BAC1054 – PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

CLASS EXERCISE
TOPIC 3: COST BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS

1. Turgo Company manufactures a single product. Annual production costs incurred in

manufacturing process are shown below for two levels of production.

Costs Incurred
Productions in 5,000 10,000
Units
Production Total Cost Cost/Unit Total Cost Cost/Unit
costs
Direct materials RM8,000 RM1.60 RM16,000 RM1.60
Direct labor 9,500 1.90 19,000 1.90
Utilities 2,000 0.40 3,500 0.35
Rent 4,000 0.80 4,000 0.40
Maintenance 800 0.16 1,100 0.11
Supervisory 1,000 0.20 1,000 0.10
salaries

Instructions
a) Define the terms variable costs, fixed costs, and mixed costs.
b) Classify each cost above as either variable, fixed, or mixed.

2. Shingle Enterprises is considering manufacturing a new product. It projects the cost of

direct materials and rent for a range of output as shown below.

Output in Units Rent Expenses Direct Materials

1,000 RM5,000 RM4,000
2,000 5,000 7,200
3,000 8,000 9,000
4,000 8,000 12,000
5,000 8,000 15,000
6,000 8,000 18,000
7,000 8,000 21,000
8,000 8,000 24,000
9,000 10,000 29,300
10,000 10,000 35,000
11,000 10,000 44,000

Instructions
a) Diagram the behavior each cost for output ranging from 1,000 to 11,000 units.
b) Determine the relevant range of activity for this product.
c) Calculate the variable costs per unit within the relevant range.
d) Indicate the fixed cost within the relevant range.

PNIR
BAC1054 – PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
CLASS EXERCISE
TOPIC 3: COST BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS

3. The controller of Furgee Industries has collected the following monthly expense data
for use in analyzing the cost behavior of maintenance costs.

Month Total Maintenance Costs Total Machine Hours

January RM2,500 300
February 3,000 350
March 3,600 500
April 4,500 690
May 3,200 400
June 4,900 700

Instructions
a) Determine the fixed- and variable-cost components using the high-low method.
b) Prepare a graph showing the behavior of maintenance costs, and identify the
fixed- and variable-cost elements. Use 100-hour increments and RM1,000 cost
increments.

4. Family Furniture Corporation incurred the following costs.

1. Wood used in the production of furniture.
2. Fuel used in delivery trucks.
3. Straight-line depreciation on factory building.
4. Screw used in the production of furniture.
5. Sales staff salaries.
6. Sales commissions.
7. Property taxes.
8. Insurance on buildings.
9. Hourly wages of furniture craftsmen.
10. Salaries of factory supervisors.
11. Utilities expense.
12. Telephone bill.

Instructions
Identify the costs above as variable, fixed, or mixed.

PNIR
BAC1054 – PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
CLASS EXERCISE
TOPIC 3: COST BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS

5. The controller of Dousmann Industries has collected the following monthly expense
data for use in analyzing the cost behavior of maintenance costs.

Month Total Maintenance Costs Total Machine Hours

January RM2,750 3,500
February 3,000 4,000
March 3,600 6,000
April 4,500 7,900
May 3,200 5,000
June 5,000 8,000

Instructions
a) Determine the fixed- and variable-cost components using high-low method.
b) Prepare a graph showing the behavior of maintenance costs, and identify the
fixed- and variable-cost elements. Use 2,000-hour increments and RM1,000 cost
increments.

PNIR