DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY SAN PABLO CITY CAMPUS ROTC UNIT
RD
403 (LAG) COMMUNITY DEFENSE CENTER, 4RCDG, ARESCOM
Brgy. Del Remedio, San Pablo City

INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LIFE SUPPORT & CPR

(STUDENTS HANDOUTS)

Life Support:
Is a series of emergency life saving procedures that are carried out to prolong life of a victim
with life threatening emergencies

Basic Life Support:

An emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and
the proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is
available.

Advanced Life
The use of special equipment to maintain breathing and circulation for the victim of an
emergency

Prolonged Life Support:

For post resuscitative and long term resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation:

Is a combination of chest compression and rescue breathing. This must be combined for
effective resuscitation of the victim of cardiac arrest.
Chain of Survival

Four Links

1. The First Link: EARLY ACCESS

It is the event initiated after the patient’s collapse until the arrival of Emergency Medical
Services personnel prepared to provide care.
2. The Second Link: EARLY CPR
It is most effective when started immediately after the victim’s collapse. The probability of
survival approximately doubles when it is initiated before the arrival of EMS.
3. The Third Link: EARLY DEFIBRILLATION
It is most likely to improve survival. It is the key intervention to increase the chances of
survival of patients with “out-of-hospital” cardiac arrest.
4. The Fourth Link: EARLY ACLS
If provided by highly trained personnel like paramedics, provision of advanced care outside
the hospital would be possible.
Checking the Victim

Initial check:
Determine immediate threats to life.

Physical exam and

SAMPLE history

Initial Check

 Check for responsiveness.

 Open airway.
 Check breathing.
 Check for severe bleeding
Physical Exam

Check head to toe for D-O-T-S

 Deformity
 Open wounds
 Tenderness
 Swelling

SAMPLE History

 Gather information using SAMPLE history

 Symptoms
 Allergies
 Medications
 Past medical history
 Last oral intake
 Events leading to the injury or illness
 Medical information tags may identify allergies, medications, or medical conditions.

What to Do Until EMS Arrives?

 Recheck the victim’s condition.
 Record any changes in victim’s condition.
 Report your findings and care to EMS when they arrive.

 Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest:

 A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies.
 Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.

Performing CPR
 Check for responsiveness.
 Open the airway and check for breathing.
 Rescue breaths
 Chest compressions
 Check for Responsiveness:
 Tap the victim’s shoulder and ask if he or she is all right.
 If the victim is not responsive, have a bystander call 161.
 If you are alone with an unresponsive child or infant, give CPR for 2 minutes (five
cycles), then call 161.

 Open the Airway and Check for Breathing

 Open airway with head tilt–chin lift.
 Check breathing: Look, listen, and feel for 5–10 seconds.

 Rescue Breaths
 Keep airway open.
 Give two normal breaths.
 Methods
 Face Shield
 Pocket Mask
 Chest Compressions (1 of 2)
 Two hands for adults
 One or two hands for children
 Two fingers for an infant
  Compression depth
 Adult: 1.5 to 2 inches
 Child or infant: 1/3 to 1/2 depth of the chest

 Chest Compressions (2 of 2)
 Adult and child: center of chest between nipples
 Infants: just below nipple line
 Five cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
 Continue CPR until:
 Defibrillator becomes available
 Victim shows signs of life
 EMS takes over
 You are too tired to continue.

Compression only CPR:

If a person is unwilling or unable to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation for an adult victim,

chest compression only-CPR should be provided rather than no attempt of CPR.
Criteria for not starting CPR:

All patients in cardiac arrest receive resuscitation unless:

 The patient has a valid “DNAR” order

 Patient has signs of irreversible death: rigor mortis, decapitation or dependent lividity
 No physiological benefit can be expected because the vital functions have deteriorated
despite maximal therapy for such conditions as progressive septic or cardiogenic shock

When to STOP CPR:

S – spontaneous signs of circulation are restored

T – turned over to medical services or properly trained and authorized personnel
O – operator is already exhausted andcannot continue CPR
P – physician assumes responsibility(declares death, take-over, etc.)