LNBQF[NK KA EQGNJMKNKAR
BN__A_N Y_DLARMDJNF KA
YRMBDFDCÇN

Njîfmsms ka RNJ[N _DRN KA FMGN

Nfugjn8
YÎ__NCN FÒYAX, HQFMRRN

Bòkmcd8
 Q>3?92?5>

Bursd8
Ysmbdpntdfdcçn

Kdbajta8
_dxnjn Nsbn

Fmgn, ?9>5
 

KAKMBN[D_MN

Kakmbd asta trnonhd n Kmds, n gms pnkras y n gm

prdlasdrn. N Kmds pdrqua en astnkd bdjgmcd n

bnkn pnsd qua kdy, bumkîjkdga y kîjkdga

ldrtnfazn pnrn
pnrn bdjtmjunr, n gms pnkras, qumajas
n fd fnrc
rcd
d ka gm vmkn enj vafn
fnk
kd pdr gm
omajastnr y akubnbmòj ssmajkd
majkd gm npdyd aj tdkd
gdgajtd. Kapdsmtnjkd su ajtarn bdjlmnjzn aj
bnkn ratd qua sa ga prasajtnon smj kuknr jm uj
sdfd gdgajtd aj gm mjtafmcajbmn y bnpnbmknk.
As pdr affds qua sdy fd qua sdy nedrn.

?
 

ÇJKMBA

>. Bnrîtufn………………………………………………………………………..>

?. Kakmbntdrmn…………………………………………………………………….?

2. Çjkmba…………………………………………………………………………..2

;. Mjtrdkubbmòj………………………………………………………
Mjtrdkubbmòj…………………………………………………………………...;
…………...;

1. Kntds cajarnfas kaf parsdjnha……………………………………………...1

<. Njîfmsms ka fn parsdjnfmknk ka parsdjnha…………………………………..<

3. Bnrnbtarçstmbns psmbdfòcmbns………………………………………………….3
psmbdfòcmbns………………………………………………….3

5. Yntdfdcçn >……………………………………………………………………..3

5.> Rmcjds…………………………………………………………….…...5

5. ? Rçjtdgns……………………………………………………………..=

5. 2 Mgprasmòj Kmncjdstmbn ……………………………………………..>9

=. Yntdfdcçn ?…………………………………………………………………….>9

=.> Rmcjds…………………………………………..…………………….>9

=. ? Rçjtdgns……………………………………….……………………>>

=. 2 Mgprasmòj Kmncjdstmbn …………………………….………………>?

>9. Bdjbfusmdjas………………………………………………………………..>?
Bdjbfusmdjas………………………………………………………………..>?

>>. Njaxds…………………………………………………………………….…>2
Njaxds…………………………………………………………………….…>2

>>. Omofmdcrnlçn…………………………………………………………………..>2

2
 

MJ[_DKQBBMÒJ

Aj af prasajta kdbugajtd vngds n nodrknr fds prmjbmpnfas nspabtds ka

parsdjnfmknk
parsdjnfmknk y pntd
pntdfdcçn
fdcçnss ajbdjtrnkns
ajbdjtrnkns aj af parsd
parsdjnha
jnha pøofm
pøofmbd
bd bdjdbmk
bdjdbmkd
d
pdr gubeds bdgd Rnjtn _dsn ka Fmgn, affd aj onsa n mjvastmcnbmdjas pdr 
nutdras qua ousbnj fn snfuk gajtnf y tngomíj ka fds brmtarmds ka BMA->9.
Aj uj prmg
prmgar
ar tmag
tmagpd
pd sa pr
pras
asaj
ajtn
tnrî
rîj
j fd
fdss pujt
pujtds
ds lujk
lujkng
ngaj
ajtn
tnfa
fass qu
qua
a
axpdjaj fds kntds parsdjnfas ka Msnoaf Lfdras ka Dfmvn, kaska su mjlnjbmn
enstn af kçn ka su guarta, sacumkd ka fds nspabtds qua bdjtagpfn su tmpd
ka parsdjnfmknk y bnrnbtarçstmbns nfartnjtas kaf parsdjnha.

Ynrn
Ynrn lmjnfm
lmjnfmznr
znr targmj
targmjnra
nragd
gdss axpdjm
axpdjmajk
ajkd
d fns mgpfmb
mgpfmbnbm
nbmdja
djass ka smc
smcjds
jds y

sçjtdgns ka nbuarkd n kntds ajbdjtrnkds qua gnjmlmastaj su astmfd ka vmkn

pnrn
pn rn kas
kaspu
puís
ís kat
katarg
argmjn
mjnrr fn mgpras
mgprasmòj
mòj kmncj
kmncjdst
dstmbn
mbn.. Nsç fds ras
rasuft
uftnkd
nkdss
ajbdjtrnkds sa axpdjkrîj aj fns bdjbfusmdjas y affd sarî n pdynkd aj fds
njaxds qua avmkajbmnj fn mjldrgnbmòj ajbdjtrnkn y raspnfkd mjldrgntmvd.

Fn mgpdrtnjbmn kaf trnonhd rnkmbn aj kasbmlrnr n uj parsdjnha pøofmbd, aj

asta bnsd Rnjtn _dsn ka Fmgn, y nsç njnfmznr pdr quí n pasnr ka sar fn
pntrdjn ka Fmgn y Lmfmpmjns, en vmvmò fn gnydr pnrta ka su vmkn bdj ujn d
gîs pntdfdcçn y bdjdbar pdr quí n pasnr ka ffavnr ujn vmkn trnjqumfn y

ajtracnkn n Kmds, aj Rnjtn _dsn surcmò fds nspabtds pntdfòcmbds. Fn

prmgarn vajtnhn kaf trnonhd, qua jds kn bdjdbar fn snfuk gajtnf y af parlmf
ka parsdjnfmknk bdgd uj bdjdbmgmajtd ka gdkd axenustmvd, qua jds vn n
pargmtmr ajtajkar gahdr nfcujds nspabtds ka su vmkn. Bdgprajkar bògd sa
bdgpdrtnon y bògd mjtarnbtunon fds kmlarajtas rnscds d vnrmnofas, tngomíj
ka su bdjhujtd ka nbtmtukas, nptmtukas y ldrgns ka ajbnrnr bnkn gdgajtd
ka su vmkn, smajkd astds subasds øjmbds a mrrapatmofas pnrn fn gajtnfmknk
kaf suhatd y tdgnjkd kmstmjtns ldrgns ka nknptnbmòj njta affds.

;
 

Njîfmsms kaf parsdjnha ka

Rnjtn _dsn
ka Fmgn

>. KN[
KN[DR
DR CAJA_NF
CAJA_NFAR8
AR8
Rnjtn _dsn ka Fmgn jnbmò af ?9
ka normf ka >15< aj fn vabmjknk
kaf edspmtnf kaf Aspçrmtu Rnjtd
ka fn bmuknk ka Fmgn. Arn emhn
ka Cnspnr Lfdras, uj
nrbnoubard ka fn cunrkmn y ka
fn fmgaþn Gnrçn ka Dfmvn, qua aj af bursd ka su gntrmgdjmd kmd n su gnrmkd
dtrds kdba emhds. _anfmzò su onutmsgd aj fn pnrrdqumn ka Rnj Raonstmîj ka
Fmgn, smajkd sus pnkrmjds Earjnjkd ka \nfkís y Gnrçn Drdzbd.

Lua onutmznkn bdj af jdgora ka Msnoaf Lfdras ka

Dfmvn, smj agonrcd, su gnkra nf var qua bdj af
pnsd ka fds nþds su rdstrd sa vdfvçn sdjrdsnkd
fn agpazò n ffngnr bdj af jdgora ka _dsn.
Kaska guy jmþn, _dsn sa mjbfmjò pdr fn drnbmòj y
gakmtnbmòj, nkagîs, vmvmò uj kmfagn, puas tajçn
vdbnbm
vdbnbmòj
òj ka rafmcm
rafmcmdsn
dsn bdj
bdjtag
tagpfn
pfntmv
tmvn,
n, par
pard
d pdr 
dt
dtrd
rd fn
fnkd
kd parb
parbmo
moçn
çn af ffn
ffngn
gnkd
kd n ranf
ranfmz
mznr
nr as
astn
tn
vdbnbmòj aj af mjtarmdr ka su lngmfmn, trnonhnjkd
pdr af ramjd ka Kmds kaska luarn kaf bdjvajtd.

Bunjkd Msnoaf bugpfmò fds ?9 nþds mjcrasò nf gdvmgmajtd sacfnr ka fds

Kdgmjmbds kdjka sa prdpusd mgmtnr fn vmkn ka Rnjtn Bntnfmjn ka Rmajn.
[magpd kaspuís kaomkd n qua su pnkra jd tuvd íxmtd aj fn gmjn kdjka
trnonhnon, fn lngmfmn quakò aj crnj pdorazn, pdr fd qua Rnjtn _dsn sa
kakmbò n buftmvnr uj euartd aj af sdfnr ka su bnsn y aj fn jdbea ranfmznr 
bdsturns pnrn nyuknr aj fds cnstds kaf edcnr. Ntajkçn n fds ajlargds,

1
 

nyuknon n fds pdoras y ajsaþnon bntaquasms n fds jmþds. Ynrtmbmpnon aj fn

Aubnrmstçn aj af bdjvajtd ka Rnjtd Kdgmjcd. ]n barbn kaf lmjnf ka su vmkn,
bnyò crnvagajta ajlargn. Ynsò fds øftmgds tras gasas ka su vmkn aj fn
bnsn ka Cdjznfd ka fn Gnzn ] tnf bdgd fd kabçn subakmò af ?; ka ncdstd ka
><>3, kaspuís ka ujn tarrmofa ncdjçn gurmò ka tuoarbufdsms n sus 2> nþds ka
aknk aj fn bmuknk ka Fmgn, Yarø. Rus rastds gdrtnfas sa cunrknj aj af
suotarrîjad kaf bdjvajtd ka Rnjtd Kdgmjcd.
_dsn lua oantmlmbnkn af >1 ka normf ka ><<5 pdr af Ynpn Bfagajta MU y
bnjdjmznkn pdr Bfagajta U af >? ka normf ka ><3>. Kaska asa nþd lua
kabfnrnkn pntrdjn prmjbmpnf ka Ngírmbn, Lmfmpmjns y fns Mjkmns Drmajtnfas0
nkagîs lua ffngnkn Rnjtn _dsn ka Fmgn.

?. NJÎFMRMR
NJÎFMRMR KA FN YA_RDJN
YA_RDJNFMKN
FMKNK
K KAF
RNJ[N _DRN KA FMGN
 Aj prmgarn mjstnjbmn, _dsn sa en
bnrnbtarmznkd
bnrnbtarmznkd pdr kmstur
kmsturomds
omds agdb
agdbmdjnf
mdjnfas,
as, ka
bdjku
jkubt
btn
n, ka nu nutd
tdlflfn
nca
cafn
fnbbmò
mòj,
j, mg mgpu
pufs
fsds
ds
gnsd
gnsdqu
qums
mstn
tnss aj
ajdr
drga
gas,
s, atb.
atb. Yn
Ynrn
rn aj
ajta
tajk
jkar 
ar 
gahdr tdkd affd sa raqumara ragdjtnr n qua af
pars
parsdj
djnh
nha
a aj ga
gajb
jbmò
mòj,
j, tngo
tngomí
míj,
j, ffffng
ngno
non
n fn
nt
nta
ajbm
bmòj
òj pdr fd sa suc
ucma
mara
ra lua
lua ujn crnj
rnj
em
empa
parn
rnbt
btmv
mvmk
mknk
nk,, yn qu
qua
a fn
fnss edrn
edrnss ka su
suaþ
aþd
d
pr
prdc
dcra
rasm
smvn
vnss y vd
vdfu
fujt
jtnr
nrmn
mnss km
kmsg
sgmj
mjuy
uyaj
aj y fn
fnss
edrns ka trnonhd nugajtnj. _dsn sdfçn kdrgmr 
sdfd ? d 2 edrns nf kçn, af tmagpd rastnjta qua sdfçn raznr, trnonhnr
tr nonhnr aj af edcnr y
af hnrkçj, y bumknr ka parsdjns pdoras y ajlargns. Ka kdjka sa puaka saþnfnr 
qua Rnjtn _dsn tajçn uj pntròj pnrtmbufnr ka parsdjnfmknk, tajçn fn ngombmòj
ka gahdrnr su aspçrmtu, sa jacò n sç gmsgn n trnvís kaf nutdbnstmcd, af rmcdr y fn
parsavarnjbmn aj sus mkanfas ka snjtmknk, pradbupnbmdjas y kakmbnbmòj nf
sulrmgmajtd ka dtrns parsdjns, nkagîs ka su lnftn ka mjtarís. Ydr fns rafnbmdjas
sdbmnfas y af rabenzd nf saxd dpuastd. Ka sus eîomtds ka pajmtajbmn, sa kastnbn
fn jacnbmòj kaf ngdr prdpmd y af kdfdr nutdmgpuastd.

2. BN_
BN_NB[
NB[A_M
A_MR[M
R[MBNR
BNR
YRMBDFÒCMBNR
<
 

Fd prmgard qua garaba sar kastnbnkd as qua Rnjtn _dsn tdgò n Rnjtn
Bntnfmjn ka Rmajn bdgd gdkafd y fn smcumò lmafgajta. Qsò af gmsgd eîomtd
ofnjbd qua af suyd, mgmtò sus eîomtds nfmgajtmbmds y tmpds ka pajmtajbmn, sa bdrtò
af bnoaffd y prapnrò fds bmgmajtds kaf gdjnstarmd kdgmjmbnjd ka Rnjtn Bntnfmjn
ka Rmajn, aj Fmgn.

 Nkagîs, rafnbmdjnon bunfqumar astmgufd bdj ujn raspuastn n fd qua ousbnon,

bdgd bunjkd fa pmkmíjkdfa n Kmds qua fa mjkmbnrn n qua nsdbmnbmòj rafmcmdsn
kaoarçn mjcrasnr y ka prdjtd agpazò n ffacnr hujtd n affn bnkn kçn ujn
gnrmpdsn ka ofnjbd y jacrd. Bdj astd fa pnrabmò ajtajkar qua kaoarçn ousbnr 
ujn nsdbmnbmòj qua tuvmarn uj eîomtd ka ofnjbd y jacrd. ] kasbuormò qua arnj
fns tarbmnrmns kdgmjmbns, ujns guharas qua sa vastçnj bdj tøjmbn ofnjbn y
gnjtd jacrd y ffavnonj vmkn bdgd ka rafmcmdsns, pard vmvçnj aj sus prdpmns
bnsns. ] pmkmò sar nkgmtmkn y fn nbaptnrdj.
Ydr uj fnkd, Rnjtn _dsn, pnsnon fn gnydrçn kaf tmagpd raznjkd pdrqua af
kagdjmd fn ntnbnon ka guy kmvarsns gnjarns. ] fns tajtnbmdjas mgpurns fn
enbç
enbçnj
nj su
sulr
lrmr
mr aj
ajdr
drga
gaga
gajt
jta.
a. Nkag
Nkagîs
îs fa ffffac
acno
nonj
nj íp
ípdb
dbns
ns ka tarr
tarrmo
mofa
fass
saquaknkas aspmrmtunfas aj fns bunfas tdkd fd qua luarn drnbmòj, gakmtnbmòj d
pajmtajbmns fa prdkubçn edrrdr y nsbd. ] luarn ka asd fn cajta sa ourfnon ka su
bdgpdrtngmajtd y fds gmsgds lngmfmnras fn bdjsmkarnonj aqumvdbnkn aj su
gdkd ka vmvmr. Aj asta sajtmkd, _dsn jd kahnon fns drnbmdjas, jujbn kahnon ka
nfnonr n Kmds.

 Ra rasnftn tngomíj su ngdr pdr fds

pdoras puas affn pdsaçn ujn
kakmbnbmòj parsdjnf y bnsm axbfusmvn
pdr fds pdoras puastd qua affn ngn n
Brmstd
Brmstd,, nf kas
kaspra
prabmn
bmnkd,
kd, aff
affn
n tngomí
tngomíj
j
ngn n tdkds fds pdoras qua ffacnrdj n
sar sus eargnjds gîs ba
barbnjds.
rbnjds. Ydr 
dtrd fnkd, Rnjtn _dsn sa
bnrnbtarmznon pdr su oaffazn, fd bunf
jd fa custnon pdrqua fd nsdbmnon nf
pabn
pabnkd
kd y bu
bunj
njkd
kd dy
dyò
ò n su ea
earg
rgnj
njd
d ka
kabm
bmrr qu
qua
a sm gube
gubeds
ds ed
edgo
gora
rass sa
ajngdrnonj parkmkngajta arn pdr fn ntrnbbmòj ka ujn fnrcn bnoaffarn d ka ujn
pmaf guy eargdsn, sa bdrtò af bnoaffd y sa prdpusd ffavnr af rdstrd buomartd bdj
3
 

uj vafd. [ajçn gmakd bdjstnjta ka sar uj dohatd ka tajtnbmòj pnrn nfcumaj, pdr 
fd qua sdfçn fnstmgnrsa pnrn kasenbarsa kaf rastd ka su oaffazn lçsmbn. Nkagîs,
sa kastnbn qua Rnjtn _dsn rafnbmdjnon fn gnydrçn ka fns bdsns bdj af pabnkd.
Ajtdjbas affn snoçn qua jnkn as tnj pafmcrdsd bdgd fn vnjmknk y af drcuffd y af
kasad ka npnrabar, nsç qua sa lnormbò ujn paquaþn enomtnbmòj aj af sdfnr ka fn
bnsn kdjka vmvçn y nffç sa kakmbò n prnbtmbnr pdr fnrcns edrns kaf kçn y ka fn
jdbea sus gakmtnbmdjas, sus pajmtajbmns y sus gubens drnbmdjas. Nffç pnsnrî
af rastd ka su vmkn y sdfngajta snfkrî pnrn mr n gmsn n n sdbdrrar n nfcøj
ajlargd. Yrdonofagajta sa kaon n qua Rnjtn _dsn kaska paquaþmtn _dsn
tuvd ujn crnj mjbfmjnbmòj n fn drnbmòj y n fn gakmtnbmòj. Qj kçn raznjkd njta
ujn mgncaj ka fn \mrcaj Gnrçn fa pnrabmò qua af jmþd Hasøs fa kabçn8 "_dsn
bdjsîcrnga n gç tdkd tu ngdr". ] aj nkafnjta sa prdpusd jd vmvmr smjd pnrn
ngnr n Hasubrmstd.

Affn quarçn kakmbnrsa øjmbngajta n ngnr n Hasubrmstd. Ydr affd tngomíj kdrgçn
sdora kurns tnofns, bdj uj pnfd pdr nfgdenkn. Nfcujn vaz qua fa agpaznrdj n
ffacnr kasads ka bngomnr sus tnofns pdr uj bdfbeòj y ujn nfgdenkn, nsç qua
gmrnon su brubmlmbd. ] kaska asa kçn jujbn gîs vdfvmò n pajsnr aj ousbnr uj
fabed gîs bògdkd. Ka affd sa kakuba, qua Rnjtn _dsn, sdfçn ranbbmdjnr ka
gnjarn pnsmvn pard mgpufsmvn pnrn nfcujns smtunbmdjas.

Yntdfdcçn >
▶RMCJDR
  Yírkmkn smcjmlmbntmvn ka pasd
  Fn pí
pírk
rkmk
mkn
n ka pa
pasd
sd astn
astn dr
drmc
mcmj
mjnk
nkn
n km
kmra
rabt
btng
ngaj
ajta
ta pd
pdrr af gmsg
gmsgd
d
ajlarg
ajlargd,
d, av
avmtn
mtnjk
jkd
d af bd
bdjs
jsug
ugdd ka nfnfmg
mgaj
ajtd
tdss ga
gakm
kmnj
njta
ta ny
nyuj
ujns
ns
bdjstnjtas, nkagîs sa prdvdbnon af vògmtd.
 Kmstdrsmòj ka fn mgncaj bdrpdrnf
qua bdjsmsta aj ujn
psmbdpntdfdcçn aspabmlmbn
bnrnbtarmznkn pdr fn parsmstajbmn
bdj af bnrîbtar ka fn mkan
sdoravnfdrnkn mjtrusn ka pnvdr,
ka pabnkd 
  Nftarnbmòj kaf aqumfmormd
gatnoòfmbd
5
 

 crnj
crnj tr
trnk
nkmb
mbmò
mòj
j ka gdrt
gdrtmlmlmb
mbnb
nbmò
mòj
j bd
bdrp
rpdr
drnf
nf bdg
dgd
d uj
ujn
n ldrg
ldrgn
n ka
mkajtmlmbnbmòj bdj af sulrmgmajtd ka Brmstd y bdgd ujn gnjarn ka
nfbnjznr fn ujmòj gçstmbn bdj Kmds
 Bnraba ka mjtarís pdr fns rafnbmdjas sdbmnfas
 jd nbaptnj fns pradbupnbmdjas ka dtrns parsdjns bdj affn
 tmtmaj
aja
a ja
jaba
basm
smkn
knka
kass lç
lçsm
smbn
bnss gç
gçjm
jmgn
gnss y ranb
ranbbm
bmdj
djas
as bd
bdgd
gd kd
kdfd
fdr,
r,

bnjsnjbmd, kasad saxunf y engora

▶RÇJ[DGNR 
 Dkmd nf buarpd
 _astracnrsa fn pmaf bdj pmgmajtn pnrn kaslmcurnrsa
 Ru gnkra fa pusd ujn bdrdjn ka lfdras aj fn bnoazn pnrn fubmrfn njta
ujnss vms
ujn vmsmtn
mtns.
s. Msnoaf
Msnoaf,, ajtdjb
ajtdjbas
as kab
kabmkm
mkmò
ò qua tnf vnj
vnjmkn
mknk
k kaoçn
kaoçn sa
sar 
r 
bnstmcnkn pdr fd qua sa bfnvò ujn bdrdjn ka lfdras bdj aspmjns pnrn
enbar pajmtajbmn pdr tnf pabnkd
 Fa emzd uj bdgajtnrmd enfncnkdr pdr fn sunvmknk ka sus gnjds y fn
lmjurn ka sus kakds. Nbtd sacumkd sa tnffò fns gnjds bdj onrrd
 mjtajsds nyujds y pnsnon fns jdbeas aj vafn enbmajkd drnbmòj
 Ra gdrtmlmbnon bdj ujn bmjtn ka pfntn nfrakakdr ka su bnoazn, buyd
mjtarmdr astnon ffajd ka pujtns
 kaska paquaþn jd quarçn bdgar 
 nostmjajbmn ka bnrjas arn parpatun
 Ru nyujd arn bnsm bdjtmjud
  N fds >> nþds, pnsnon af kçn bdgpfatd

ka fds gmírbdfas, vmarjas y sîonkds

Msnoaf bdgmajkd sdfd uj pdbd ka pnj
y oaomajkd uj pdbd ka ncun
 Af rastd ka fds kçns pnsnon bdgmajkd
ujn paquaþn bdgmkn eaben ka pnpns
y edhns ngnrcns
 Bunjkd
Bunjkd tajçn
tajçn >1 nþd
nþds,
s, prd
prdga
gatmò
tmò jd
vdfvar n bdgar bnrja, bdgar ncun y
pnj pdr af rastd ka su vmkn

guy nutdbrçtmbn

=
 

MGY_ARMÒJ KMNCJÒR[MBN

[rnstd
[rnstdrjd
rjd kaf bdgpdr
bdgpdrtng
tngmaj
majtd
td nsdbm
nsdbmnk
nkd
d n kms
kmsluj
lujbmd
bmdjas
jas lmsmdf
lmsmdfòcm
òcmbns
bns y n
lnbtdras sdgîtmbds8 L19.9 Njdraxmn jarvmdsn, yn qua tajçn uj rabenzd n su
buarpd, pdr fd qua parkçn pasd bdjtnjtagajta, n trnvís kaf nyujd y dtrds
gítdkds bdgd af vògmtd, nkagîs, fd njtarmdr arn prdvdbnkd pdr affn gmsgn y
jd tdgnon aj buajtn bunjkd sus nffacnkds fa enbçnj bdgajtnrmds. Nkagîs

ka tajar aj buajtn fds smcjds y sçjtdgns qua sdj af lujkngajtd ka fn

pntdfdcçn.

Yntdfdcçn ?

▶RMCJDR

  Abd, a mjsarbmòj kaf pajsngmajtd d kmlusmòj kaf gmsgd

  Mkans kafmrnjtas ka sar bdjtrdfnkd, ka mjlfuajbmn bfnrngajta ralarmkns
nf buarpd, gdvmgmajtd, y n pajsngmajtds d nbbmdjas
  \dbas kafmrnjtas qua bdgajtaj su prdpmn nbtmvmknk, kmsbutaj ajtra
affns
\dbas nfubmjntdrmns prdbakajtas ka dtrn pnrtas axtarjns kaf buarpd
   Nfubmjnbmdjas parsmstajtas
parsmstajtas
Mjtarpdfnbmdjas d ofdquas aj af bursd kaf pajsngmajtd qua knj fucnr 
n uj fajcunha kmvncn tdrmd d kmscracnkd
  Gnjmlastnbmdjas bntntòjmbns bdgd
bdgd jacntmvms
jacntmvmsgd,
gd, astupdr, gutmsgd
  Mjbdjcruajbmn ka fn raspuastn agdbmdjnf
  Bngomd bdjstnjta, bdjsmstajta y
smcj
smcjmlmlmb
mbnt
ntmv
mvd
d ka fn bunf
bunfmk
mknk
nk ca
caja
jarn
rnff ka
nfcujds nspabtds ka fn bdjkubtn parsdjnf
qua
qua sa gn
gnjm
jmlmlmas
astn
tn pd
pdrr as
astn
tnss no
nosd
sdrt
rtd
d d
nmsfngmajtd sdbmnf
  Rçjt
Rçjtdg
dgns
ns ja
jacn
cntmtmvd
vdss bd
bdgd
gd ratr
ratrnm
nmgm
gmaj
ajtd
td
sdbmnf
sdbmnf y kms
kmsgmj
gmjubm
ubmòj
òj ka fn bdgpat
bdgpatajb
ajbmn
mn
sdbmnf.

▶RÇJ[DGNR

>9
 

 bdjstruyò aj af euartd ujn argmtn aj fn qua sa mjtarjnon n tdrturnrsa y

kabçn tajar vmsmdjas hujtd nf jmþd Hasøs.
 _dsn kabçn qua af Kmnofd sa fa npnrabçn aj ldrgn ka parrd qua fa
enofnon pnrn tajtnrfn.
 Enofnon bdj fds gdsqumtds y kabçn qua enoçn eabed bdj affds uj
pnbtd pnrn qua jd fn pmbnrnj.


Aj ujn dbnsmòj nlmrgò enoar ajvmnkd n tras pnrn enbar pmquatas pdr 
"Af Ynkra, af Emhd y af Aspçrmtu Rnjtd" n dtrn gdjhn
 enofnon bdj fn pfnjtns
 rafntd ka fn pakmkn ka gntrmgdjmd ka ujn mgncaj kaf jmþd Hasøs. Aj af
nþd ><>3, kurnjta af kdgmjcd ka _ngds _dsn buajtn qua fn mgncaj
kaf jmþd Hasøs fa kmhd8 ‖_dsn ka gm Bdrnzòj, yd ta qumard pdr aspdsn‗.
Affn fa raspdjkmò8 ‖Raþdr, nquç tmajas n tu mjøtmf asbfnvn0 tuyn sdy y
tuyn sarí pnrn smagpra"
 Aj ujn dbnsmòj Msnoaf fa pracujtò n Hasubrmstd pdr tdkd fd qua astnon

pnsnjkd, kmbmíjkdfa8 "Raþdr, ´y n kòjka ta vns bunjkd ga kahns sdfn

aj astns tarrmofas tagpastnkas4". ] asbubenon qua Hasøs fa kabçn8
"]d jd ga ea mkd fahds. Kaf gmsgd gdkd bdjtastnon gubens ka sus
pracujtns.
 Enbar qua su cnffd pnrn jd sar snbrmlmbnkdr puakn vdfvar n bnjtnr 
 Gakmnjta sus vmsmdjas pdkçn burnr ajlargds, y sdfd pdkçn enbarfd sm
ffavnon ujn astngpn kaf Jmþd Hasubrmstd

MGY_ARMÒJ KMNCJÒR[MBN

[rnstdrjd psmbòtmbd ajbdjtrnkd kajtrd kaf  L?9 Asqumzdlrajmn,

Asqumzdlrajmn,   puastd Msnoaf
Lfdras ka Dfmvn, agpazò n tajar nfubmjnbmdjas tnjtd nukmtmvns bdgd vmsunfas,
kaska guy paquaþn qua bdjkmbmdjò ujn ka fns rnzdjas ka su nmsfngmajtd
sdbmnf, Nkagîs prasajtnon fns mkans y vdbas qua fa enofnonj bnrnbtarmznkds
pdr njmgnfas y bdjvarsnbmdjas bdj af Jmþd Hasubrmstd. Nkagîs ka tajar aj
buajtn fds smcjds y sçjtdgns qua sdj af lujkngajtd ka fn pntdfdcçn.

>>
 

Bdjbfumdjas

Kaspuís ka fn fnodr k mjvastmcnbmòj nbarbn ka fn vmkn ka Msnoaf Lfdras ka

Dfmvn
Dfmvn nbtun
nbtunfga
fgajta
jta,, Rnjtn
Rnjtn _dsn
_dsn ka Fmg
Fmgn,
n, bdj
bdjdbm
dbmkn
kn bdg
bdgd
d fn pn
pntrd
trdjn
jn ka
 Ngírmbn, sa en fdcrnkd katabtnr kds pntdfdcçns. Qjn ka affns Asqumzdlrajmn,
kmbed ord
kmbed ordta
ta psmbò
psmbòtmb
tmbd
d prd
prdono
onofag
fagajt
ajta
a agp
agpazò
azò n fds ?9 nþd
nþds,
s, y gub
gubeds
eds
aspabmnfmstns bdgd Edjdrmd kabfnrnj qua pukd enoar surcmkd pdr vmdfnbmdjas
enbm
enbmn
n Rn
Rnjt
jtn
n _dsn
_dsn bu
bunj
njkd
kd nøj
nøj ar
arn
n paqu
paquaþ
aþn.
n. Rm
Rmj
j ag
agon
onrc
rcd
d jd axms
axmsta
taj
j
pruaons pnrn bdgprdonr affd. Ka fd qua su axmstaj ralarajbmns as ka sus
nfubmjnbmdjas bdj af Jmþd Hasøs, fns vdbas qua fa enofnonj, af kmnofd qua fn
parsacuçn y sus bdjvarsnbmdjas bdj fds njmgnfas.

Ydr dtrd fnkd, tngomíj

tngomíj aj onsa
onsa nf BMA->9
BMA->9 sa kat
katabt
abtò
ò af uj [rnstd
[rnstdrjd
rjd kaf
bdgpdrtngmajtd nsdbmnkd n kmslujbmdjas lmsmdfòcmbns y n lnbtdras sdgîtmbds,
as kabmr njdraxmn jarvmdsn, yn qua nf jd astnr sntmslaben bdj su buarpd, pdr 
kmva
kmvars
rsns
ns rn
rnzd
zdja
jas,
s, aj
ajtr
tra
a af
affn
fnss jd ta
tajt
jtnr
nr n fdfdss ka
kagî
gîs,
s, af
affn
fn utmf
utmfmz
mzno
non
n
gabnjmsgds ldrznkds bdgd vdgmtnr, nyujds bdjstnjtas y tdkd affd ffavnon n
ujn
ujn nmsf
nmsfnb
nbmò
mòj
j sdbm
sdbmnf
nf,, aj kdjk
kdjka
a jd nbap
nbaptn
tnon
on bd
bdga
gajt
jtnr
nrmd
mdss sd
sdor
ora
a su
ajlargaknk.

Njaxds
>?
 

_alarajbmns omofmdcrîlmbns8

• Fanf, G
G.. (Y
(Yrd
rdk
kubtdr
btdr).
). ((?
?9>1
>1).
). Gmtds y fayajkns8
Rnjtn _dsn ka fmgn P]dutuoaW. Ka
ettps8//www.ydutuoa.bdg/wntbe4
v75@ebXNkM3s9
• _dkrmcd, G. (Yrdkubtdr). (?9><). \MKN
\MKN KA RNJ[
RNJ[DR
DR ‒ Rnjt
Rnjtn
n _dsn
_dsn ka Fmgn
Fmgn
P]dutuoaW. Ka ettps8//www.yd
ettps8//www.ydutuoa.bdg/wntbe4
utuoa.bdg/wntbe4v7cYX\ff\@>
v7cYX\ff\@>HG
HG
• Fn bnhn
bnhn ja
jacr
crn
n. (Y
(Yrd
rdku
kubt
btdr
dr).
). (?
(?9>
9>5)
5).. Fn emstdrmn parturonkdrn ka Rnjtn _dsn ka Fmgn
P]dutuoaW. Ka ettps8//www.yd
ettps8//www.ydutuoa.bdg/wntbe4
utuoa.bdg/wntbe4v7o`mT>cOjN
v7o`mT>cOjNRG
RG
• Gu
Guhmhmbn
bn Ym
Ymjm
jmffffn,
n, _. (?
(?99
99>)
>).. Np
Nprd
rdxm
xmgn
gnbm
bmdj
djas
as npdb
npdbnf
nfçp
çptmtmbn
bnss n fds
fds «kas
«kaspd
pdsd
sdrm
rmds
ds
gçstmbds° ka Rnjtn _dsn ka Fmgn. Njunrmd
 Njunrmd ka Emstdrmn ka fn Mcfasmn, (>9),
1??-1?=. _abuparnkd
_abuparnkd ka ettp8//www.rakn
ettp8//www.raknfyb.drc/bdgdbm
fyb.drc/bdgdbmtnr.dn4mk
tnr.dn4mk
• Hm
Hmgí
gíja
jazz Ds
Dsdr
drmd
md,, F. (?9
(?9>1
>1).
). _af
_afmq
mqum
umns
ns,, snbr
snbrng
ngaj
ajtd
tdss y gu
guar
arta
tass snjt
snjtns
ns88 npuj
npujta
tass
pnrn fn bdgprajsmòj ka uj buarpd ugornf. Astukmd ka bnsds aj Ngírmbn
Bdfdjmnf,, smcfds U\MM-U\MMM. [noufn _nsn, (?2), 2>2-2?5.
Bdfdjmnf
• Nrny
Nrnyn
nAAspmj
spmjdzn,
dzn, N. ((?9>9
?9>9).
). ffn
nggçstmb
çstmbn
n y af bbdrnzò
drnzòj8
j8 u
ujn
jn trnkm
trnkmbmòj
bmòj ka a
aspmr
spmrmtun
mtunfmkn
fmknk
k
lagajmjn aj ngírmbn bdfdjmnf. Bunkarjds ka Fmtarnturn,
Fmtarnturn, >; (?5), >2?->1

>2