MATHEMATICS

Differential Calculus
Prepared by: Engr. Lara Katrina A. Chua

LECTURE CONTENT
✓ Limits
✓ Asymptotes
✓ Derivatives
✓ Applications of Derivatives
✓ Maxima and Minima
✓ Related Rates
✓ Parametric Equations
✓ Partial Differentiation
Limits

Limit – indicates the value that a function

approaches as that function’s inputs get
closer and closer to some number.
Limits

1. Evaluate the limit: x^2 - 3x +5 as x

approaches 5.

A. 20 B. -5
C. 15 D. 45
2. Evaluate the limit: (x^3 - 27)/(x^2 – 9)
as x approaches 3.

A. 3/2 B. 0
C. 9 D. 9/2
3. Evaluate the limit 1/x as x approaches 0.

A. ∞ B. −∞
C. 0 D. Does not exist
4. Evaluate the limit 3x^2 /(4x^2 + 2x - 3)
as x approaches ∞.

A. 0.763 B. 3/4
C. 0 D. 4/7
5. Evaluate the limit: 2sinx*cosx / 2x as x
approaches 0.

A. 0 B. 3.05
C. 1 D. Does not exist
6. Evaluate the limit: (e^(2x)- cosx) / x
as x approaches 0.

A. 3 B. 2
C. -2 D. Does not exist
7. Evaluate the limit: (1+1/x)^x as x
approaches ∞.

A. lne B. e
C. 2.781 D. 1/e^2
Asymptotes

Asymptote – a line that continually

approaches a given curve but does not meet
it.
𝑁 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 𝑚 +⋯
Given 𝑦 = = + ⋯
𝐷 𝑥 𝑏𝑥 𝑛 +⋯

• Vertical Asymptote:
Set 𝐷 𝑥 = 0
• Horizontal Asymptote:
If 𝑚 < 𝑛, 𝑦 = 0
𝑎
If 𝑚 = 𝑛, 𝑦 = 𝑏
If 𝑚 > 𝑛, no Horizontal Asymptote
but there may be slanting asymptote:
𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑥 regardless of remainder
𝑅 𝑥 .
Asymptotes

1. Determine the vertical asymptote/s of

y = 4x / (5 - 2x).

A. x = 3.5 B. x = 2/5
C. x = 2.5 D. x = 5 and -2
2. Determine the horizontal asymptote/s of
y = 4x^2 / (2x^2 - 6).

A. y = 2 B. y = +sqrt(3), sqrt(3)
C. x = sqrt(3) D. x = 2
3. Determine the slanted asymptote of
y = (2x^2 + x - 1) / x - 1.

A. y = x^2 + 1 B. y = 2/x-1
C. y = 2x + 3 D. y = 2x^2+3x
Derivatives

Derivatives
Derivative – the rate of change of a
function with respect to a variable.
Derivatives

1. Determine the derivative of (2x+5)^3 with

respect to x.

A. 12x-30 B. 6(2x+5)^2
C. 12x^2-60x+75 D. 24x^2-120x+150
2. Determine the derivative of (6-2x)^2 / x^3
with respect to x.

A. 2(6-2x)(x^2-9x)/x^6
B. (6-2x)(x^3-18x^2)/x^4
C. 2(6-2x)(x-9)/x^4
D. (6-2x)(x^3-16x^2)/x^6)
3. Determine dy/dx of y = log(x/(1+x)).

A. loge /(x(1+x)) B. loge / 1 + x

C. loge / x D. 2cosx
4. Determine dy/dx of y = x^(x^2).

A. x^(x^2)[x+2xlnx]
B. x^(x^2)[x-2xlnx]
C. 2x^(x^2)[x+2xlnx]
D. 2x^(x^2)[x-2xlnx]
5. Determine dy/dx of y = (1/x)*arctan(1/x)
at x = -1.

A. 73.648 B. 1.529
C. 1.285 D. 74
6. Find y’ of the function: x^2 – xy + y^2 = 3.

A. 2x-y/x-2y B. 2xy/3y^2
C. 2x/x-2y D. x^2
7. Find Xo using the extended law of the THE LAW OF THE MEAN: If f(x) is
continuous on the interval a≤x≤b and if
mean of the functions f(x) = 3x + 2 and f’(x) exists everywhere on the interval
g(x) = x^2 + 1 at intervals [1,4]. except possibly at the endpoints, then
there is at least one value of x, say x
= xo, between a and b such that
A. -1.5 B. 2.5
C. 2.0 D. 3.0 𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
= 𝑓′(𝑥𝑜 )
𝑏−𝑎
GENERALIZED LAW OF THE MEAN: If f(x)
and g(x) is continuous on the interval
a≤x≤b and if f’(x) and g’(x) and
g’(x)≠ 0 everywhere on the interval
except possibly at the endpoints, then
there is at least one value of x, say x
= xo, between a and b such that

𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓′(𝑥𝑜)
𝑔 𝑏 − 𝑔(𝑎) 𝑔′(𝑥𝑜 )
Applications of Derivatives

1. Determine the slope of the curve y = 4x^2 + 5x- 2 at

(4,4).
A. 32 B. 52
C. 37 D. Undefined
2. Determine the slope of the curve x^2 + y^2 – 6x
+ 10y + 5 = 0 at the point (1,0).

A. 4/10 B. 4/7
C. 10/7 D. 2/1
3. Find the inflection point of the curve y =
x^3 – 5x^2 – 36x + 25.

A. (5/3,-99.26) B. (5,2)
C. (pi/4, 12) D. (-7.89,5.65)
4. Find the slope of the curve r^2 = 2sinθ at θ = pi/3.
A. 2.22 B. 1.27
C. -3.25 D. -1.04
5. Two particles move along a straight line
and have positions at time t given by the
equations s1 = t^3-t and s2 = 6t^2 – t^3.
Find their velocities when they have the
same acceleration.

A. 3 and 7 B. 2 and 9
C. 7 and 9 D. 2 and 6
6. Find the equation of the line normal to the
curve 4y = x^3 + 2x^2 -4x + 5 at (2, -1).

A. x+y=-2 B. x+4y=-2
C. 2x+4y=1 D. 4x+y=2
7. Find the length of the sub-tangent of
the curve y^2 – 8x – 2y + 17 at point
(5/2,3).

A. 6 B. 2/3
C. 5/2 D. 3
Maxima and Minima

• Determine the item to be

maximized/minimized
• Formulate equation for that item
• Express the equations in terms of a
single variable
• Differentiate the function and set the
derivative equal to zero
• Solve for the variable and check if
applicable whether they maximize or
minimize the given quantity
1. Divide the number 120 in two parts such
that the product P of one part and the
square of the other is a maximum. What is
the maximum value of P.

A. 2560000 B. 2860000
C. 2160000 D. 2430000