Module 6

1. Punishment has occurred when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and
_____________________
decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar
conditions.

2. Punishment is defined neither by the actions of the person delivering the consequences
nor by the nature of those consequences. A decrease in the future frequency of
occurrence of the behavior must be observed before consequent-based intervention
qualifies as _____________________.
punishment

3. _____________________has
Negative punishment occurred when the frequency of responding has been
decreased by the removal of a stimulus immediately following a behavior.

4. _____________________has
Positive punishment occurred when the frequency of responding has been
decreased by the presentation of a stimulus immediately following a behavior.

5. Because aversive events are associated with positive punishment and with negative
reinforcement, the term _____________________control
aversive is often used to describe
interventions involving either or both of these contingencies.

6. A _____________________is
conditioned punisher a stimulus that has acquired its punishing capabilities by
being paired with unconditioned or conditioned punishers.

7. A _____________________is
punisher a stimulus change that immediately follows the
occurrence of a behavior and reduces the future frequency of that type of behavior.

8. Dr. Murry Sidman summarized many times that we consider virtue to be its own
_____________________.
reward He also indicated that it is a myth to believe that punishment
does not teach anything because it effectively teaches avoidance and
_____________________ (Sidman, 1993).
escape

9. Punishment must be paired with _____________________.

reinforcement The power of punishment
techniques is that they can rapidly _____________________
decrease an individual's rate of
problem behaviors. But merely suppressing unacceptable behaviors is not enough: the
individual should also be taught appropriate and functional behaviors.

10. Negative punishment has occurred when the frequency of responding has been
decreased by the _____________________
removal of a stimulus immediately following a
behavior.

11. Because aversive events are associated with positive

_____________________and
punishment with
_____________________,
negative reinforcement the term aversive control is often used to describe
interventions involving either or both of these contingencies.
12. _____________________,
Response block which is when a person or device blocks a response to
prevent it from completing, would be considered _____________________punishment
positive
(based on evidence from behavior decreasing).

13. _____________________is
Time-out defined as withdrawal of the opportunity to earn positive
reinforcement or the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specified time. This
would be considered _____________________
negative punishment ((based on evidence from
behavior decreasing).

14. _____________________
Overcorrection is when, contingent upon a problem behavior, the learner is
required to engage in effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the
problem. This would be considered _____________________punishment
positive (based on
evidence from behavior decreasing).

15. _____________________is
Response cost a form of punishment in which the loss of specific amount of
reinforcement occurs, contingent on the performance of an inappropriate behavior and
results in the decreased probability of the future occurrence of the behavior. This would
be considered _____________________punishment
negative (based on evidence from behavior
decreasing).
Restitutional
16. _____________________is
overcorrection when the learner must repair the damage caused by the
problem behavior and then bring the environment back to a condition that is notably
improved than before the behavior occurred.

17. A direct fine is an example of a _____________________.

response cost

18. Time out will typically be ineffective if “time in” is not _____________________.
reinforcing

19. A conditioned punisher is a stimulus that has acquired its punishing capabilities by being
paired with _____________________.
unconditioned or conditioned punishers.

20. A punisher is a stimulus change that immediately follows the occurrence of a behavior
and _____________________
decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior