4.

Fox, C.B. What is a Universal Testing Machine? (with picture). Accessed May 30, 2021.
https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-a-universal-testing-machine.htm.

This study source was downloaded by 100000837394437 from CourseHero.com on 02-01-2022 06:12:11 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/95442081/EXP1-CHpdf/
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)