CVL100:Environmental Science(2-0-0)

(Tuesday and Wednesday; Friday slot reserved for extra class)

Introduction to Water Pollution

Lec1: Jan 04,2022

Prof. Arun Kumar

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
See Moodle and Impartus for Additional materials ; check class email

1
 Course instructors

• Prof. Arun Kumar (water and wastewater

treatment part)
• Prof. Babu J.Alappat (Solid waste)
• Prof. Mukesh Khare (Air pollution)

January 4, 2022
 Water Pollution

January 4, 2022 Arun Kumar 3

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
January 4, 2022 Arun Kumar 4
(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Q: Name water pollutants

• In surface water
• In groundwater
• In sea water

January 4, 2022 5
 Ans: Name water pollutants

• In surface water (ammonia, organic matter,

suspended solids, rotavirus, metals-lead, silver
nanoparticles, tetracycline,etc.)
• In groundwater (arsenic, tetracycline, silver
nanoparticles, calcium, iron, manganese,
rotavirus, pesticide, etc.)
• In sea water(bisphenol A, microplastics, tio2
nanoparticles, polycyclic hydrocarbon)

January 4, 2022 6
 Water pollutants in environment
C0 Raw Animal
Biosolids
Solid
C2
Wastewater Manure Waste

Raw
Drinking Water
C1 Wastewater Land
Landfills
Focus Treatment Application

Removal and/or Runoff, Runoff,

Drinking Water C3 after
Treatment
transformation Infiltration, Infiltration, treatment
Sorption, Sorption,
Microbial Microbial
activity, other activity, other Removal and/or
transformations transformations transformation

C2 Natural waters

Potential human exposure

PPCPs and EDCs present via drinking water
in human urine and feces

January 4, 2022 Arun Kumar 7

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Fate of pollutants in environment

• Processes during fate: adsorption,

biodegradation, settling, desorption, ion
exchange, UV-based inactivation of
microorganisms, UV-based degradation,
oxidation-reduction

January 4, 2022 8
 Transport of pollutants in
environment
• Transport:
• (a)Wastewater effluent  surface water raw
source water  drinking water  wastewater
influent
• (b) leachate during land application of sludge 
percolation to subsurface  adsorption with soil
and retardation  contamination of groundwater
 tube well water  source drinking water

January 4, 2022 9
 Transfer of pollutants from water to species

C3
C2

C1

C0

January 4, 2022 Arun Kumar 10

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Bioaccmulation versus biomagnification

• Bioaccumulation: accumulation of contaminants in

organisms over time
• biomagnification: transfer of contaminants from
lower order specie to higher order species

• (example: Mercury transfer; DDT transfer)

January 4, 2022 11
Example: develop relationship between C0
and other concentration in species

C1 in specie

C0 in specie

Source: https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/contaminants-
online/pages/toolsteachers/ttfiles/lesson2/activity%202_foodweb_key.pdf 12
 See concentration of pollutants at
different stages
C0 Raw Animal
Biosolids
Solid
C2
Wastewater Manure Waste

Raw
Wastewater Land Drinking Water
Landfills
Focus Treatment Application

C1 in effluent
Removal and/or Runoff, Runoff,
Drinking Water C3 in
Treatment
transformation Infiltration, Infiltration, treated
Sorption, Sorption,
Microbial Microbial water
activity, other activity, other Removal and/or
transformations transformations transformation

C2 Natural waters

Potential human exposure

PPCPs and EDCs present via drinking water
in human urine and feces

January 4, 2022 Arun Kumar 13

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Relationship of concentration in
different water media
• How are C0, C1…C5 are interrelated?

January 4, 2022 14
 C0 versus C1

• C0 is converted to C1 by factor (f1) which

indicates removal of contaminants in
wastewater treatment plant(i.e., removal in
wastewater treatment plant; unit=%).
• =>C1=f1*C0

January 4, 2022 15
 C1 versus C2

• C1 is converted to C2 by factor (f2) which

indicates removal of contaminants during
mixing of wastewater effluent with stream
water and concentration at steady state
(unit=%).
• =>C2=f2*C1

January 4, 2022 16
 C3 versus C2

• C2 is converted to C3 by factor (f3) which

indicates removal of contaminants during
drinking water treatment plant (unit=%).
• =>C3=f3*C2

January 4, 2022 17