TT-3020B STD C TechMan

TT-3020B
Maritime
Capsat Transceiver
for the
Inmarsat-C Network
Technical Reference Manual

Version 2.20
© Copyright Thrane & Thrane A/S June 1995

Tobaksvejen 23, DK-2860 Soeborg. Denmark
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Thrane &
Thrane A/S.
© 1995 Thrane & Thrane A/S. All right reserved. Printed in Denmark.
Document Number TT-99-103373-220. Release Date: 19JUN95

Thrane & Thrane
TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. The Maritime facilities 2

2.1 Scanning and Login 2
2.2 Distress 2
2.3 Link Test 2
2.4 Message transmission 3
2.5 EGC message reception 3
3. System Generation 4
3.1 The system generation menu 4
3.2 Entering your mobile number 5
3.3 Initialising system parameters 5
3.3.1 Write protection 6
4. Built-in GPS 8
4.1 Introduction to the GPS System 8
4.1.1 The basic idea - Satellite ranging 8
4.2 The GPS module 10
4.2.1 Feature list 10
4.3 Satellite Navigation 12
4.3.1 Four Satellite Navigation (3D) 12
4.3.2 Three Satellite Navigation (2D) 12
4.3.2.1 Constant Altitude with Unknown Value 13
4.3.2.2 Constant Altitude with Known Value 13
4.3.2.3 Variable Altitude with Known Values 13
4.3.3 Basic Modes of Three SV Navigation 13
4.3.3.1 Auto Hold Mode 13
4.3.3.2 Amended Hold Mode 14
4.3.4 Almanac 14
4.3.5 Error Outputs 14
5. Antenna switch 17
5.1 Introduction 17
5.2 Commands 18
5.2.1 Timer 1 18
5.2.2 Timer 2 18
5.2.3 Nominal Threshold 19
5.2.4 Minimum Threshold 19
5.2.5 Scanning 19
5.2.6 Fixed antenna 20
5.2.7 Remote unit list 20
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5.3 Status information 21
6. Using a Reader/Puncher in the Capsat system 22

6.1 Introduction 22
6.2 Connections and setup 22
6.3 TT-1610A High speed Reader/Puncher 22
6.4 Receiving and punching messages 24
6.4.1 Setup of reception 24
6.4.2 Punching paper tape messages 25
6.4.3 Punching tapes in binary mode 25
6.5 Reading and transmitting messages 26
6.5.1 Reading paper tape messages 26
6.5.2 Reading tapes in binary mode 27
6.5.3 Transmitting messages 27
7. Transceiver Software Details 28

7.1 EGC Message header format 28
7.2 Provider Name Mapping 30
7.2.1 Introduction 30
7.2.2 Map technique 30
7.3 Baudot Characters 32
7.4 Use of the Transceiver built-in speaker 33
7.5 T-Bus Software Interface Description 35
7.5.1 TT-3042A and TT-3042B Remote Alarm 35
7.5.1.1 Introduction 35
7.5.1.2 Status command 36
7.5.1.3 Print command 37
7.5.1.4 Msg_info command 37
7.5.1.5 Send_nmea command 38
7.5.1.6 Position command 38
7.5.1.7 Time command 39
7.5.2 Antenna Switch 40
7.5.2.1 Introduction 40
7.5.2.2 Status Poll 40
7.5.2.3 Switch Antenna 40
8. Capsat Transceiver Service 41

8.1 Service 41
8.1.1 CPU board: TT 37-102819 41
8.1.2 Power supply: TT 37-102120 43
8.1.3 Demodulator / down converter board: TT 37-102019 44
8.1.4 Built-in GPS Module: TT 88-300421 45
8.1.4.1 Test Summary Word 45
8.2 Replacements 46
8.2.1 How to replace a CPU board: TT 37-102819 46
8.2.2 How to replace an FGU board: TT 37-100522 46
8.2.3 How to replace a demodulator board: TT 37-102019 46
8.2.4 How to replace a power supply: TT 37-102120 47
8.2.5 How to replace an antenna unit: TT 69-102881 47
8.2.6 How to replace the Built-in GPS Module: TT 88-300421 47
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8.3 The TT-3020B status screen information 48

8.3.1 Hardware information 48
8.3.1.1 Synth's 49
8.3.1.2 LO 1/2 49
8.3.1.3 Corr.A/C/R 49
8.3.1.4 Dif/Temp 49
8.3.1.5 RX/TX/AGC/FIFO 50
8.3.1.6 R/C-B/B/S 50
8.3.2 Software information 51
8.3.2.1 Synchronisation 51
8.3.2.2 Logged in 51
8.3.2.3 TDM type 52
8.3.2.4 TDM channel number 52
8.3.2.5 Current channel 52
8.3.2.6 Current protocol 52
8.3.2.7 TDM origin 53
8.3.2.8 TDM frame number 53
8.3.2.9 BB error rate 53
8.3.2.10 Serial number 53
8.3.2.11 Mobile number 53
8.3.2.12 Preferred ocean 53
8.3.2.13 Activities in queue 53
8.3.3 Printing the information 54
8.3.4 Storing the information in a file for transmission 54
9. Handling of communication-error situations 55

9.1 No synchronisation 55
9.2 Protocol errors 56
9.2.1 List of Link Error Messages 57
9.2.1.1 LES messages in case of a pending or rejected call 57
9.2.1.2 LES messages in case of an aborted call 58
9.2.1.3 Transceiver Messages 58
9.3 Login impossible 61
9.4 Tuning fails 62
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1. Introduction
This manual explains some of the details of a model TT-3020B Maritime Capsat Transceiver and provides
instructions for using non-standard equipment together with the Transceiver and servicing and testing the
Transceiver.
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2. The Maritime facilities
2.1 Scanning and Login

The unique Maritime features are:
Automatic scanning every 24 hours of the preferred ocean region.

Automatic scanning at a BBER of 80.
Automatic scanning when turning on an uncommissioned Transceiver.
The Maritime version scans the preferred ocean (or all oceans) every 24 hours to keep the Transceiver tuned to the
strongest NCS signal as your Transceiver position is changed.
The bulletin board error rate BBER is an indication of the satellite link quality. The Maritime version starts a scan
when this value exceeds 80 (after 80*8.64 seconds = 11.5 minutes).
When turning on the power of an uncommissioned Transceiver the Maritime version will start a scan and then start a
login, if the unit is not logged in.
2.2 Distress
When in the Maritime mode the user can send a distress alert to an LES by means of the Message Handling Program
distress menu, by pressing the TT-3020B Set and Alarm front panel buttons or when using the TT-3042B Remote
Alarm, by pressing the Alarm button here.
2.3 Link Test

A manual distress alert test is possible.
The Maritime Transceiver will ask the user during a Link Test (Performance Verification Test) to manually send a
test distress alert.
If the request is ignored the Transceiver will automatically send the Distress Test after 2 minutes.
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2.4 Message transmission

The Maritime Transceiver will allow you to send your text messages with distress priority in case of an emergency.
Such messages will be routed to a default destination that is pre-programmed in the LES. This destination is
normally the Search And Rescue (SAR) authority in the country where the LES is located.
2.5 EGC message reception

EGC System and SafetyNet calls can not be turned off.
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3. System Generation
The procedure is as follows:
1. Turn on your Transceiver while you press the Set button. You must depress the button for at least 10 seconds or
at least until you can hear the connected printer being initialised.
2. Now hit the ENTER key and watch the System Generation menu appear on your screen. If this does not happen,
repeat steps 1 and 2.
3.1 The system generation menu

Having followed the instructions in the previous section you should now see the menu on your screen:
Thrane & Thrane system generation menu: Capsat Transceiver

0 Quit
1 Init system parameters
2 EGC settings
3 Filerouting
4 Reporting service
5 NCS Table
6 Preferred ocean
7 Console settings
8 Mobile Number
Enter number >
To perform an action on the list you just type in the appropriate number. If you want to see the menu again just type
CTRL+C (Hold the CTRL key down while typing a C).
The CTRL+C combination also acts as a Cancel facility. It will always bring you back to the menu without
changing any parameters.
Note:
Do not hit the ESC key if you use the Thrane & Thrane Message Handling Program. If you hit the ESC
key you will go back to the menu of the Message Handling Program and an error will occur as the
Transceiver will not respond to the normal commands while in the System Generation.
If you do hit ESC, then turn off both units and proceed as in section 3 on page 4.
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3.2 Entering your mobile number

For ease of operation and general information when you operate your Capsat system, you should consider to enter the
mobile number.
Just type in the Inmarsat-C 9 digit number that you have received from your PTT authorities.
An Inmarsat-C mobile number is always in the range:
400000000 to 499999999
If you type a number outside this range the Transceiver will ignore it.
You should not attempt to use your equipment before you have received a mobile number.
The Transceiver only uses the mobile number when sending Message Position Reports (see the Message Handling
Software Operators Guide), to indicate which Transceiver originated the position message.
3.3 Initialising system parameters

This option will set most parameters in the non-volatile EEPROM memory located in socket U6, to their default
values.
It should only be used in case the contents of the non-volatile memory has been destroyed, or a new Transceiver is to
be used for the very first time.
Select option 1: Init system parameters, to perform the EEPROM initialisation. A new menu appears.
Init system parameters menu

0 Quit
1 All
2 Basic system parameters
3 EGC Network ID's
4 Data Network ID's
5 LES Network Table
6 Link Test Results
7 Remove software write protection
If the equipment has never been used before you should select option 1: All parameters. If you have used the
equipment previously with Data Reporting or EGC FleetNet you should select option 2: Basic system parameters, to
avoid erasing the information these services uses. You will receive a warning reminder on the screen when select an
option that erases these data.
A Yes/No prompt now appears. Hit the 'Y' key to start the process, or 'N' to abort.
Below you will find a summary of what this will mean to your equipment:
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Name Contents Action

E_next Preferred Ocean Set to None
E_logout Time of last logout Erased
E_login Time of last login Erased
E_login_status Current transceiver login status Set to logged out
E_lastlogin_status Last NCS logged into Erased
E_mess_no IN, OUT and EGC.XXX numbers Set to 0
E_shore Transmit message parameters Erased
E_pv_result þ Last link test results Optionally erased
E_sos Last distress alert result Erased
E_routing Message routing Set to all-to-printer
E_tz Timezone Erased
E_navigation Position Set to all-zeroes
E_repsched Report Scheduling Set to OFF
E_u_env Environment variables Erased
E_network þ LES Network Table Optionally erased
E_enid þ EGC Netword ID's Optionally erased
E_dnid þ Data Network ID's Optionally erased
E_poweron Power-On status Erased
E_current Default NCS at power-ON Set to AOR-E
E_ncs_table Main NCS Table with 4 ocean Set to Inmarsat defaults
E_version EEPROM format version
E_egcfilter Filter for receiving EGC messages System, SafetyNet,
FleetNet all ON
E_tt_status ComPort options, Terminal type Set to default: Hardware
handshake
E_commissioned Commission status Not changed
E_itu Mobile Number Not changed
E_R25 Æ Temperature correction Not changed
E_freq_cor Æ Frequency correction Not changed
E_freq_slope Æ Last calculated frequency slope Not changed
E_id Inmarsat forward and return ID's Not changed
Table 1: The Capsat Transceiver EEPROM initialisation. Æ parameters have been transferred.. þ parameters are
only initialised if you select them.
If you see the message
Moving analog hardware values to new EEPROM version
this will indicate to you the parameters marked with a Æ have been transferred from a previous EEPROM layout to
the new when installing a new Capsat Transceiver software.
3.3.1 Write protection

The software includes a write protection feature that utilises a facility for protecting data in the EEPROM against
malfunctions.
This facility will be enabled as soon as you start using the Transceiver with software version 2.01. This even works
when you remove the EEPROM from the equipment, so that it will not be possible to change the contents of this chip
by means of a commercial available EPROM/EEPROM burner.
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In the unlikely event that you need to manually change the contents of the EEPROM, then you need to remove the
protection before remove the EEPROM from the Transceiver.
Menu entry 7: Remove software write protection, makes this possible. The protection will be enabled automatically
again when you turn on the Transceiver after re-installing the EEPROM.
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4. Built-in GPS
4.1 Introduction to the GPS System

The basic principles behind GPS are really quite simple - even though the system itself employs some of the most
"high-tech" equipment ever developed. There are five important points:
1 Triangulation from the satellites is the basis of the system.
2 To triangulate, GPS measures distance using the travel time of a radio message.
3 To measure travel, GPS needs very accurate clocks.
4 Once you know distance to a satellite, you then need to know where the satellite is in space.
5 As the GPS signal travels through the ionosphere and the earth's atmosphere, it gets delayed.
4.1.1 The basic idea - Satellite ranging

GPS is based on satellite ranging. That means that we figure our position on earth by measuring our distance from a
group of satellites in space. The satellites act as precise reference points for us.
The basic concept behind GPS is then: Let us say we are lost and we are trying to locate ourselves. If we know that
we are a certain distance from satellite A, say 11,000 miles, that really narrows down where in the whole universe we
can be. It tells us we must be somewhere on an imaginary sphere that is centred on the satellite and that has a radius
of 11,000 miles.
Figure 1: Possible positions shown as surface of a sphere when one satellite is used.
Now if at the same time we also know that we're 12,000 miles from another satellite, satellite B, that narrows down
where we can be even more. Because the only place in the universe where we can be 11,000 miles from satellite A
and 12,000 miles from satellite B is on the circle where those spheres intersect.
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Figure 2: Possible positions shown as circle when two satellites are used.
Then if we make a measurement from a third satellite we can really pinpoint ourselves. Because if we know that at
the same time we're 13,000 miles from satellite C, there are only two points in space where that can be true. Those
two points are where the 13,000 mile sphere cuts through the circle that is the intersection of the 11,000 mile sphere
and the 12,000 mile sphere.
Figure 3: Possible positions shown two points on a circle when three satellites are used.
By ranging from three satellites we can narrow down where we are to just two points in space.
How do we decide which one of those two points is our true location? Well, we could make a fourth measurement
from another satellite. Or we can make an assumption. Usually, one of the two points is a ridiculous answer. The
incorrect point may not be close to the earth, or it may have an impossibly high velocity. The computers in GPS
receivers have various techniques for distinguishing the correct point from the incorrect one.
Incidentally, if you know your altitude, (e.g. sea level), you can eliminate one of the satellite measurements. One of
the spheres in the last drawing can be replaced by a sphere that's centred at the earth's centre and has a radius equal
to the earth's plus your altitude.
Some receivers can be switched to 2-D operation like this - which can make calculating a position faster and more
accurate.
Anyway, trigonometry says we need four satellite ranges to unambiguously locate ourselves. But in practice, we can
get by with just three if we reject the ridiculous solutions.
And that is it. The basic principle behind GPS: using satellites as reference points for triangulating your position
somewhere on earth.
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4.2 The GPS module

The Capsat Transceiver uses a Rockwell NavCore V GPS Receiver module.
The Rockwell GPS Module is a single-board, five-channel, parallel Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver
suitable for integration. The GPS Module uses spread-spectrum receiver technology for reception of L1 GPS,
1575.42-MHz Standard Positioning Service (SPS) signals. This highly integrated digital receiver incorporates four
custom Rockwell devices, including a fully integrated Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) RF Front-end. This minimises the
receiver's size, reducing it to approximately 70 square centimetres and, at the same time, maximises the reliability of
the product.
Rapid Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) is achieved utilising efficient search algorithms that make use of the five parallel
channels of the receiver. A typical TTFF is 30 seconds with a current almanac loaded in Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) and ephemeris data stored in Static Random Access Memory
(SRAM). Initialisation parameters provide position within 100 km, velocity within 75 m/s, and time within one
minute. This performance can be achieved with vehicle dynamics as high as 1 000 m/s in velocity and 1 0 m/s/s/s in
acceleration. Typical reacquisition times caused by obscuration with duration's greater than 15 seconds can be
reacquired as rapidly as 10 seconds once the obscuration is cleared. Navigation solutions can be maintained with
vehicle dynamics as high as 1000 m/s in velocity and 40 m/s2 in acceleration. The GPS Module can maintain this
performance in applications where the surrounding environment exhibits temperature extremes between -40 to +85
degrees Celsius and vibrations of 40 mm peak-to-peak on a 2-G curve.
Ease of acquisition is realised upon power-up by providing the receiver its Position, Velocity and Time data from a
completely powered down state.
Navigation solutions can be achieved and maintained in several different modes. The GPS Module utilises one of the
five channels to track all remaining satellites that are in view. The unit accomplishes this task by designating one
channel as a utility channel. Therefore, it one channel experiences an outage, the utility channel will supply an
alternate satellite.
A Four Satellite Navigation solution (3-D solution) will be generated automatically from the acquisition state.
A commanded three satellite (2-D) solution can be approached from an acquisition state with a user supplied altitude
via a command.
A three satellite (2-D) solution, Altitude Hold, can also be approached from a Four Satellite Navigation state
automatically if only three satellites become visible due to obscuration.
The user can command an altitude to be used in the navigation solution via an 'Altitude' command. In all cases, the
user can command a Satellite Viewing Mask Angle from -1 5 to +35 degrees with respect to the horizon.
4.2.1 Feature list

Rapid Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) via efficient search algorithms and five parallel hardware channels
Maximum navigation accuracy achievable with Standard Positioning Service
Full accuracy C/A code performance realised when Selective Availability (SA) is not imposed
Automatic Altitude Hold Mode from 3-D to 2-D navigation
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Rapid adaptation to obscuration via ephemeris collection for all visible satellites via a designated utility channel
Maximum operational flexibility via user commands
User selectable visible satellite mask angle.
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4.3 Satellite Navigation

The GPS Module provides four (3D) and three (2D) satellite navigation solutions. The Default Primary Navigation
solution is 3D, Four Satellite Vehicle (SV) Navigation. Three Satellite Navigation is considered a secondary
navigation solution, which requires a known user altitude.
Automatic Three Satellite Navigation utilising the last known altitude is implemented from a Four Satellite
Navigation state when only three satellites are unobscured. Three Satellite Navigation utilising a user provided
altitude can be achieved from an acquisition state when commanded by the user via the Capsat Transceiver ru -a
command.
Either method will provide you with a position. However. the 4SV-(3D) solution will be the most accurate of all the
solutions when satellites with good geometry are available.
In general, accurate three-dimensional (3D) position determinations are based on the measurement of the transit time
of RF signals from four satellites. Three of the four satellites provide the horizontal X and Y co-ordinates. However,
with errors of different atmospheric delays and imperfections in clocks standards, the horizontal position can be
located in two places along the Z-axis which is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The fourth satellite essentially
removes the error on the Z-axis; thus an accurate altitude is given.
4.3.1 Four Satellite Navigation (3D)

The GPS Module automatically proceeds from an acquisition state, or three SV navigation state, to a four SV
navigation state when four or more satellite measurements are considered reliable. At various points in time,
satellites may become obscured. The GPS Module minimises the effects of obscuration by ultimately utilising a fifth
channel to track all remaining satellites in view in order to maintain Four Satellite Navigation as much as possible.
4.3.2 Three Satellite Navigation (2D)

Three Satellite Navigation is considered a secondary method for obtaining a solution. Three Satellite Navigation
requires an assumed value for altitude. Therefore, Three Satellite Navigation accuracy is highly dependent upon the
accuracy of the altitude value used. Since the Three Satellite Navigation condition operates under the assumption of
a known or constant altitude, control and monitor mechanisms are provided by the GPS Module. These mechanisms
allow you to appropriately control the use of the Three Satellite Navigation functions in a way that is compatible with
the operating environment of the user's application. The three mechanisms are: Automatic Altitude Hold (Auto
Hold), Amended Altitude Hold (Amended Hold) and Three Satellite Navigation from Acquisition (Three SV Nav.).
There are three distinct scenarios that the Three Satellite Navigation Mode of the GPS Module is designed to
accommodate. They are:
² Constant Altitude with Unknown Value
² Constant Altitude with Known Value
² Variable Altitude with Known Values
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4.3.2.1 Constant Altitude with Unknown Value

The application in this case might involve navigation across terrain that is flat, but of unknown altitude, or navigation
on a lake of unknown altitude.
4.3.2.2 Constant Altitude with Known Value

The application here also involves relatively flat terrain or water navigation, but the altitude is known. The known
altitude may have been obtained from a map or other data base. Alternatively, the value might have been obtained
during a prior period of Four Satellite Navigation. Since the altitude in this scenario is assumed constant, the value
obtained from the set can be used at a later time when satellite visibility prevents Four Satellite Navigation.
4.3.2.3 Variable Altitude with Known Values

In some applications, there will be an associated data base, such as an electronic map, which allows altitude to be
determined it position is known with some specified degree of accuracy.
4.3.3 Basic Modes of Three SV Navigation

The GPS Module has three basic modes of Three Satellite Navigation:
² Auto Hold
² Amended Hold
² Three Satellite Navigation
4.3.3.1 Auto Hold Mode

Automatic Altitude Hold (Auto Hold) is the default mode of operation of The Module. In Auto Hold, the altitude
value used as a measurement is the last value of altitude calculated by The Module prior to entering the Auto Hold
Mode. The Module can only enter Auto Hold Mode from the Four Satellite Navigation Mode. The transition from
Four Satellite Navigation to Auto Hold takes place if the following criteria are met:
1) Altitude Hold is enabled.
2) The Module is in Four Satellite Navigation Mode.
3) The number of satellites drops to three or the GDOP (satellite geometry qualify measure) becomes too poor to
continue to navigate reliably even though four or more satellites are being tracked.
4) The modified GDOP obtained using the altitude as a measurement value from a fictitious overhead satellite is
adequate for reliable navigation.
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Note that both alternatives in criterion (3) essentially mean that there are not enough 'independent" measurements to
continue to reliably calculate a solution. For example, using measurements from four satellites, two of which have
nearly the same azimuth and elevation as seen from the antenna location, is worse than using measurements from
three satellites.
4.3.3.2 Amended Hold Mode

Amended Altitude Hold (Amended Hold) is always entered from Auto Hold Mode. The transition from Auto Hold to
Amended Hold occurs when the user provides an altitude value to the module.
4.3.4 Almanac
The Almanac used by the GPS Module is a set of Keplerian orbital parameters which approximate the entire orbits of
the GPS satellites. This information is used by the GPS Module to determine where to best search for the satellites'
signals. Once a satellite is being tracked by the GPS Module, the Ephemeris parameters, which are more accurate
but only span a four-hour portion of the orbit, are used to continue tracking the satellite or reacquire a satellite it it's
signal is best. Note that the almanac parameters for all GPS satellites are broadcast by each GPS satellite, but each
GPS satellite broadcasts ephemeris only for itself.
The almanac parameters are uploaded to the GPS satellites once per week. The almanac parameters are also
continually broadcast from the GPS satellites so that GPS User sets, such as the GPS Module, have access to the
most current almanac. Although updated weekly, the almanac parameters are still acceptable for use for longer
periods of time, up to several months, except for the rare cases in which satellites have been repositioned or new
satellites have been launched. Even in these circumstances, the almanac data for the unaltered satellites is still
acceptable for use.
When the GPS Module is tracking any GPS satellite, it is constantly reading the almanac parameters for all GPS
satellites, comparing them against the almanac parameters currently being used and updating them when they
change.
When not operating, two sets of almanac data are typically resident within GPS Module memory: a static almanac
periodically stored in EEPROM and a dynamic almanac stored in SRAM which will, if power is continuously
applied, remain non-volatile.
The accuracy of these sets of almanac data will degrade with time, and eventually cause longer acquisition times if
the set remains without power for a period of several months.
As mentioned above, please note that the GPS Module updates the almanac data for all satellites if it is tracking at
least one satellite.
4.3.5 Error Outputs

The GPS Module provides error information in two forms with the position: expected errors and Figure of Merit.
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Test Summary: OK 09 visible satellites SW Version 3.30

Navigation Mode: 1 FOM: 1 UTC: 1
Accept Altitude: 0 Hold: 1 VPerr: 3 m
PDOP: 02 HDOP: 01 HPerr: 4 m
Elevation mask: 05 HVerr: 564 cm/s
Satellite Tracking Status

Satellites: 20* 24* 25* 29* 15*
Signal Level: 47 44 53 38 46
Elevation: 06 13 20 78 06
Azimuth: 360 317 041 147 152
V. Speed : 25 ft/m Altitude: 405 ft

Position : 55 44 39 N 012 28 64 E at 10:03:48 UTC
Course : 000 deg/true north
Speed : 000 knots : 0001 kmph : 0000 mph
Figure 4: The Transceivers GPS status screen
An expected error value output by the GPS Module is based on the estimation error used to update the associated
quantity being estimated by the GPS Module navigational computations. There are 3 expected error quantities
displayed by the Capsat Transceiver's ru -g command.:
horizontal position
vertical position
velocity
Each expected error value is the standard deviation of the associated estimation error. It is not an expected value as
defined by probability theory, e.g. an average value of error.
Estimation errors are derived from errors in satellite range measurements used in the calculations to update the
navigation solution. Thus, estimation errors depend primarily on the number of satellite range measurements
processed each second. This means that the error in the solution is reduced as more range measurements are
processed and used to update the navigation solution.
Note that these error values reflect estimation errors which are in turn used to update the navigation solution.
Therefore, they are not to be viewed as computations of actual error, but as indications of how well the navigation
solution has converged. In Acquisition Mode, expected error outputs initially reflect default error estimates assumed
by the GPS Module. The error outputs increase in value during Acquisition until maximum values are reached, since
no measurements are being input into the navigation filter.
The Figure of Merit is simply a quantization of the position error. It is set to the maximum value during Acquisition.
Figure of merit: Estimated position error

1: < 26m
2: 26-50m
3: 51-75m
4: 76-100m
5: 101-200m
6: 201-500m
7: 501-1000m
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8: 1001-5000m
9: > 5000m
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5. Antenna switch
5.1 Introduction
The Capsat Transceiver Software has now been enhanced with a possibility of directly controlling two antennas via a
T-Bus device.
The two antenna system has the property of being able to select one of two available antennas for use of Inmarsat-C
(and GPS) signals.
The Transceiver will automatically select the antenna with the best signal; and will be able to switch to the other
antenna if the measured signal level drops below a user-selectable threshold. If the signal from the new antenna is
still below this threshold, the Transceiver will reduce the nominal threshold and see if this helps.
The signal level of both antennas will be analysed again, and if both antenna's levels are below the current threshold,
the threshold will be further reduced. This will be attempted three times in all, until a minimum threshold is reached.
If signal drops below the minimum threshold the Transceiver will start an ocean region scanning.
If the signal stays above the threshold for a user-defined period of time, the Transceiver will set threshold back to the
nominal value.
If a transmission fails because of an error on the link (not LES originated error information, e.g. terrestrial line
problems), the Transceiver will automatically try to retransmit the message once. The entry in the transmit log will
display "waiting" status with the transmission scheduled to take place again after 5 minutes. The Transceiver will
command the antenna switch so that the new transmission attempt will occur on a different antenna.
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5.2 Commands
The Transceiver allows the use of environment variable, stored the non-volatile EEPROM, to control the switch
parameters. The command to use is the set command with option -z.
Below is an example is to set the nominal threshold to 35:
set -z ASTHRNOM=35
The following sections lists the parameters that affect the operation of the Antenna Switch device.
5.2.1 Timer 1
AST1=<seconds>
This parameter controls the interval between antennas are switched or threshold is lowered.
The default value is 30 seconds (if the setting is not present)
The minimum value is 8 seconds.
The maximum value is 30 minutes.
An example is:
set -z AST1=50
5.2.2 Timer 2
AST2=<seconds>
This parameter controls the interval that the signal must exceed the threshold, before the threshold will be set back to
its nominal value.
The Transceiver represents this value a an integer number of Timer 1 periods internally.
The default value is 120 seconds (if the setting is not present).
The minimum value is one Timer 1 period (not seconds).
The maximum value is 500 Timer 1 periods (not seconds).
An example is:
set -z AST2=300
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5.2.3 Nominal Threshold

ASTHRNOM=<signal level>
This parameter controls the signal threshold that will trigger the Transceiver to switch antennas and eventually
reduce the threshold.
The measured signal is averaged by the Transceiver over the Timer 1 period. The signal level value is then in the
range from 0 to 50 where 50 is the best signal.
The default threshold value is 40 (if the setting is not present)
The minimum value you can set is 25.
The maximum value you can set is 45.
An example is:
set -z ASTHRNOM=42
5.2.4 Minimum Threshold

ASTHRMIN=<signal level>
This parameter controls the signal threshold that will trigger the Transceiver to start a scanning, if one has not
already been started.
The measured signal is averaged by the Transceiver over the Timer 1 period. The signal level value is then in the
range from 0 to 50 where 50 is the best signal.
The default value is 25 (if the setting is not present)
The minimum value you can set is 0.
The maximum value you can set is 45.
An example is:
set -z ASTHRMIN=30
5.2.5 Scanning
ASSCAN=<setting>
This parameter controls how the Transceiver will perform the ocean region scan.
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Setting ASSCAN=PREF will let the Transceiver only scan the preferred ocean region (if any, otherwise all ocean
regions will be scanned).
Any other setting will cause the Transceiver to perform an all ocean scan. From then on all scan you may issue
manually, will also be all-ocean scans.
An example is:
set -z ASSCAN=PREF
5.2.6 Fixed antenna

ASANTNO=<value>
This parameter controls which antenna will be selected at the next change.
The default value is 0, which means that the program will alternate between the two antennas.
The two other settings are 1 or 2 that selects either antenna permanently.
An example is:
set -z ASANTNO=1
5.2.7 Remote unit list

The Transceiver will list the current setting of the T-Bus antenna switch device in the remote unit device list when
the ru -l command is used.
The list could look like the one below, if a Remote Alarm and a built-in GPS was also connected:
: ru -l
Device Addr ErrCnt PrnStat BusStat

RALM 07 0 01H 00H
ASWI 01 0 02H 00H
Device Nav SatCnt PDOP AltHold UTC Stat
BGPS 1 5 002 1 1 OK
:
For the Antenna Switch device, called ASWI in the above listing, the PrnStat parameter indicates the number of the
active antenna. Antenna number 2 is active in the example above.
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5.3 Status information

If the Antenna Switch device is not present the Transceiver will respond with the INFO message:
INFO 452: No Antenna Switch Device available
You should then check the ru -l status and the cable and power to the device. You should also check that the T-Bus
enable switch (number 1) inside the Transceiver is set to the ON position and that the T-Bus TX Jumper (number 1)
has been inserted.
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6. Using a Reader/Puncher in the Capsat

system
6.1 Introduction
To be able to use cryptographic equipment working with paper reader/punchers, a special version of the TT-3000
Capsat system is available.
It uses the TT-10202A/B PC Message Handling Software in a special 1200 baud version, with serial parameters
1200 baud, no parity, 8 databit, 1 stopbit, the TT-1610A reader/puncher, and the TT-3020B Capsat transceiver.
The procedure described in this document, is intended for use until an automatic procedure will be available.
6.2 Connections and setup

The equipment must be connected in the following way:
Reader
Transceiver PC
Puncher
TT 61-101034 9-25 Pin Cable TT 61-100825 25-9 Pin Cable
6.3 TT-1610A High speed Reader/Puncher

With the combination of TT-3020A and TT-1610A the TT-1610A should have the following EPROMS installed:
Socket Label
U16 4601S31
01 C5
U13 Z36-42512
152 CF1F
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With these EPROMS the reader/puncher switches at the bottom of the unit, should be set like this:
SW1 ON
SW2 ON
SW3 ON
SW4 ON
SW5 ON
SW6 OFF
SW7 OFF
SW8 OFF
and the front panel switches like this:
FDX
DC Codes OFF
CR Delay OFF
High Speed
When starting up the PC program, the transceiver may not have the same transmission parameters as the PC
program. To establish connection, use the following procedure:
Enter the terminal emulating mode:
Option - Configuration - Terminal
You are now in direct contact with the TT-3020B transceiver. Try hitting the ENTER key a couple of times. If
nothing happens, the communications parameters are incorrect, and you must follow the steps below. Otherwise you
can skip to section 3.
1. Turn on the power of your TT-3020B Transceiver while pressing the SET button on the front panel.
If you have a printer connected to the TT-3020B you will hear it being initialised after approximately 3
seconds.
2. Hit the ENTER key on your keyboard.
The ENTER character (ASCII value 13) is supposed the be the very first character send to the TT-3020B
when System Generation is entered.
The TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver is designed to automatically adjust the communication speed to match
the incoming ENTER character.
3. Watch the "System Generation Menu" appearing on the screen.
If the communication cable running from the terminal to the TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver is not shielded,
or is exposed to severe RF noise, faulty detection of the ENTER character could be expected, causing the
TT-3020B to accept a wrong setting.
If the System Generation Menu does not appear on your display, or is incorrectly displayed, you are
recommended to check the cabling, and repeat the procedure.
4. Having altered the System Generation parameters you may wish to leave the System Generation.
Select the Quit command by entering:
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The TT-3020B will confirm the command by asking you to push the Set button on the TT-3020B and hit
the ENTER key at the appropriate prompts.
All changed parameters will be stored in non-volatile memory when this button is pushed, including the
baudrate and protocol settings detected upon entering the System Generation.
Your TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver is now brought to the stand-by mode, indicated by the software copyright notice:
Inmarsat-C Software
(C) Copyright 1993 Thrane & Thrane A/S
Released version
Version 2.10, 94-02-21
You may now hit ESC to return to the main menu.
The TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver is now using 1200 Baud, 8 databits, no parity and 1 stopbit to communicate with
the Message Handling software.
The switch 2 on the CPU board of the Transceiver must be set ON for the file communication to work correctly.
Normally the Transceiver delete a transferred file if the resulting file length is different from the file length specified
in the tr command, but this facility is disabled when switch 2 is set ON.
6.4 Receiving and punching messages

To be able to receive and punch your messages, these must first be stored on the floppy disk in the PC.
6.4.1 Setup of reception

To enable this feature, you must set the message routing of the received message to disk. Select:
Option - Configuration - Message Routing
and select
Disk
for the first entry on the list.
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6.4.2 Punching paper tape messages

Find the name of the received message in the Receive log:
Logs - Receive Log
This could be a name like IN.089.
Enter the terminal mode:
and hit the function key
F9
Type the filename (e.g. IN.089) and hit ENTER twice.
To get the message on paper tape, type the command line
type (filename)
but do not hit the ENTER key, until you have started the paper puncher.
Press the
LEADER
button on the TT-1610A front panel for a second, to put a leader pattern on the tape, and then push the
PUNCH
button.
Now you can hit the ENTER key on your keyboard, to start punching the message.
Press the
PUNCH
button to stop the TT-1610A again.
Hit the ESC key to get back to the main menu.
6.4.3 Punching tapes in binary mode

In case you want to preserve the sequence of CR (carriage return) and LF (linefeed) characters on your tape, you must
use the binary typing facility.
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The ordinary typing facility adds an LF character to all CR characters and discards all LF characters read from the
file.
The binary typing facility does not process the characters in any way.
To binary type a file called TEST.TXT you use the following command:
type -b test.txt
On the first line of the typed message (and thus on the tape) you will see the number of characters in the file. This
number can be ignored.
6.5 Reading and transmitting messages

To be able to transmit a message on a paper tape, you must first read the message into the transceiver, transfer it to
the floppy disk, and then setup the actual transmission.
6.5.1 Reading paper tape messages

Go to the terminal mode:
The paper tape message can be read into any file, with a name that has not been used as a filename already.
To see which files exists in the memory, use the command:
dir
To get the message from the paper tape to the transceiver memory, type the command line
transfer (filename)
and hit the ENTER key.
Now press the
READER
button on the TT-1610A front panel for a second, to read the message from the tape. After waiting for data for five
seconds, the transceiver stops the transfer, and returns with the colon prompt (:).
To move the file to the floppy disk, hit the
F10
key, type the filename you chose before and hit ENTER twice.
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Hit the ESC key to get back to the main menu.
6.5.2 Reading tapes in binary mode

In case you want to preserve the sequence of CR (carriage return) and LF (linefeed) characters from your tape, you
must use the binary transfer facility.
The ordinary transfer facility adds an LF character to all CR characters and discards all LF characters read from the
tape.
The binary transfer does not process the characters in any way.
To transfer binary you must specify the number of characters that you want to read. If you specify a very large
number the transfer facility will store all of you message but give you an error warning that your message was shorter
than you specified.
To transfer a tape of approximately 5000 characters to a file called TEST.TXT you use the following command:
transfer -b 10000 test.txt
The number 10000 is sufficiently large to accommodate your tape data.
After waiting 5 seconds the transceiver will end the transfer, and the file will be store in the Transceivers file system
if switch 2 was set ON.
The file can now be moved to the connected PC with the F10 key.
6.5.3 Transmitting messages

You are now able to load the file into the text editor, and edit it, like any other message, or you can go directly to the
transmit menu, and specify the filename that you selected before.
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7. Transceiver Software Details
7.1 EGC Message header format

When an EGC messages is received by the Transceiver it puts a text header in front of the received message.
The header format is:
"<CR><LF>LES <number> - MSG <number> - <text> <text> Call to Area: <text> - <text>
<CR><LF><CR><LF>"
An example is:
LES 102 - MSG 578 - MetWarn/Fore Urgent Call to Area: 1 - PosOK
BT CSAT 46464 HYDRNW G 27-JUL-1992 17:27:34 554163
zczc
navarea one 303
satnav gps
satellite prn 21 unusable 272350z to 281150z july.
2. cancel this message 281250z jul 92
nnnn
The header can be interpreted as (see the following page)
Example Name Description Values

LES 102 EGC originator ID LES ID Other LES ID's
MSG 578 Sequence Number NCS identification number 5 digit number
MetWarn/Fore Service Name EGC service. This is the IMO name of the See below
message service type.
Urgent Priority There are four possible. Normal
Safety
Urgent
Distress
Area: 1 EGC Addressing This is mostly an area number but there are See below
other possibilities
PosOK Status The status of the position information in the NoPos
Transceiver (from a navigator device or the PosOK
internal GPS).
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The different service types have different addressing in the message. There are the following possibilities (see next
page):
Service Service name EGC Addressing Meaning

Number
00 General "ALL" All Tranceivers should receive this
11 Inmarsat "ALL" All Tranceivers should receive this
23 System "ID" Individually addressed
33 ENID "ID" Individually addressed
02 Group Number EGC Network ID:
ENID
31 MetWarn/Fore Number Navigational Area:
NavArea (1-16)
13 CoastalWarn Number Letter Letter Navtex
NavArea SubArea Service
14 Distress Number Letter Circular Area Description:
Number Letter Latitude N/S
Number Longitude E/W
Radius (in nautical miles)
24 Met/NavWarn Number Letter Circular Area Description:
04 NavWarn Number+Number Letter Rectangular Area Description:
Number+Number Letter Latitude+Extent N/S
Longitude+Extent E/W
34 SAR Number+Number Letter Rectangular Area Description:
Number+Number Letter Latitude+Extent N/S
Longitude+Extent E/W
44 SAR Number Letter Circular Area Description:
72 Chart Number EGC Network ID:
ENID
73 Chart "All" Addressing is not used
New "All" Unknown type
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7.2 Provider Name Mapping
7.2.1 Introduction
To save space in the Capsat Transceiver EEPROM memory the 25 character provider name string that is downloaded
via the NCS TDM channel, is not stored in it's full length in the Transceiver.
Rather the Transceiver only stores 15 bytes for each provider name which gives a 500 bytes EEPROM memory saved
in all for the two ID types.
The following section will describe how the characters received are mapped so they can fit in the EEPROM memory.
7.2.2 Map technique

The Transceiver uses they same kind of compression as seen with the packed baudot messages: 8 characters of 8 bit
each are converted into 8 characters of 5 bit each and then stored in 5 bytes of 8 bit each (40 bits = 8 *5).
The Transceiver uses two rows of characters: some common characters and letters and figures.
Common characters:
Name Use 5 bit Value

CT_SPACE ASCII space 00H
CT_TEXTEND End of compressed MSG 1CH
CT_FIGURE Continue with figures 1EH
CT_LETTER Continue with letters 1FH
Letters and figures:
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The figures The letters 5 bit value

! A 01H
" B 02H
# C 03H
$ D 04H
% E 05H
& F 06H
' G 07H
( H 08H
) I 09H
* J 0AH
+ K 0BH
, L 0CH
- M 0DH
. N 0EH
/ O 0FH
0 P 10H
1 Q 11H
2 R 12H
3 S 13H
4 T 14H
5 U 15H
6 V 16H
7 W 17H
8 X 18H
9 Y 19H
: Z 1AH
; [ 1BH
= ] 1DH
Uppercase letters in a received provider name are converted to lowercase.
Characters not found in the table above will not be stored.
As the Transceiver can store only 24 compressed characters (15 * 8 / 5) where some of them will be CT_LETTER or
CT_FIGURE, so the more you mix letters and figures, the fewer characters can be stored in the Transceiver provider
name.
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7.3 Baudot Characters

The following table lists the Baudot (telex) alphabet characters that you can use when sending to a telex network
destination.
The table also lists the perforation pattern that corresponds to each letter on a paper tape.
No. Letters Figures Hex 5 4 3 2 1

1 A - 03 ¡ l l
2 B ? 19 l l ¡ l
3 C : 0E l l ¡ l
4 D X 09 l ¡ l
5 E 3 01 ¡ l
6 F %Å 0D l l ¡ l
7 G @Æ 1A l l ¡ l
8 H #Ø 14 l l ¡
9 I 8 06 l ¡ l
10 J % 0B l ¡ l l
11 K ( 0F l l ¡ l l
12 L ) 12 l ¡ l
13 M . 1C l l l ¡
14 N , 0C l l ¡
15 O 9 18 l l ¡
16 P 0 16 l l ¡ l
17 Q 1 17 l l ¡ l l
18 R 4 0A l ¡ l
19 S ' 05 l ¡ l
20 T 5 10 l ¡
21 U 7 07 l ¡ l l
22 V = 1E l l l ¡ l
23 W 2 13 l ¡ l l
24 X / 1D l l l ¡ l
25 Y 6 15 l l ¡ l
26 Z + 11 l ¡ l
27 < 08 l ¡
28 ≡ 02 ¡ l
29 A... 1F l l l ¡ l l
30 1... 1B l l ¡ l l
31 Space 04 l ¡
32 Unperf 00 ¡
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7.4 Use of the Transceiver built-in speaker

The following table lists the way the software uses the built-in speaker in the Capsat Transceiver
Transceiver function Mobile Type Information Type Description Beep

(version)
EE init All Push Set Button 1 normal
When the write protection cannot be
enabled
EE init All Init All Menu 1 normal
Warning the user
EGC reception All (Maritime) Distress/Urgent 4 fast
When receiving an Urgent or distress
priority message or a Distress Alert type
message
Printing Aeronautical Aero Version 2 normal
When commissioned and a printer error
occurs
Printing Landmobile and LM+MAR versions 2 normal
Maritime When printer error occurs
Printing All To local Printer (all versions) 1 normal
When the message contains a Bell
character
System Generation All Tracker Calibration 1 normal
Warning when selecting to calibrate the
Analog hardware
System Generation All Tracker Calibration 1 normal
Warning when temperature is out of range
[20,30] celcius
System Generation All Entering ID's 4 normal
Warning before changing serial
number/FDW/RET ID's
Sending Messages All Starting new TX 1 normal
Beep once if not in silent mode to indicate
start of TX
Power ON All Detection 5 normal + 5
If current EEPROM version is incorrect for normal
this software version
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Distress Alert All Starting 1 normal

Indicate that a distress has been started
Distress Alert All Receiving 1 normal
After acknowledgement if not in silent
mode
GPS All Position Fix 2 fast
When getting a position fix after power ON
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7.5 T-Bus Software Interface Description

This appendix describes the software packet interface that is used on the T-Bus (X5) connector of the Capsat
Transceiver.
For the hardware and timing requirements of the T-Bus see T-Bus Internal Time Division Command/Response
Multiplex Data Bus Reference Manual.
7.5.1 TT-3042A and TT-3042B Remote Alarm
7.5.1.1 Introduction
The following data is exchanged between the Capsat Transceiver and the Remote Alarm unit using the T-Bus:
Command Data from Description

Remote Alarm
Status Yes (4) Ask TT-3020A for data transfer, inform if printer and NMEA
0183 is available. The Alarm can also give message
acknowledgements for the following message types: {EGC
urgent/distress, EGC safety, EGC routine, Normal message}.
Distress Activation is polled.
Print No (16) Send 15 bytes to printer.
Msg_info No (3) The TT-3020A has received a message of one of the above
mentioned types, or one of the Remote Alarms have
acknowledged a message of the type as mentioned above.
TT-3020A front panel LED status.
Send_nmea Yes (16) Allow Remote Alarm to send NMEA 0183 data: Position,
course, speed [knots], altitude [m]
Position No (14) Giving the position data, altitude and Vup.
Time No (12) Giving the current UTC time as well as course and speed.
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Capsat Transceiver T-Bus

Transceiver
TT-3042B TT-3042B TT-3042B
Status Print Receive NMEA

Printer Available and status Up to 15 ASCII characters NMEA 0183 data:
Distress activation
NMEA transfer request Position, Time, Altitude, GPS data
Msg_info
LED request
Message reception and
Message acknowledgement
acknowledgement
User switches
LED status
Send NMEA
Allow Remote Alarm to send
NMEA 0183 data
7.5.1.2 Status command

The Remote Alarm sends the following data to the TT-3020A:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 0001 Status marker (1)
1 0XXX XXXX Attention and Device
2 0000 XXXX Message acknowledgement
3 0000 0NAB N = Accepts navigational data for NMEA port.
A = User switch 1 B = User switch 0.
The Attention and device field is bit structured so that the bits corresponds:
0 Printer available and OK (01H)

1 Printer: Paper Out (02H)
2 Printer: Buffer Full (04H)
3 Printer: Not Selected (08H)
4 Distress activated (10H)
5 Request NMEA 0183 data transfer (20H)
6 Request LED information (40H)
The Message Acknowledgement can have one of the following values:
00H No acknowledgement
01H EGC normal
02H EGC safety
04H EGC urgent or EGC distress
08H Normal mail
The User Switches field is the current status of the two user defined inputs of the TT-3042A.
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00H No input
01H Switch 0 activated
02H Switch 1 activated
03H Both switches activated
04H Remote Alarm accepts navigational data for NMEA output.
In this byte is also contains the bit that indicates if the Remote Alarm will accept navigational data for NMEA
0183/RS-232 output.
7.5.1.3 Print command

The TT-3020A sends the following data to the Remote Alarm:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 0010 Print marker (2)
1 0XXX XXXX Up to 15 bytes ASCII data
NULL bytes will be ignored by the Remote Alarm printer driver and signals message end.
7.5.1.4 Msg_info command

The TT-3020A sends the following data to the Remote Alarm:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 0XXX Msg_status marker (3,4)
1 0000 0XXX Message type
2 XXXX XXXX TT-3020A front panel LED's
The Msg_status field can have one of the following values:
3 Message begins: A message of the specified type has just been received.
4 Message ends: A remote Alarm has acknowledged reception of the specified message type.
The Message type can have one of the following values:
Msg_status = 3 Msg_status = 4
00H No change 00H No change
01H EGC normal 01H EGC normal
02H EGC safety 02H EGC safety
04H EGC distress 04H EGC urgent or EGC distress
08H Normal mail 08H Normal mail
14H EGC urgent
The TT-3020A front panel LED's are specified in a bit array:
Alarm Mail Send Login

Blink On Blink On Blink On Blink On
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When the ON bit is set the corresponding TT-3020A LED is lit, and when the BLINK set the TT-3020A LED is
blinking.
7.5.1.5 Send_nmea command

The Remote Alarm sends the following data to the TT-3020A:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 0101 NMEA marker (5)
1 XXXX XXXX Latitude degrees 0-90 in BCD
2 XXXX XXXX Latitude minutes 0-59 in BCD
3 XXXX XXXX Latitude hundreds 0-99 in BCD
4 XXXX XXXX Longitude degrees 0-180 in BCD, LSD
5 0000 XXXX Longitude degrees in BCD, MSD
6 XXXX XXXX Longitude minutes 0-59 in BCD
7 XXXX XXXX Longitude hundreds 0-99 in BCD
8 XXXX 00SW N/S(S=1) E/W (W=1), Altitude in feet, BCD, LSD
9 XXXX XXXX Altitude in meters, BCD
10 XXXX XXXX Altitude in meters, BCD, MSD
11 XXXX XXXX Course 0-360 in BCD, LSD
12 0000 XXXX Course in BCD, MSD
13 0000 CSAP Quality of Course, Speed, Position and altitude (1=OK)
14 XXXX XXXX Speed in knots 0-999 in BCD, LSD
15 0000 XXXX Speed in BCD, MSD
7.5.1.6 Position command

The Transceiver sends the following data to the RA every 3.2 seconds if a BGPS is available:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 0111 Position marker (7)
1 XXXX XXXX Latitude degrees 0-90 in BCD
2 XXXX XXXX Latitude minutes 0-59 in BCD
3 XXXX XXXX Latitude hundreds 0-99 in BCD
4 XXXX XXXX Longitude degrees 0-180 in BCD, LSD
5 0000 XXXX Longitude degrees in BCD, MSD
6 XXXX XXXX Longitude minutes 0-59 in BCD
7 XXXX XXXX Longitude hundreds 0-99 in BCD
8 XXXX 00SW N/S (S=1) E/W (W=1), Altitude in m, BCD, LSD
9 XXXX XXXX Altitude in m, BCD
10 XXXX XXXX Altitude in m, BCD, MSD
11 XXXX XXXX Vup in m/s, BCD, LSD
12 0000 XXXX Vup in m/s, BCD, MSD
13 00UD 0VAP Altitude: Over/Under zero (U=1)
Vup: Up/Down (D=1)
Quality of:
Vup, Altitude and Position (1=OK)
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7.5.1.7 Time command

The Transceiver sends the following data to the RA every 3.2 seconds if a BGPS is available:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 1000 Time marker (8)
1 XXXX XXXX Course 0-360 in BCD, LSD
2 0000 XXXX Course in BCD, MSD
3 XXXX XXXX Speed in knots 0-999 in BCD, LSD
4 0000 XXXX Speed in BCD, MSD
5 0000 0000 Year 91-99,00- in BCD UTC TIME
6 0000 0000 Month 1-12 in BCD
7 000X 0000 Day 1-31 in BCD
8 XXXX XXXX Hour 0-24 in BCD
9 XXXX XXXX Minute 0-59 in BCD
10 XXXX XXXX Seconds 0-59 in BCD
11 0000 0UCS Valid data: UTC, Course, Speed (OK=1)
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7.5.2 Antenna Switch

The Transceiver uses two T-Bus packets for communication with the T-Bus Antenna Switch device.
7.5.2.1 Introduction
The following data is exchanged between the Capsat Transceiver and the Antenna Switch device using the T-Bus:
Command Direction Description

Status poll From device This packet mainly indicates to the
2 bytes Transceiver id an ASWI device is
present, and then which antenna
currently is being used.
Switch antenna To device Select an antenna to use. The
2 bytes Transceiver may indicate that the
device should just swap antennas.
7.5.2.2 Status Poll

The Antenna Switch Device sends the following data to the Capsat Transceiver:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 1110 Command Identifier (14)
1 0000 00XX Active antenna number (1 or 2). 0 if error.
7.5.2.3 Switch Antenna

The Capsat Transceiver sends the following data to the Antenna Switch Device:
No ----.---- Info
0 0000 1111 Command Identifier (15)
1 0000 00XX Set antenna number 1 or 2 active. 0 if the device should
just select the other antenna.
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8. Capsat Transceiver Service
8.1 Service
8.1.1 CPU board: TT 37-102819

The Central Processor Unit board is found in the bottom of the
TT-3020B. The software for the Inmarsat-C protocols is found in socket U12.
At power-on the CPU board will run through a self test procedure. The steps of the self test can be seen on the front
panel LED's of the TT-3020B.
Login Send Mail Alarm Test

0 0 0 0 CPU
1 0 0 0 Init UART, check UART, CPU setup
1 1 0 0 ROM Checksum
1 1 1 0 Init refresh counter, base RAM test (32K)
1 1 1 1 CMOS check, enable interrupts, RAM test
0 1 1 1 Time, Viterbi, Alarm key, Temp. sensor
0 0 1 1 Test TX FIFO
Table 2: CPU Power On self-test LED pattern.
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Printer T-Bus Console
SW.1 T-Bus Mode

SW.2 RPU Mode
SW.3 NMEA 0183 Output
SW.6 Service Mode
DS.1 T-Bus Activity: Flickers
Speaker
DS.2 Frame Decode: Toggles every 16s
DS.3 CPU Activity: Flickers
GPS Module DS.4 TX data
U6 EEPROM
TP.2 128 Hz Clock Adjustment
U12 EPROM
CPU
U18 Viterbi EPROM

DIP Switches
Power
Alarm Set Power

Button Button Button
Figure 5: TT-3020B CPU Board, No. TT 37-102819, showing the DIP Switch
array.
The DIP switches currently in use are:
Switch Default Use

1 ON Enable T-Bus operation: For TT-3042B
2 OFF Enable Reader/Puncher special file transfer
3 OFF Enable NMEA 0183 output on X5 (with built-in GPS only)
6 OFF Enable Thrane & Thrane Service Mode
Figure 6: TT-3020B DIP switch Settings with factory default settings
All other switches must be set off to ensure proper operation. In addition you should not operate the TT-3020B
Capsat Transceiver with switch 6 ON unless you are in the System Generation.
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8.1.2 Power supply: TT 37-102120

The switch mode power supply is found at the underside of the TT-3020B.
Input
Connector
E1 Power Switch
J2 E2 Power Switch
Connector E3 -12V
for Demodulator E4 Ground
E5 + 12V
E6 + 5V
E7 E1 E7 TX Ke y i n p u t s i g n a l
Connector
for CPU Board
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8.1.3 Demodulator / down converter board: TT 37-102019

The demodulator / down converter board is found at the upper side of the TT-3020B.
FGU 1600 MHz DS2 I n d i c a t i n g d a t a c l o c k s i g n a l r e c e i v e d f r o m s a t e l l i t e .

TP11 For audible data inspection.
L-Band
U s e h i g h i m p e d a n c e a m p l i fie r w i t h a l o u d s p e a k e r .
FGU 80.1 MHz Dow n c o n v e r t e r
TP37 + 5 volt supply.
TP38 -5 volt supply.
GPS RF-Sig n a l
Antenna
Connector
FGU 21.5 MHz
TP11
TP37
DS2
FGU Connector TP38

Power
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8.1.4 Built-in GPS Module: TT 88-300421

The built-in GPS module will always be self-tested at power-on. In case you suspect a malfunction in the module
you should check the GPS status screen by selecting:
OPTIONS - GPS STATUS
Look at the first line at Test Summary and see the status information readout. Normally you should see OK, but in
case of error you will see an error code.
The error code is a 16 bit error word and is described in the following section.
In case you want to test the module manually you can also start the test from the Terminal mode. Type:
OPTIONS - CONFIGURATION - TERMINAL MODE
Then hit the ENTER key and see the colon prompt appear. Now type the command:
ru -t<ENTER>
And hit the ESC key to get back to the main menu. After approximately 10 seconds the test results are available in
the GPS Status window.
8.1.4.1 Test Summary Word

If the built-in self-test fails, a 4 digit number will appear in the first line of the GPS status together with the word
ERROR. This indicates the cause of the error as a hexadecimal number. The number is composed of error bits in
different locations as described below.
Bit 0 is the least significant bit (displayed as 0001H) and bit 12 is the most significant used bit (displayed as 1000H).
Bit Number Name Description

Bit 0 System Health Logic 1 indicates the GPS Module is unable to
continue normal operation or to produce reliable
results due to a detected failure in the ROM, RAM, or
SPI devices.
Bit 8 ROM Failure Logic 1 indicates a fault has been detected in the ROM
device.
Bit 9 Low Order RAM Failure Logic 1 indicates a fault has been detected in the low-
order byte RAM device.
Bit 10 High order RAM Failure Logic 1 indicates a fault has been detected in the high-
order byte RAM device.
Bit 11 SPI Failure Logic 1 indicates that a failure has been detected in
one or more functional areas of the SPI (Serial Port
Interface) device.
Bit 12 RAM Addressing Failure Logic 1 indicates that a failure has been detected
regarding proper addressing of the RAM devices.
Other bits Spare
Table 3: Description of the GPS Modules Test Summary word.
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8.2 Replacements
8.2.1 How to replace a CPU board: TT 37-102819

The EEPROM found in socket U6 on this board, contains the identity of the TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver. If this
board is to be replaced, the EEPROM must be moved to the new board if the Transceiver has to remain the same
logical mobile unit in the Inmarsat-C System.
To ensure proper operation you should also relocate the U12 and U18 EPROM's.
8.2.2 How to replace an FGU board: TT 37-100522

The EEPROM found in socket U6 on the CPU board, contains the frequency and temperature correction for of the
Transceiver's FGU board.
If the FGU board is to be replaced, the EEPROM values must updated to match the new board.
To update the EEPROM values you should bring your:
TT-3606A Message Terminal into Terminal Mode:
- OPTION - CONFIGURATION - TERMINAL
TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver into System Generation and Service Mode, see section 3 on page 4.
Having entered the System Generation with the Service Switch set On, you will now see a menu entry called Tracker
Setup.
If you select this you will see a small menu on the screen. To initialise the CPU Board to use the new FGU Board,
you should select menu item 2 Set Frequency correction, and type in the value 128as explained on the screen. You
should not attempt to use the other menu entries unless you have a very thorough understanding of the operation of
the Transceiver.
WARNING
Do not attempt to tune the TT-3020B Master
oscillator. This operation must only be performed by
T&T approved service personnel.
8.2.3 How to replace a demodulator board: TT 37-102019

This board can be changed with no further action.
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8.2.4 How to replace a power supply: TT 37-102120

This unit can be changed with no further action.
8.2.5 How to replace an antenna unit: TT 69-102881

This unit can be changed with no further action.
8.2.6 How to replace the Built-in GPS Module: TT 88-300421

The built-in GPS module is electrically connected to the Transceiver via a small ribbon cable. If you need to change
the GPS module or install one for the first time, you must refer to the GPS-UPGRADE drawing in the back of this
manual.
Please take care when you remove or insert the cable into the connectors. The connectors can be opened by gently
pulling the slider.
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8.3 The TT-3020B status screen information

The TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver offers you the possibility to inspect the status of the hardware and the software of
the Transceiver.
This is done by means of the Status Screen.
If your Transceiver is in terminal mode you can use the TT-3020B command st -w to display the status screen. If you
use a Thrane & Thrane Message Handling Software you can display the same information by selecting the menu:
OPTIONS - TRANSCEIVER STATUS
The status screen is shown below:
Figure 7: The TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver Status Screen.
We will refer to this information in the following description.
8.3.1 Hardware information

The HARDWARE part has a headline and six columns: The synthesisers, the local oscillators, the frequency tracker,
the VXO data, the antenna part and Viterbi decoder part.
The headline gives you the readout from the built-in clock circuit. This has a resolution of one minute.
The rows in each column are now described:
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8.3.1.1 Synth's
The synthesisers: The synthesiser part tells you if the frequency generating units are in lock, that is, if they operate
correctly.
These should all read "Yes".
8.3.1.2 LO 1/2
The local oscillators: The LO levels are the voltage levels that the Local Oscillators, the receiver detector circuits,
outputs at the moment.
These should be in the range of 500mv to 5000mV.
Your reading may show "unused" in place of the LO.2 level value, in case you have a new hardware option. This
option does not need a second local oscillator.
8.3.1.3 Corr.A/C/R
The frequency tracker: The tracker part give you the status of how the software compensate for short term
environmental, and long term crystal ageing frequency variation.
The frequency correction voltage gives the actual value (A) that the software uses to control the frequency generating
hardware.
The correction range gives you a window centre (C) and window range (R): the window in which the control voltage
can vary. The window centre value compensate for the long term variations, and is therefore stored in the EEPROM
memory. This is done every 4 hours. The range is a fixed value.
For normal operation you should have values:
C-R < A < C+R
8.3.1.4 Dif/Temp
The VXO data: This part shows the Frequency difference in Hz from the currently used channel (DIF), and the
current temperature (Temp) measured with an NTC thermistor near the master control oscillator.
If the transceiver is tuned to a channel you will have a frequency difference from this channel. If the transceiver is
not tuned, this value will be invalid. Check the software section for synchronisation.
To operate properly and smoothly the DIF value should be below 250 Hz to either side.
The temperature will normally be 10 to 15 degrees above the ambient temperature.
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8.3.1.5 RX/TX/AGC/FIFO
The antenna: This part gives you the information:
The receiving current (RX) is the current that the transceiver will measure on the antenna connector, in the idle
receive state.
The value will be 105mA with the antenna connected, 0mA when disconnected, and "Too high" when the antenna
connector or the cable is shorted.
The transmit power consumption (TX) is the value that was measured at the last transmission on the antenna
connector.
This value will be around 3000mA. The resolution of the measurement is 500mA, so due to noise on the
measurement it may vary from 2000 to 3000mA. If you have not used the TT-3020B for transmissions yet, the value
will be 0mA.
The Automatic Gain Control level (AGC) is the voltage that controls the receiver amplifiers in the transceiver.
The AGC voltage will be around 3000mV with a good antenna signal, and approx. 2000mV with the antenna
disconnected. This also checks the Low Noise Amplifier gain (in the antenna) and the antenna cable.
The transmit First In First Out queue (FIFO) is the circuit in which the databits are stored just before transmission.
This should always read "Yes".
8.3.1.6 R/C-B/B/S
Viterbi decoder: The Viterbi decoder is a separate microprocessor that decodes the received data.
R
The processor will give the number of Viterbi Renormalisations (R), which is the number of times it had to guess
data from previous information, as a hexadecimal number.
The larger the number, the weaker, or more distorted, is the received signal.
C-B
The processor also gives the number of Viterbi Cycleslips (C), which is a number that increases with signal
distortion, and the number of bitslips (B) on the same line. These are shown as hexadecimal numbers. The
numbers should be zero.
B
The bulletin board check (B) is done by the main processor on the basis of the received data for each 8.64 seconds
of data.
This 8.64 seconds of data is called a frame. The frame will contain packets, and the first and most important is
the bulletin board packet, which contains a frame number and the identification and possible services of the
emitting station and this particular channel.
The bulletin board check will normally read 1, which signifies a valid bulletin board, but when tuning or
transmitting it may read 0.
S
The Signal Strength (S) can vary from 0 to 5 where 5 is the best signal. You should have a reading above 2 to
ensure a proper communications link.
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The signal strength is measured directly on the received signal (after demodulating), where the renormalization
count (R) is calculated after the decoding, so (R) has a 8.64 seconds delay in respect to (S).
The value is measured as an average over 512 demodulated bits.
The resulting number is on a scale from 0 to 5 that has the following correspondence with the signal-to-noise
ratio:
Signal strength 0 1 2 3 4 5
SNR in dBHz <29 29-31 31-33 33-35 35-37 >37
The first 3 readouts mentioned above are only last-received values, so in case the transceiver looses signal for a
longer period, the data shown here will be from the last received frame.
The Signal Strength (S) will always be correct even when the Transceiver looses the synchronisation.
8.3.2 Software information

The SOFTWARE part has a headline and two columns: The currently available information about the satellite link,
and the long term information with an overview of user commands waiting to be executed.
The headline gives you the version number of the TT-3020B software, and the corresponding release date, and the
date and time of last service together with the initials of the service engineer.
The rows in each column are now described:
8.3.2.1 Synchronisation
This corresponds to the status of the front panel LED "login". The readout will be "Yes" of the transceiver can
receive and decode the satellite signal properly.
8.3.2.2 Logged in
This corresponds to the status of the front panel LED "login". The readout will be "Yes" if the user has issued a login
command and received a login acknowledgement from the Network Coordinating Station (NCS) in the current ocean
region. The readout will be "No" the first time the equipment is turned on, and if the user issues a logout command
and receives a logout acknowledgement from the NCS in the current ocean region.
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8.3.2.3 TDM type

This tells you if the transceiver is currently tuned to an NCS or an LES channel, or in rare cases a stand-alone station.
The possible readouts are: NCS, LES, Joint NCS or Standby NCS,
8.3.2.4 TDM channel number

This is a number from 8000 to 14000, that corresponds to an Inmarsat-C system receive or transmit frequency.
8.3.2.5 Current channel

This information tells what type of channel the transceiver is using. If receiving the channel can be an NCS, LES,
and if transmitting it can be "Message" or "Signalling". When changing channel the readout will be "Retuning".
The possible readouts are: NCS, LES, Signalling, Message or Retuning.
8.3.2.6 Current protocol

This will tell you what protocol the transceiver is engaged in.
The possible readouts are:
Free
Pending
Sending Distress
Sending Distress Test
Login
Logout
Changing NCS
Scanning
Link Test
Transmission
Receiving message
Confirmation request
Message delivery
Position report
Data report
Link Test request
Table 4: Transceiver protocol list.
The "Pending" status will appear if the Land Earth Station has postponed a transmission or a link test. In this case
the LES will automatically inform the transceiver when to try the protocol again.
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8.3.2.7 TDM origin

This number is received in the frame-data from the current station. It will correspond to a station found either in the
LES or the NCS table.
8.3.2.8 TDM frame number

This is the number of the current received data-frame. The numbers start from 0 at midnight and ends a 9999 just
before midnight, which gives a new frame every 8.64 seconds. In case the readout shows "-" the transceiver did not
receives a valid bulletin board (see column six in the hardware part).
8.3.2.9 BB error rate

The transceiver keeps a statistics of the bulletin boards in last 100 frames. This gives an idea of the signal quality in
the last 15 minutes. When transmitting, the transceiver will not increase the error rate. This figure is transmitted to
the LES as part of a link test.
8.3.2.10 Serial number

The serial number is mostly hardware identification but also a logical identification of a transceiver, as a specific
serial number must follow a specific mobile number.
8.3.2.11 Mobile number

This number is the call code of the unit. It is not used by the equipment to perform it duties, but is merely shown to
help you remembering it.
8.3.2.12 Preferred ocean

This information will be used for the next login command you perform, and is also used at the daily scanning routine
that a Maritime unit will perform. If the scanning routine finds another NCS (in a different region) with a stronger
signal than the one that you currently use, the routine will automatically login at that region, but it will not change
the preferred ocean.
8.3.2.13 Activities in queue

This information will only be present if you have specified several commands in a row. Transmit commands has the
lowest priority of all.
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8.3.3 Printing the information

Using the message terminal window program, this information can readily be printed out. Just select the following
menus:
OPTIONS - TRANSCEIVER STATUS - PRINT
Using the TT-3020B interface this operation can be accomplished by giving the command:
st -w p
where the letter 'p' means "print".
8.3.4 Storing the information in a file for transmission

In some cases it may be useful to store the status information in a file (on disk) for later use or even transmission via
the Inmarsat-C system.
Using the message terminal window program, this information can easily be stored. Just select the following menus:
OPTIONS - TRANSCEIVER STATUS - SAVE
You can now view the file, load it into the editor and add your own comments, and perhaps transmit the file later.
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9. Handling of communication-error
situations
9.1 No synchronisation
If you turn on your TT-3020B Capsat Transceiver and the LOGIN Indicator does not start to either flash or to light
steady after 5 minutes, you should check the following:
Do you have an antenna connected?
Is the antenna cable properly fitted?
Check the reading of the status screen's AGC level with the antenna connected and without the antenna connected.
with antenna: AGC level approx. 3000mV

without antenna: AGC level approx. 2000mV
Check the reading of the NCS origin ID. Does this match your ocean region?
1-44 Atlantic West

101-144 Atlantic East
201-244 Pacific
301-344 Indian
Has the antenna direct line-of-sight to the selected satellite?
Atlantic West 54ºW

Atlantic East 15.5ºW
Pacific 178ºE
Indian 64.5ºE
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9.2 Protocol errors

Whenever a link error occurs the party originating the message is stated which means that you will see either
Message from Transceiver:

or
Message from Land Station:
appear before the reason of the error.
Only in case of non-delivery you will still find message codes like:
Land Station gives error code: PRF
where PRF would stand for "Protocol Failure".
These codes can not completely be eliminated as they can vary from station to station. In case you want a full
explanation you should contact the Station Operator.
The current list of Inmarsat-C telex service three-letter errors codes is:
ACB Access barred

ADR Addressee refuses
ATD Attempting to deliver the message
BUS Busy
CCD Call cut or disconnected
CIE The LES ran out of processing/communications capacity to process your message
CNS Call not started
FAU Faulty
FSA Fast select acceptance not subscribed
IAM Was unable to process the address information in the following message:
IDS Invalid data from ship
IDT Input data timeout
IFR Invalid facility request
IMS Message size is invalid, 7932 characters max.
IND Incompatible destination
INH Was unable to establish the type of message from the following header:
ISR Invalid ship request
LEF Local equipment failure
LPE Local procedure error
MBB Message broken by higher priority
MCC Message channel congestion
MCF Message channel failure
MKO Message killed by operator
MSO Machine switched off
NAL No address line was present
NDA There was no delivery attempt
NFA No final answerback
NIA No initial answerback
NOB Not obtainable
NOC No connection
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NP No party
NTC Network congestion
OAB Operator aborted
OCC Telex occupied
OOO Out of order
PRC Premature clearing
PRF Protocol failure
RCA Reverse charging acceptance not subscribed
REF There was a failure in the remote equipment
RLE Ressource limit exceeded
RPE Remote protocol error
RPO RPOA (Recognized Private Operating Agency) out of order
SCC Call completed successfully
SHE Mobile unit hardware error
SNF The satellite network has failed
SPE Mobile unit protocol error
SUC Test results being delivered
TBY Trunks busy
TGR TDM group reset
TIM Timeout
WFA Wrong final answerback
WIA Wrong initial answerback
Figure 8: Inmarsat-C telex service three-letter errors codes.
9.2.1 List of Link Error Messages

A complete list of error messages is found in this section for your reference.
9.2.1.1 LES messages in case of a pending or rejected call

811 "Message from Land Station: Call rejected: "
814 "Message from Land Station: Call pending: "
followed by:
"Land Station message store full."

"Requested destination not served."
"Satellite circuit not available."
"Terrestrial circuit not available."
"Requested type of transmission not provided."
"Transmission request in queue."
"You are not allowed to use the system."
"Your Transceiver is not logged in."
"Your Transceiver is not commissioned."
"Will call you up later."
"Illegal request."
"Land Station out of service."
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9.2.1.2 LES messages in case of an aborted call

813 "Message from Land Station: Call aborted: "
followed by:
"Did not receive your message."

"Transceiver did not follow call procedure."
"Fatal Land Station error."
"Call cleared by Land Station operator."
"Call cleared by Transceiver."
"Land Station did not follow call procedure."
"Land Station has detected Transceiver error."
"Transceiver did not receive message from Land Station."
"Land Station does not support this message type."
"Invalid address."
"Your destination is not commissioned."
"Your destination is not logged in."
"Your destination is not allowed to use the system."
9.2.1.3 Transceiver Messages

"Message from Transceiver:"
followed by:
"Land Station out of service."

The TDM information indicates by a flag in the bulletin board that the particular LES is out of service.
"Satellite link occupied."

The Transceiver has tried to find a free signalling channel slot for 5 times without success, or the TDM
bulletin board indicated "congestion".
"No Store and Forward service available."

The TDM information indicates by a flag in the signalling channel descriptor that there are no signalling
channels for general use.
"No Distress service available."

channels for distress use and general use.
"No Closed User Group service available."

channels for the closed user group service available.
"No usable signalling channels available at present."

The TDM information indicates by a flag in the signalling channel descriptor that there are no slotted Aloha
signalling channels available.
"Your reception is OK,

but erroneous information is transmitted from Land Station."
The TDM bulletin board information indicates 0 or more than 40 signalling channels available.
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but vital information is not transmitted by Land Station."
Either the signalling channel descriptor or the transmission burst was not received two times during
reserved access transmission, or the signalling channel descriptor was not received 25 times in unreserved
access.

but your transmission is not received by Land Station."
The Transceiver tried to send the burst 9 times without success.
"Land Station did not respond to transmission request"

The Transceiver did not receive an assignment to send a message.
"Land Station did receive request, but did not respond to it."
The Transceiver timed-out waiting for a response packet from the LES.
"Transmission aborted by operator."

The user or the Transceiver aborted the operation.
"The Land Station does not exist in this Ocean Region."

The coast station selected for transmission was not found in the LES table.
"Cannot acquire synchronization at the satellite channel."

Either the transceivers synthesizers did not lock after 10 seconds, or the synchronization was not found
within 25 (45 for the OOO version) seconds after the tracking was finished, or the tracking was not
successful after 3 minutes (180 seconds for the OOO version).
"Did not receive any message from Land Station."

The Transceiver tried 4 times to request message packets from the LES.
"Land Station did not finish message."

The Transceiver tried 4 times to end a message reception with the LES.
"Reception aborted by operator."

The user or the Transceiver aborted message reception.
"Transmission hardware error."

Error detected in transmit queue hardware.
"Frequency cannot be tracked."

The Transceiver could not get the frequence difference within 150 Hz of the TDM carrier within 120
seconds (the OOO version) or 25 seconds (the NNN version).
"Land Station did not follow call procedure."

The LES did not reserve a signalling channel slot for the Transceiver as expected.
"Inmarsat-C System is now in Restoration mode."

The system cannot be used for login, logout and link tests as the NCS is out of operation at the moment.
"Land Station does not support Land Mobile Alerts"

The TDM channel information indicated that the LES did not support the alert service.
"No response from Land Station."

The Transceiver sent a login request 4 times without a response.
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"Illegal service specified."

The store-and-forward service type was not specified for the transmission.
"Expected Land Station was not found"

The Transceiver has checked the LES ID in your DNID table against the origin ID in the LES TDM and
found that they were different. Either your Transceiver tuned to the wrong channel, or the LES TDM
channel has been configured incorrectly.
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9.3 Login impossible

If your Transceiver cannot login you should first of all contact your LES Operator to verify that the Transceiver is in
fact present in the Inmarsat-C System database.
If you have just sent the commissioning forms to your PTT authorities, your Transceiver may not yet be registered
with Inmarsat.
In any circumstance you should not use the equipment if you do not know the mobile number of your Capsat System.
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9.4 Tuning fails

If your Transceiver looses synchronisation while in a protocol (e.g. message transmission), this may have been
caused by incorrect channel information.
If this happens the Transceiver will automatically check if the LES Network Table version number stored in memory
is different from the version that the Inmarsat-C system currently uses.
If this is the case, the Transceiver will automatically start a login, to get a new LES Network Table.
You should then attempt to send your message again.
If the tuning still fails you should printout and inspect the status screen. Please refer to section 8.3 on page 48.
You should note the values of A and C correction. They should be nearly equal. If this is not the case you
Transceiver may need recalibration.
If you only have a problem with one specific LES, you should take note of the Signal Strength value in the Status
Screen, when the Transceiver is tuned to the particular channel.
For further information please contact your dealer.
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—H—
Index hardware information, 52
—I—
Init system parameters, 5
Initializing system parameters, 6
—A—
aborted call, 63 —L—
activities in queue, 58
landmobile facilities, 2
AGC voltage, 54
local oscillators, 53
Almanac, 15
logged in, 56
Altitude Hold, 15
login impossible, 66
Amended Altitude Hold, 15
—M—
—B—
mobile number, 5; 58
BB error rate, 57
bulletin board check, 55
—N—
bulletin board error rate, 2
no synchonization, 60
—C—
—P—
CPU board TT 37-100524, 44
current channel, 56 pending call, 62
current protocol, 56 Power supply TT 37-102120, 46
preferred ocean, 2; 58
—D— protocol errors, 61
Demodulator/down converter TT 37-102019, 47
—R—
DIP switch array, 45
DIP switch Settings, 45 receiving current, 54
distress alert test, 2 rejected call, 62
—E— —S—
EGC System and SafetyNet calls, 3 Satellite Navigation, 13
Ephemeris parameters, 15 satellite ranging, 8
error codes, 62 serial number, 58
signal strength, 55
—F— software information, 55
Status Screen, 52
FIFO queue, 54
synchronization, 56
Figure of Merit, 17
system generation menu, 4
Four Satellite Navigation, 13
frequency correction voltage, 53
—T—
frequency difference, 53
frequency tracker, 53 TDM channel number, 56
TDM frame, 55
—G— TDM frame number, 57
TDM origin, 57
Global Positioning System, 11
TDM type, 56
GPS, 8
telex three-letter errors codes, 62
GPS built-in self-test, 48
temperature, 53
GPS Test Summary, 48
Three Satellite Navigation, 13
three-dimensional, 13
Time-To-First-Fix, 11
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transmit power consumption, 54

tuning fails, 67
—U—
uncommissioned, 2
—V—
Viterbi decoder, 54
VXO, 53
Page 64 19JUN95

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TT-3020B STD C TechMan

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TT-3020B

Technical Reference Manual

© Copyright Thrane & Thrane A/S June 1995

Document Number TT-99-103373-220. Release Date: 19JUN95

2. The Maritime facilities 2

5.3 Status information 21

6. Using a Reader/Puncher in the Capsat system 22

7. Transceiver Software Details 28

8. Capsat Transceiver Service 41

8.3 The TT-3020B status screen information 48

9. Handling of communication-error situations 55

19JUN95 Page iii

2. The Maritime facilities

2.1 Scanning and Login

Automatic scanning every 24 hours of the preferred ocean region.

2.3 Link Test

2.4 Message transmission

2.5 EGC message reception

The procedure is as follows:

3.1 The system generation menu

Thrane & Thrane system generation menu: Capsat Transceiver

Enter number >

3.2 Entering your mobile number

An Inmarsat-C mobile number is always in the range:

3.3 Initialising system parameters

Init system parameters menu

Name Contents Action

If you see the message

Moving analog hardware values to new EEPROM version

3.3.1 Write protection

4.1 Introduction to the GPS System

1 Triangulation from the satellites is the basis of the system.

3 To measure travel, GPS needs very accurate clocks.

4.1.1 The basic idea - Satellite ranging

4.2 The GPS module

4.2.1 Feature list

Maximum navigation accuracy achievable with Standard Positioning Service

Automatic Altitude Hold Mode from 3-D to 2-D navigation

Maximum operational flexibility via user commands

User selectable visible satellite mask angle.

4.3 Satellite Navigation

4.3.1 Four Satellite Navigation (3D)

4.3.2 Three Satellite Navigation (2D)

² Constant Altitude with Unknown Value

² Constant Altitude with Known Value

² Variable Altitude with Known Values

4.3.2.1 Constant Altitude with Unknown Value

4.3.2.2 Constant Altitude with Known Value

4.3.2.3 Variable Altitude with Known Values

4.3.3 Basic Modes of Three SV Navigation

² Three Satellite Navigation

4.3.3.1 Auto Hold Mode

1) Altitude Hold is enabled.

2) The Module is in Four Satellite Navigation Mode.

4.3.3.2 Amended Hold Mode

4.3.5 Error Outputs

Test Summary: OK 09 visible satellites SW Version 3.30

Satellite Tracking Status

V. Speed : 25 ft/m Altitude: 405 ft

Figure 4: The Transceivers GPS status screen

Figure of merit: Estimated position error

Below is an example is to set the nominal threshold to 35:

The default value is 30 seconds (if the setting is not present)