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Quarter 2 - MELC 13-16 Week 3: General Physics 1 Activity Sheet
Quarter 2 - MELC 13-16 Week 3: General Physics 1 Activity Sheet
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General Physics 1
Activity Sheet No. 6- Universal Law of Gravitation and Simple Harmonic Motion
First Edition, 2020
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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Physics 1!
The General Physics 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent
learning.
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• For circular orbits, relate Kepler’s third law of planetary motion to Newton’s
law of gravitation and centripetal acceleration. (STEM_GP12G-IIc22)
• Calculate the period and the frequency of spring mass, simple pendulum, and
physical pendulum (STEM_GP12PMIIc-27)
You may have heard the legend that Newton was struck on the head by a falling
apple while napping under a tree. This alleged incident supposedly prompted him
to imagine that perhaps all objects in the universe were attracted to each other in
the same way the apple was attracted to the Earth. Newton analyzed astronomical
data on the motion of the Moon around the Earth. From that analysis, he made
the bold assertion that the force law governing the motion on the planets was the
same as the force law that attracted a falling apple to the Earth.
Activity 1
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion (Law of Periods): If the radius of a
planet’s orbit about the sun is cubed and then divided by the square of the planet’s
period, the same constant k is always obtained.
𝒓𝟑
Mathematically, k = 𝟐
𝑻
The force that causes the planets to revolve around the sun has to conform
to the equation for circular motion,
𝒎𝒗𝟐 𝒎 (𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒓)
Fc = mac = = where: ac = centripetal acceleration
𝒓 𝑻𝟐
𝒓𝟑
But Newton believed that the ratio 𝑻𝟐
had to be the result of the force keeping
the planets in their orbits.
𝒎𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒓 𝒓𝟑
Fc = 𝑻𝟐
but T2 = 𝒌
(Law of Periods)
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𝒎𝟒 𝝅𝟐 𝒓 𝒎𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒌
Fc = 𝒓𝟑
= 𝒓𝟐
𝒌
𝒎𝑲
If 4𝝅𝟐 𝒌 may be considered as a single factor and a constant K, then Fc =
𝒓𝟐
Newton further assumed that the gravitational attraction between the sun and
a planet acts in the same way between any two objects.
𝑚1 𝑚2
F∝ 𝑟2
𝑚 𝑚
F= K 𝑟1 2 2 replacing K with G
𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
FG = G where G = Gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10–11Nm2/kg2
𝒓𝟐
𝟒𝝅𝟐
a = – 4𝝅𝟐 𝒇𝟐 𝒙 but f = 1/T then, a = − 𝑻𝟐 x
where the minus sign indicates that x and a are in opposite direction
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Sample Problem:
1. Two objects are 2.5 m apart. One of the objects has a mass of 45 kg while
the other has a mass of 55 kg. Find the gravitational force between them.
Given:
r = 2.5 m
m1 = 45 kg
m2 = 55 kg
Solution:
𝑚1 𝑚2
FG = G 𝑟2
(45 𝑘𝑔)(55 𝑘𝑔)
= 6.67 x 10–11Nm2/kg2 (2.5 𝑚)2
= 2.6 x 10–8 N
Given:
elapsed time = 3 s
vibrations made = 12
Solution:
𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 3𝑠
T= 𝑣𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒
= 12
= ¼ s or 0.25s
1 1
f= 𝑇
= 1 = 4 Hz
𝑠
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Given:
elapsed time = 246 s
vibrations made = 100
l = 1.5 m
Solution:
246 𝑠 𝑙
T= 100
= 2.46 s but T = 2 √𝑔 squaring both sides
T2 = 4 2 l/g
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4 𝜋2 4 𝜋2
g= 𝑇2
l= (2.46 𝑠)2
𝑥 1.50 𝑚 = 9.79 m/s2
Given:
I = 100 kg.m2
m = 10 kg
h = 20 cm = 0.20 m
Solution:
:𝐼 100 𝑘𝑔.𝑚2
T = 2 √𝑚𝑔ℎ = 2 √(10 𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚/𝑠2 )(0.20 𝑚) = 14.1 s
1 1
f= 𝑇
= 14.1 𝑠
= 0.07 Hz
Given:
m = 2 kg
r = 25 cm = 0.25 m
T=3s
Solution:
1
(a) f = 1/T = 1/3s = 3
Hz = 0.33Hz
1. Two locomotives are 150 meters apart each having a mass of 4.0 x 10 5 kg.
Find the gravitational force that exist between them.
2. Two ships, 35 m apart, are docked next to each other. One ship weighs
1.9 x 108 N while the other weighs 9.7 x 107 N. What gravitational force exist
between them?
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4. What must be the separation be between a 5.2 kg particle and a 2.4 kg particle
for their gravitational attraction to have a magnitude of 2.3 x 1012 N?
8. A girl sitting on a swing. Another girl sits by her side. What will be the effect
on the periodic time of the swing?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. If a pendulum clock is taken to the mountain top, does it lose or gain time,
assuming it is correct at a lower elevation?
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___________________________________________________________________________
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IV. Reflection
I understand_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
V. Answer Key
(2𝑠)2 𝑻𝟐
(0.05 𝑚) = 0.05 2 m/s2 toward center of path
x=– ax = −
4𝜋2 𝟒𝝅𝟐
10. amax = − 𝑻𝟐 r = – (2𝑠)2 (0.15 𝑚) = 0.15 2 m/s2 toward center of path
𝟒𝝅𝟐 4𝜋2
𝑻 2𝑠
vx = √𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 = √(0.15 𝑚)2 − (0.05 𝑚)2 = 0.440 m/s
𝟐𝝅 2𝜋
𝑻 2𝑠
9. vmax = √𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 = √(0.15 𝑚)2 − 0 = 0.471 m/s
𝟐𝝅 2𝜋
8. f = 1/T = 0.5 Hz
𝑎
then T = 1.26 s 7. T2 = –
4𝜋2 𝑥
f = 1/T = 1.5 Hz
6. T = elapsed time/ vibrations made = 0.67 s
𝒓𝟐
5. F = G = 685.94 N
𝟏 𝟐 𝒎 𝒎
𝑭
then r = 19 m 4. r2 = 𝐺
𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
r2 r2
mearth = 6.0 x 1024kg , then g = G 3. F = mg = G
mearth m1 m2
𝒓𝟐
= 10.45 N 2. F = G
𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑟2
= 4.74 x 10–4N 1. F = G
𝑚2
Activity 1
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College Physics: Schaum’s Outline Series (1971), McGraw-Hill
Publications, Inc.
Physics, 4th Year by Apolinar I. Guevarra, Jr. (2000), St. Asgustin
gravitation
https://www.britannica.com/video/152179/Isaac-Newton-formulation-law-
planetary-motion
https://www.britannica.com/story/understanding-keplers-laws-of-
VI. References
Activity 2
1. Law of Orbits, Law of Areas, Law of Periods
2. The force of attraction between any two bodies in the universe is
directly proportional with the square of yhe distance between them.
3. 6.67 x 10–11Nm2/kg2
4. Gravitation is a force that is present in all objects in this universe. This
force exerts on each and every object irrespective of its size, and shape.
Whether it is a subatomic particle, or a cluster of galaxies, the universal
law of gravitation applies on every particle.
5. Inversely Proportional. The closer the objects, the greater the attraction.
6. Time period increases as effective value of acceleration due to gravity
decreases.
7. Yes, when a ball is dropped from a height on a perfectly elastic surface,
the motion of the ball is oscillatory but not simple harmonic.
8. No effect, as periodic time is independent of mass.
9. The period of a simple pendulum is inversely proportional to the square
root of g. At the mountain top, the value of g decreases. Hence, the
value of T increases i.e. pendulum will take longer time to complete one
vibration. This shows that the pendulum clock will become slow. Hence,
the pendulum clock will lose time at the mountain top.
10.Damped oscillation is one in which the amplitude gradually decrease
with time and finally come to stop or zero
Reflection (answer varies)
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