INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICS TEACHERS

National Graduate Physics Examination 2021

Day and Date of Examination: Sunday, January24, 2021
Time: 10 AM to 1 PM
Solutions of part A
 
1. The electric field is E  r    r (given) At the temperature of inversion
2a 2a
Thereby  b  0  Ti 

 
 RTi Rb
   j   k  . ix  jy  kz   3
. E   i
x y z The critical temperature of a Vander Waal
   gas is the temperature above which the gas
Now using Gauss’s law . E     3 0
0
cannot be liquefied how high the pressure
may be. The critical temperature is given by
Ans: c
8a
Tc  Vander Waal equation for n moles
2. The gravitational potential energy of mass 27 Rb
m at a height ‘h’ above earth surface is is  P  2  V  nb   nRT
2
na

mgh
R
. On the earth surface  V 
Rh Ans: a, b & c
R
where h  0 PE  mg 0 i

 i    
i
R 
1   e 2    cos  i sin    i 
i
4. e 2
h    2 2
R mgR 
at height h  R the PE  mgR  
RR 2  e1.57  0.20
further the value of e 2

Hence change in PE on falling from height which is real and non-zero.

Ans:a, d
‘h’ to earth surface is    mgR
mgR
 0 
 2  2
5. Bending Moment of a loaded cantilever is
During the free fall, the gain in Y Ig 1 d2y
1 mgR  Mg (  x) using  2 and
KE  los sin PE So mv 
2
v gR R R dx
2 2
solving the depression is expressed as
Ans: c
Mg 3

3.Boyle temperature of a Vander Waal gas is 3YI g
the temperature at which the gas obeys Further at any moment if the depression of
ideal gas equation. Vander Waal equation free end is y in addition to  then
for one mole of a real gas is
3YI g 3YI
 P  a  V  b   RT or PV  Pb  a  ab  RT Mg  F  3   y  Or F   3 g y
   
 V  2
V V
2

which may give that

Using PV  RT (ideal gas equation) and
neglecting small term involving a  b , we
d2y 3YI g
get Pb 
a a
or PV  there by  y This is SHM with
dt 2
M 3
V b
a 2 M 3 using now bd 3
RTB  Hence the Boyle temperature T  2 I g 
b 3YI g 3YI g 12
a M 3
TB  The temperature of inversion is the
Rb
4M 3 4  2 1
3

temperature at which Joule-Thomson T  2  2

Ybd 3  
2 4 3
2  10  3  10  2  10
11
T 
Coefficient   vanishes. We know that
 P  H 103 500
 T  2  2  81sec
 T  1  2a  23 3
    b
 P  H CP  RT  Ans: a

1
6. If the reading of the galvanometer does 10. For an ideal gas under isothermal
not change on closing S, the bridge is conditions PV = constant. Differentiating
balanced then no currant flows through 1  dV  1
switch S therefore I G  I 2 also IG  I 2  I s PdV  VdP  0     
V  dP T P
Ans: b, d 
In an adiabatic process PV  cons tan t
7. For fcc a  4r or
2
differentiating
1  dV  1
4  0.12nm  1 
P V dV  V dP  0     
a  0.33946 nm V  dP  S  P
2
Ans: b & d
 0.33946 106 mm
11. Miller Indices of triclinic crystal. The
b
(100) plane
intercepts on three axes are a, , 3c .
2
Dividing by primitive vectors we get
a b 1 3c
The area of 100  plane = a having a total
2
 1, /b and  3 .Therefore
a 2 2 c
of 2 atoms
2 the reciprocals being
In area a there are 2 atoms
1 1 1 1
 In 1 sq mm, there are 22 atoms  1,  2 and  . Multiplying
a 1 1/ 2 3 3
2
throughout by 3 we get 3, 6, 1 hence the
  17.356  10 atom Miller Indices of the plane are  361
12

 0.33946  10  6 2

Ans: c
Ans: c
12. The life time of the muon when moving
lc 5m 8 6

8. tc  , tc   1.67  10 sec
with v  .998c is  
2.2  10
 34.80  s
3  10 m / c
8
c
 0.998 
2 2

1.5  10 m 
2 c

2

2 6
1
lc    
2

, c
 lc 5m Thus in 34.80  s with speed 0.998c, the
   4.5  10
13
m muon can travel a maximum distance
6
x  0.998c  3  10  34.80  10  10.42 Km
8
Ans: c
     
d r   dr
dr Muons travelling with this speed can reach
9. r  r r   r r earth surface. Of course they can reach
dt dt dt
  earth if travel faster than this.
d The apparent thickness of the atmosphere in
If r is constant, then r  0 Then
dt 2
 
dr  the frame of muons is     1  v 2
 r er d means that the first time c
dt
derivative is perpendicular to the vector.  0.998  2
c
2

 or   10.4 1  2
 0.66 km Thus
As in circular motion with r constant the c
  0.66 km and not 0.96 km
velocity is along tangent. However if the
Ans: c, d
direction is also constant it will not be so.
Further if direction is constant i,e fixed
   13. From the theory of relativity, the energy
dr dr d r 
then  0 Then  r means of a particle is E  p 2 c 2  m02 c 4 which
dt dt dt
  turns to E  pc if the rest mass m0  0 .
dr
/ / r As motion in a straight line. Only photon can run with speed of light
dt
and has zero rest mass
Ans: a & c

2
Ans: b,c &d dE  V
14. Diffraction takes place only when the size is J d   0  cos t further
dt d
of obstacle is of the order of the wave
  R 2V
length. In Fresnel diffraction experiments,
distances need not be too large (infinitely),  B.dl   I d  d
cos t or
rather can be comparable to the wave -   R V
2

length of light. Also, there must be B cos t which may not be

coherence in the source. 2 Rd
Ans :a,c& d the same everywhere between the plates.
Now the Pointing vector between the
 
15. A charge particle entering a perpendicular  E  B
Plates S  So the average value
magnetic field goes along a circular path, 
the necessary centripetal force being
E sin t  B0 cos t
mv
2
mv  S  0 0
 qvB  radius R  
R qB 
c Also curl B in question is calculated as
B B    V
CA and CB are   B  0 J d  cos t Independent
2
Perpendicular on d
C of r. The lines of B must be circular
Respective
tangents. Ans: a, b& d
900 A
0 17. The nuclear reaction    n  0  K 
45
conserves Isospin, Strangeness and
Further both CA & CB are the two radii Baryon number and is carried through
 strong interaction.
hence equal so angle ACB = 90 
0
this Ans: a, b, c & d
Hence C is the 2
centre
confirms that the path of charge particle 18. The Compton shift
Of
fromthe circular
A to B is a quartier circle so time h
path.
spent in the field region is      
/
1  cos   Also using
m0 c
T 1 m m
t   2  The distance AB c h c
4 4 qB 2qB c   we get  1  cos  

R R  v m0c /

is  R sin 450  R sin 45   R 2

v
Given that v  , then we get
2 2 /
 2
If the direction of B is reversed the 2
mc m c2
charge particle will traverse
3
th of the 1  cos   0 or 1  0  cos 
4 hv hv
circle and will come out so d is wrong Further the conservation of momentum
Ans : a, b, & c perpendicular to direction of incidence
sin 
/
hv mv
gives sin   mv sin  or 
16. The capacity of the capacitor is c
/
hv / c sin 
 A   R2 Ans: a, c
C    and the charge
d d
  R 2V 19. An emitter follower is a common collector
q  CV  sin  t amplifier with negative gain (less than 1)
d and with both the output and input in
The electric field between the plates is same phase
V V sin t Ans: b, c & d
E 
d d
There by the displacement current density 20. The dimensions are
L 1 L 1
 . .R   sec ond    
CR CR R sec ond

3
E
 characteristic impedance of free space  
H 23. In a p-n junction the current mechanism is
 Henery / meter Henery diffusion in forward bias and drift in
   reveres bias
 sec ond /   meter sec ond
Ans: b
Henery 
  .  
2

 sec 24. According to uncertainty principle

 h 
given that x  0.5 A
2
B weber / m weber henery
    x  p  
D coulomb / m
2
amp  sec sec 2 4
Ans: a, b & d
if there by the uncertainty in momentum
21. E2  E1 
hc hc   1 
  hc  2  h h
1 2  12  is p   1010 ans d
4  0.5 1010 2
300  1010 Also according to Bohr atom model
 hc
4950  5250  1020 h
mvr  n
  6.6  10  3  10   1.1544  10
34 therefore the radius of
2
8 5

 2.30 1020 J so option b is correct. second orbit is

h
Ans: b r  2
2  momentum
22. Energy released in one reaction h
 2  2 A
 3  2.014   4.001  1.077  1.008  0.026 u h
2  1010

So energy released by 3 deuterons 2

 0.026 u  931.5  24.219MeV . Ans: b
40
So the energy released by 10
25. If D denotes the doping concentration in a
deuterons shall be  8.073 10 MeV
40
semiconductor, then it is known that
19
 8.073  10  10  1.6  10
40 6
joule 1
the depletion width x  and
 1.29  10 J This energy can last for a
28
D
28
1.29  10 12 the diffusion length L  D
Time t  16
 1.29  10 second
10 Ans: b
Also t  4.110 year
4

Ans: b, c

PART B1
B1. Refuted since the wavelength of micro
 sin 90  n  625 107  n  5
waves (frequency  10 hz to 10 hz ) is often
9 12
of the order of millimeter or centimetre and
not micrometre.
B2. Refuted. There will be a phase change of
 at the two surfaces hence constructive
interference in reflected light.
B3. Defended. Without rotating the apparatus,
one would not have reached the final results of
the experiment which ultimately led to the
conclusion that the speed of light in vacuum is
a universal constant. A postulate of the special
theory of relativity would not have come.
B4. Defended since the condition of
diffraction is  e  d  sin   n
2.54
8000
B5. Defended. In a uniaxial crystal the O-ray
and E-ray travel with different velocities in
different directions. The difference in the two
velocities being zero along the optic axis while
a maximum in a direction perpendicular to the
optic axis.
B6. The precessional frequency also known as
Larmor frequency refers to the rate of
precession of a magnetic dipole around the
direction of an external magnetic field and
qB
isexpressed as  p   B  (often
2m
discussed in vector atom model) here  is the

4
gyromagnetic ratio. The cyclotron frequency circulations of a proton in a perpendicular
qB
fc  denotes the number of
2 m
magnetic field B. may have same value even when n and V
n
B7. Defended. For pure rolling of a solid changes but   remains same hence
   V 
spherical ball acceleration a    R (must justified
be). If the force imparted by the que to the
billiard ball is F and the ball is hit a distance h B10. Truth table:
 
above the central line then
2 Boolean Expression: Y  A  A BC  BC
h  F  I or hF  mR 2
5 A B C D
Now using F  ma and a   R
2 a 2 0 0 0 1
we get hma  mR 2  h  R Hence
5 R 5 0 0 1 1
the result
0 1 0 1
B8. Since the luminosity of star is 17000 time
that of the Sun therefore 0 1 1 1
 T  17000 (5800)  T  66228k  66000 K
4 4
1 0 0 1

B9. For an electron gas in a metal, the number 1 0 1 0

of free electrons is
Ef Ef
1 1 0 0
8 2m Vm 1
n( E )   g  E  dE 
0
h3 0 E dE or2
1 1 1 1
3
16 2 V  m 2 2
3
n  2 fE The Boolean diagram is
3 h  A
2 A
h 2  3n  3 Y
Or E f    or E f depends on the B B B.C
2m  8 V  C C B.C

A B.C  B.C 
n
electron density   . It C  B.C    B.C 
V  B
B.C

Solutions: Part B – 2
P1. (a) The diagonals of a cube form an sin   sin 180  2    sin 2   2 sin  cos 
isosceles triangle with base angle
1 2 2 2 1
1  1
 sin   2    cos  
  sin   . Obviously, the acute angle 3
  
3 3 3
 3
(b)Knowing that v    r or
between the diagonals will be      
  180  2  So 
r  v  r    r  r2  

5
   
  i j k  x
f0
e i pt    Cebt sin   t   
 r  v  
p 
1
 2 
2
2 
1 9 8  2
 2  2b2 p 2
r 
12  92  82  3 4 5 
   Where


1
 2  b2 is the frequency of
    2 2
Or  
1
146

13i  29 j  31k  damped oscillations which die quite soon and
final solution remains as
The angular momentum of the particle may
f0
be x e i pt   thereby
     
2
L  r  p  iˆ  9 ˆj  8kˆ  2 3iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ p 2   2  2b 2 p 2
iˆ ˆj kˆ the velocity at any time t is given by
dx f0
or L  2 1 9 8 or v  ip e i pt  
dt
p 
2
3 4 5 2
 2  2b2 p 2
L   45  32 iˆ   24  5 ˆj   4  27  kˆ substituting now the values, we get
2 1
Or L  13iˆ  29 ˆj  31kˆ kg m s dx  ipF0 / m
 ipx  e  i pt  
dt  2 k
2
r
2
P2. When a mechanical system, capable of  p    2 p2
 
2
oscillation, is subjected to a periodic force say m 4 m
F0
e i pt  
p
F  F0 e ipt whose frequency is , the 
2 m  2 k
2
r
2

 p   2 2 p
2
system starts oscillation. The equation of
p  m 4m
motion may be written
d 2x dx
as m 2  kx  r  F0 e ipt or F0 F0  i pt  
dt dt  e i pt    e
2  k
2 Zm
 mp  p   r
d x dx 2
m 2  r  kx  F0 e ipt this is the
dt dt  
differential equation offorced oscillations of 2
 k
the system. Here r is the mechanical Where Z m  r   mp  
2
is the
resistance and K is the force constant.  p
The equation may be rewritten as
mechanical impedance.The mechanical
d 2 x r dx k F
2
  x  0 e ipt or impedance is the effective hurdle to the
dt m dt m m
2
d x dx vibratory motion and seems to be quite
2
 2b   2 x  f 0 e ipt
dt dt similar to the electrical impedance with its
The solution of this differential equation
consists of two parts namely resistive and reactive components.
(i) The complimentary function as P3. The given process is P V  nb   nRT
x  Ce bt
sin   t    with     b 2 2
for n mole of the gas. Forone mole at
and temperature T1 we can write
(ii) The particular integral as
P1 V1  b   RT1
f0  i  pt  
x e The P1 V1  b 
p  R
2
2
 2
 2b p
2 2
T1
complete solution forforced oscillations may Also when one mole of the gas is heated from
thus be T1 to T2 at constant pressure

6
P1 V1  b  P1 V2  b  Further since the averageenergy in electric
 R field = average energy in magnetic fieldi,e
T1 T2
1 1 2
T   E y2  Bz  Bz    E y
 V2  2 V1  b   b Further since the 4 4
T1
Thus the energy flux
pressure is constant during heating,
E y Bz Ey   E y2
V2
   E y E y   cU
the work done W   PdV  P V
V1
1 2  V1     
P5. The resultant intensity as a result
T  ofdiffraction by N parallel slits i,e diffraction
 P1  2 V1  b   b  V1  2
 A sin    sin N  
2
 T1 
grating is I     
T      sin  
 P1  2 V1  b   V1  b  2
 T1   sin N  
 sin    N The
2
Since Lt   n
T  P  
 P1 V1  b   2  1  1 V1  b T2  T1 
 T1  T1  A sin   2
2

Maximum Intensity is I    N
W  R T2  T1    
Further the change in internal energy and the condition of Maximum is   n or
T2

dU   Cv dT  n   C0  C1T  dT
T2
 e  d  sin   n where
T1 T1 n  0, 1,  2,  3 and soon This is the
condition of Principal maxima
1
dU  nC0 T2  T1   nC1 T22  T12
2
  The condition of minima is
N  e  d  sin   m where
 1 
dU  n T2  T1  C0  C1 T2  T1   For m  1, 2,3.............. N  1 ,  N  1 ,  N  2 .....
 2 
one mole gas but m  0, N , 2 N ,3N......
 1  See standard text: Principles of Optics by B K
dU  T2  T1  C0  C1 T2  T1  Mathur
 2 
Now dQ  dU  dW P6. The charge moving in perpendicular
magnetic field will go along a circular path of


 T2  T1

 C0  2 C1 T2  T1 
1
 
 R T2  T1  radius R 
mv
qB
and will traverse a circle


dQ  T2  T1

 C0  R  2 C1 T2  T1 
1
 within the field region.Flux enclosed will be
 mv 
2
 mv  1
   R B      B     
2
2

P4. Let E y & Bz represent the electric and  qB   q  B

magnetic vectors of the plane polarised The angular momentum  mvR is obtained
electromagnetic wave. Then the energy flux is
  as  L  qB R 2
 E  B The magnetic dipole moment
given by the Poynting vector P  =
  qv R
  iA  nq R 2  q R 2  0
E y  BZ  E y BZ  2 2
i  i  qv R q
  Thus  / m v0 R 
The energy density in electromagnetic field is L 2 2m
1 1 2 E
U  E2  B  E 2   B
2 2 c

7
P7. The particle wave function is given as  For most probable distribution, the
  x, 0  
1
2
  x   1  x  The energy number of particles in each cell 
n
G
Eigen valuesmay be calculated as Where n  8 is the total number of particles
  d  and G  g1  g 2 the total number of cells in
L 2 2
 H  x, 0     x, 0    2 
  x, 0  dx
0  2m dx  allthe k compartments.
Number of particles in the ith compartment
1
2
  
*  x   1*  x  E  x   E11  x  dx
n
 gi where g i is the number of cells in the
1 1   2  2 22  2  2  G
  E  E1    2   ithcompartment.
2 2  2mL 2mL2 
Number of particles, n  8
5   2 2  5  2 2 Number of cells in compartment 1 , g1  4
  
2  2mL2  4 mL2 Number of cells in compartment 2 , g 2  2
P8. (a) The value of Total number of cells in all the (two)
e2 compartment G  g1  g2  6
 
2
 1.602 1019  8.99 109 N m 2
4   For most probable distribution, the
 
2
 1.602 10 19
 8.99 10 Joule x meter
9 number of particles in compartment one
8 16 1
1.602 10   4   5 and
2
19
 8.99 109 in the
 eV 1015 fm 6 3 3
19
1.602 10 8 8 2
compartment two   2   2
6 3 3
1.602 1019  8.99 109 As fractions of particles are not possible, 2
 1015 MeVfm
10 6 distributions are equally most probable i.e.
 1.602  8.99 10199156 MeV fm (6, 2) and (5,3)
e2
 1.602  0.899MeVfm  1.44MeVfm
 W (6, 2)  8!  46  22  28  214  7  216
4  6!2!

Now the fine structure constant   1 e

2  W (5,3)  8!  45  23  56  213  7  216
5!3!
4  c
(ii) The probability of macrostate (8,0) is
 
2
8.99 109  1.602 1019 Newton  m2 8!
  4   2   48  216
8 0
W (8, 0) 
197.3386 MeV  fm 8! 8  8!
1.44 MeVfm

197.3386 MeVfm P9. The loop of edge length a, is moving in the
1 1 magnetic fieldinducedemf =
  7.2971103   l B v  a B r
137.0407 137
Induced emf
And the induced current is =
(b) (i) The most probable state R
corresponds to the most a B r
i where R is the resistance
probabledistribution of the particles in R
various cells. It can be proved that the On length a, the force is  ilB  iaB
most probable distribution is obtained aB r a 2 B 2r
when the number of particles is equally F aB 
R R
distributed in all the cells. The torque of this force F is r  F
a 2 B 2 r a 2 B 2r 2
 r
R R

8
 l 1 a 1 Now knowing that 2d sin   n we get
Now R    Substituting n n 2
A  at  t sin    h  k 2  l 2 or
a B r2 2 2d 2a
  a 2 B 2 r 2 t n2 2 2
1
t
sin 2  
4a 2
 h  k 2  l 2  as h, k, l are all
P10. (a) Knowing that if a number is expressed positive integers, for any pair of diffraction
in base r or redix r, then sin 2 1 h12  k12  l12
an r n  an1r n1  an2 r n2 .....  a2r 2  a1r  a0  0
lines one can write 
sin 2  2 h22  k22  l22
in the present case the equation is Conditions for FCC: All (h, k, l) odd or all even
x2  10 x  31  0 so a2  1, a1  10 and a0  31
now x  5  52  10r   5  31r where
BCC: Sum of h, k, l is even
Primitive cubic: none of above
10r  r and 31r  3  r  1 See table below: The lattice parameter can be
So 25  5r  3r  1  0  r  13 calculated using any set of ( h k l )
And x  8  82  10r  8  31r  0 where   
a  h  k  l
2 2 2
10r  r and 31r  3r  1 so  2sin  
64  8r  3r  1  0  5r  65 or r  13  0.154 nm 
a   3  0.2066 1.73  0.3575 nm
Thus the basis of numbers is 13  2  0.37298 
Thereby the radius of copper atom is
a 2 a 0.3575
(b) For a cubic crystal structure with lattice R    0.1265 nm
parameter a, the spacing d between planes is 4 2 2 2 2
a
given by d 
h  k2  l2
2

Peak 2 sin 2  sin 2 1 / sin 2 2 K factor h2  k 2  l 2 hk l d(nm) R(nm)

h2  k 2  l 2
1 43.8 0.139119 1 3 3 111 1.7320 0.2066 0.1265
2 50.8 0.183985 1.3225 3.9675 4 200 2.0000 0.1790 0.1271
3 74.4 0.365540 2.6275 7.8825 8 220 2.8284 0.1265 0.1275
4 90.4 0.503490 3.61913 10.8573 11 311 3.3166 0.1078 0.1274

9
10
11
 1    R V V sin t  R
2

S  cos t   V sin 2t

     2

 2 Rd
2


d 4d
The maximum value of Pointing vector will
  R
therefore be S max  2
V
2

4d

12