ACTIVITY 4: ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

Procedure:
1. Listen to the lecture.
2. Research 5 pharmaceutical products for each route of administration.
a. Oral
● LIVERGUARD SILYMARIN LECITHIN

● CHERIFER Forte Syrup with Taurine & CGF + Zinc 240ml

● MYRA E
 ● APPEBON Vitamin B-Complex + Iron + Lysine + Buclizine HCl
Syrup 120ml

● BEWELL C Kids Vitamin C + Zinc Syrup 120ml

b. Rectal
● DULCOLAX

For the treatment of constipation, Dulcolax is used. Under medical observation, before a
radiological test or as an enema substitute, Dulcolax may be used for bowel evacuation.
 Dulcolax acts to promote movement by working on the lining of the lower bowel and
encourages the accumulation of water into the bowel to create soft stools.

● MICONAZOLE

Miconazole Nitrate Vaginal Suppositories USP, 200 mg: One suppository (200 mg of miconazole
nitrate) is intravaginally inserted once a day for three consecutive days at bedtime. Smears
and/or cultures should reconfirm the diagnosis to rule out other diseases before recommending
another course of therapy.

● CLINDAMYCIN & CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL SUPPOSITORY

Cansoft-CL Suppository is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections such as

pneumonia, strep throat, pelvic inflammatory disease, middle ear infections, bone or joint
infections, endocarditis, among others (Clotrimazole and Clindamycin). It is given by mouth or
intravenously, or as a foam, gel, lotion or cream that is applied to the skin. It belongs to a family
of antibiotics called lincosamide which acts by blocking protein synthesis by bacteria. This
medicine should be used exclusively for the prevention of bacterial infections, not against
influenza, such as common cold or flu.

● TERCONAZOLE VAGINAL SUPPOSITORY

 For the prevention of vaginal yeast infections, this drug is used. Terconazole decreases the
vaginal burning, itching, and discharge that this disorder can cause. This drug is an antifungal for
azole. It works by preventing the yeast (fungus) growth that is causing the infection.

● BISACODYL

Bisacodyl is an over-the-counter medication used to treat constipation. Bisacodyl is known as a

stimulant laxative. It works by increasing the movement of the intestines, helping the stool to
come out. Bisacodyl is an organic compound that is used as a stimulant laxative drug. It works
directly on the colon to produce a bowel movement. It is typically prescribed for relief of
episodic and chronic constipation and for the management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction , as
well as part of bowel preparation before medical examinations, such as for a colonoscopy .

c. Parenteral
i. Intravenous
● QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN INTRAVENOUS
 Quinupristin and dalfopristin injection is used to treat infections of the skin and the blood. It
may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. It is given by injection and
is used mainly for serious infection for which other medicine may not work.

● OXALIPTALIN INTRAVENOUS

Oxaliplatin injection is given along with other medicines (eg, fluorouracil, leucovorin) to treat
advanced cancer of the colon or rectum. It is also used to treat severe colon cancer in patients
who have had a surgery. Oxaliplatin is an antineoplastic agent (cancer medicine).

● MITOMYCIN INTRAVENOUS

. Mitomycin belongs to the group of medicines known as antineoplastics. It is used to treat

some kinds of cancer. Mitomycin interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually
 destroyed. Since the growth of normal body cells may also be affected by mitomycin, other
effects will also occur.

● PEMETREXED INTRAVENOUS

Pemetrexed injection is used in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum cancer

medicines to treat metastatic (cancer that has spread) non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) with no EGFR or ALK gene mutations. It is also used together with cisplatin to treat
advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC.

● MITOXANTRONE INTRAVENOUS

Mitoxantrone injection is used alone or together with other medicines to treat advanced
prostate cancer and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). It belongs to the group of
medicines known as antineoplastics or cancer medicines. Mitoxantrone is also used to
treat some forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). This medicine will not cure MS, but it may
extend the time between relapses.

ii. Intraarterial
● BENZATHINE PENICILLIN
Benzathine injection is used to treat bacterial infections (eg, mild to moderate infections of the
upper respiratory tract, syphilis, yaws, bejel, pinta). It is also used to prevent rheumatic fever,
chorea, rheumatic heart disease, or acute glomerulonephritis.

● CHIROCAINE

Chirocaine used before minor surgery (including surgery to the eye and mouth) and major
surgery to anesthetize (numb) or make free of pain, various sections or areas of the body
(including having a baby by caesarean section). CHIROCAINE is often used during labor and
childbirth and during an operation to help alleviate pain.

● IOPROMIDE INJECTION
Iopromide is a radiographic contrast medium that is nonionically iodinated. By opacifying the
direction of its movement, it enables the visualisation of internal body structures.
● ULTRAVIST

Ultravist is an injectable contrast medium (a dye) which contains iodine. It is used to clearly
show on X-rays the area of your body that your doctor wants to investigate, for example, your
kidney, bladder, heart, vessels or spinal cord.
● PTERIN METHOTREXATE
 Pterin is used to treat certain types of cancer of the breast, skin, head and neck, or
lung. Pterin is also used to treat severe psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Pterin is usually given
after other medications have been tried without successful treatment of symptoms.

iii. Intrathecal

● CHIROCAINE

Chirocaine used before minor surgery (including surgery to the eye and mouth) and major
surgery to anesthetize (numb) or make free of pain, various sections or areas of the body
(including having a baby by caesarean section). CHIROCAINE is often used during labor and
childbirth and during an operation to help alleviate pain.

● BACLOFEN

Baclofen is a muscle relaxer used to treat muscle symptoms caused by multiple sclerosis and it
includes spasm, pain, and stiffness. Baclofen Injection (Intrathecal) is intended for use by the
intrathecal route in single bolus test doses (via spinal catheter or lumbar puncture) and, for
chronic use, only in implantable pumps approved by the FDA specifically for the administration
of Baclofen Injection (Intrathecal) into the intrathecal space.

● ROPIVACAINE INJECTION
 Ropivacaine Injection Description Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP, contains HCl
ropivacaine, a member of the local anesthetic amino amide class. Ropivacaine Hydrochloride
Injection, USP, is a clear, isotonic solution containing isotonic sodium chloride, the
enantiomerically pure content of the drug, and water for injection. Also,  used to cause
numbness or loss of feeling in patients before and during surgery or labor and delivery. It is also
used to relieve acute pain.

● ULTRACAINE HEAVY

Ultracaine heavy is used for numbness, pain caused by anal or rectal problems, Pain caused by
denture irritation, Pain caused by mouth ulcers, Before minor surgeries as local anesthetic and
other conditions. Also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

● POLY-MXB INJECTION
 It is used to treat of bacterial infections. This drug stops the growth of bacteria that cause
infections.

iv. INTRAMUSCULAR
● DECILONE

Dexamethasone (Decilone) is indicated for the successful treatment of multiple inflammatory

and allergic disorders that respond to corticosteroid therapy, such as: skin diseases, collagen
diseases, blood dyscrasias, some neoplastic diseases, and adrenocortical insufficiency.

● ACILOC INJECTION
 Aciloc injection is meant for use only in veins and deep muscles. Injection to the veins can be
offered as both a short dose (bolus) and a continuous infusion. Aciloc injection premixed in
plastic tubes can only be taken by gradual injection as an infusion into (intravenous) veins.

● DEPO-MEDROL

Depo-Medrol Injection is a corticosteroid that is used to relieve swelling in various conditions

like arthritis and allergic disorders. Do not stop the use of this medicine suddenly since this may
cause severe side effects like confusion.

● DIPROSPAN

Betamethasone (DIPROSPAN) Injection is recommended for the treatment of acute and chronic
corticosteroid-responsive diseases such as osteoarthritis-related synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis,
bursitis/tendinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhus dermatitis, neurodermatitis,
chronic hypertrophic lichen simplex, alopecia areata, and psoriasis.

● CLARITHROMYCIN
 Clarithromycin is used to treat many different types of bacterial infections affecting the skin
and respiratory system. Clarithromycin is also used together with other medicines to treat
stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori. Important Information. Take clarithromycin for
the full prescribed length of time.

v. Subcutaneous
● ANALGIN INJECTION

z
Treatment of pain caused by a toothache, headache, arthralgia (joint pain), neuralgia (nerve
pain), myalgia (muscle pain), colicky pain, and severe pain after surgeries, traumas (injuries),
etc.

● ADENOSINE INJECTION
It helps in normalizing an abnormal heart rhythm, preventing it from occurring in the first place,
or slowing down the heart rate during an episode. It is given as an injection by a doctor or nurse
and should not be self-administered.

● PROPOFOL

Propofol (Diprivan) slows the activity of your brain and nervous system. Propofol is used to put
you to sleep and keep you asleep during general anesthesia for surgery or other medical
procedures.

● OXALIPLATIN INJECTION
 This medication is used to treat advanced cancer of the colon and rectum. Oxaliplatin is a
chemotherapy drug that contains platinum. It is used in combination with other medications to
slow or stop cancer cell growth.

● OMEPRAZOLE INJECTION

Omeprazole is also used to treat dyspepsia, a condition that causes sour stomach, belching,
heart burn, or indigestion. In addition, omeprazole is used to prevent upper gastrointestinal
tract bleeding in seriously ill patients. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It works by
decreasing the amount of acid produced by the stomach.

d. Topical
i. Eye
● EYE MO RED EYE DROPS

● Boric Acid + Borax Eye Drops 1% 0.25% 10ml Green (EYEGLO

REGULAR)-1
● RENU Fresh Multi Purpose Solution 355ml

● VISINE EYEDROPS TETRAHYDROZOLINE HCL 6ml

● SYSTANE BALANCE LUBRICANT EYEDROPS 10ml

 A lipid based lubricating product for the therapy of dry eye. Systane Balacance Eye Drops
lubricates the ocular surface, supplements and stabilizes the lipid layer of the tear film and
reduces excessive tear evaporation. Provides long lasting relief from dry eye symptoms such as
burning and irritation.

ii. Intravaginal
iii. Intranasal
iv. Skin
v. Patches
e. Inhalation
● VENTOLIN INHALER SALBUTAMOL

Ventolin is a bronchodilator that relaxes airway muscles and increases the flow of air to the
lungs. Ventolin HFA is used in patients with asthma or certain types of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease to treat or prevent bronchospasm or airway narrowing in the lungs (COPD).

● SALMETEROL XINAFOATE FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE INHALER

This product is used to monitor and avoid symptoms caused by asthma or ongoing lung disease
(wheezing and shortness of breath) (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which
includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). There are 2 medicinal products in it: fluticasone
and salmeterol. Fluticasone is in a family of medicines known as corticosteroids. Salmeterol
belongs to the class of drugs known as beta agonists with long-acting effects. It works by
relaxing the muscles around the airways so that you can breathe more freely and they open up.